Giant magnetoresistance ratio in a current-perpendicular-to-plane spin valve based on an inverse Heusler alloy Ti₂NiAl

• Yu Feng,
• Zhou Cui,
• Bo Wu,
• Jianwei Li,
• Hongkuan Yuan and
• Hong Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1658–1665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.161

• -metallic Heusler alloys (HMHAs) are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for electrode materials in CPP-SV owing to their high Curie temperature, tunable electronic structure and small lattice mismatch with Ag or Cu. Moreover, the majority spin bands of HMHA across the Fermi level show typical

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

• Christina Schneidermann,
• Pascal Otto,
• Desirée Leistenschneider,
• Sven Grätz,
• Claudia Eßbach and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

• applications in catalysis [24][25][26], gas sorption/separation [27][28][29] and electrochemical energy storage/conversion. For the latter, porous carbon materials are established as electrode materials in fuel cells [30][31][32][33], Li–S cells [34][35][36][37], and supercapacitors [38]. In addition, these

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• molecules. The one-dimensional carbon materials prepared through high-temperature carbonization of C70 crystalline assemblies showed high specific capacitances at a high current density and scan rate [243]. These nano-engineered one-dimensional carbon materials might be useful as electrode materials for

Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• various discharging current densities. Performance of various electrode materials in the literature compared to this work. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 136: Additional experimental results. Acknowledgements This project was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GACR No. 17

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• with the electrolyte. This method does not rely on expensive precursors and thus enables an environmentally friendly way to achieve porous carbon electrode materials without the utilization of zinc chloride or other hazardous substances. Experimental Materials 2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde (98%), pyrrole-2

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• only the physical processes are involved in separating the charges, and thus the surface area and porous nature of the electrode materials play the main role. However, charge stored only through electrostatic ion adsorption causes a relatively low energy density (<10 Wh kg−1), which leads to

• constrained performance. Thus, to achieve high performance EDLCs, we need to enhance the energy density without compromising power density. Pseudo-supercapacitors derive their capacitance from fast reversible faradaic reactions at the surface of electrode materials with the electrolyte, which stores a greater

• upcoming energy storage devices. Mainly porous, conductive, carbon-based materials, such as activated carbon, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene have been explored as electrode materials for EDLCs, which deliver high power density and prolonged cycle stability [10]. Among these, carbon nanofibers

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• candidates for storage because of fast charging/discharging processes, relatively simple structures, easy large-scale production and high power densities [5]. It is crucial to look for electrochemically stable electrode materials that exhibit high specific capacitance and can be rapidly and reversibly

• charged and discharged over a wide potential range. Both electrical double-layer capacitance and faradaic reactions can contribute to the final capacitance of an electrode. Many different materials have been tested as electrode materials for supercapacitors, such as metal oxides [6][7][8], carbon

• -ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have attracted great attention due to their high electrical capacitance even at very high charge/discharge rates [16]. The advantage of a conducting polymer over the other electrode materials, e.g., carbon-based electrodes, is that not only the surface but also the bulk of CPs gives an

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• derivatives, such as active carbon, porous carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes with good electrical conductivity and high specific surface area, are most commonly employed as electrode materials [5][6][7]. The other category are pseudocapacitors governed by reversible faradic redox reactions at the interface

• between active materials and electrolyte, for which transition metal oxides/hydroxides with multiple valence are used as electrode materials [8][9]. EDLCs hold a high power density and long cycling stability, but their practical application is limited by the low energy density. In comparison, pseudo

• affecting the practical application of electrode materials. The cycling stability (Figure 6b) of the Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-5 electrode is evaluated by a continuous GCD test up to 3000 cycles at a current density of 1 A/cm3. It is noticed that the capacitance of Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-5 decreases gradually without an

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• contact on flat and nanostructured substrates demonstrated that the presence of ITO is irrelevant to the electrochemical performance. Selected oxygen evolution activities for planar state-of-the-art electrode materials (adapted from a review by Cook et al.) [9]. The overpotential η is shown here as a

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃

• Nino Schön,
• Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
• Shicheng Yu,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Roland Schierholz and
• Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

• for replacing the flammable liquid electrolyte in LIBs, especially in safety-related environments like automotive applications [6][7]. Furthermore, the increased electrochemical window in the case of SSEs opens the path to use advanced electrode materials with improved volumetric and gravimetric

• within a small volume under the tip, leading to a deformation of the surface. The resulting strain is measured by the system and reflected in the ESM amplitude signal. For electrode materials, the strain is supposed to be directly proportional to the Li-ion mobility [24][25][26][27]. In this work we

Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method

• Mingyang Liu,
• Yanjun Chen,
• Chaoran Qin,
• Zheng Zhang,
• Shuai Ma,
• Xiuru Cai,
• Xueqian Li and
• Yifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111

• and good adsorption capacity [1][2].Graphene has a diverse range of applications in solar cells, hydrogen storage materials, electroluminescent devices and electrode materials [3][4][5]. In particular, graphene or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and biopolymer (e.g., gellan gum, chitosan, and alginate

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

Ab initio study of adsorption and diffusion of lithium on transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers

• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2711–2718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.270

• electronic devices as power supplies, which have potential use in electrical vehicles (EVs) and smart grids. However, the energy and power density of current LIBs cannot satisfy the high demand of EVs. The development of new electrode materials is essential for improvement of the energy density. An ideal

• electrode material for LIBs should have good electronic conductivity, a lower Li diffusion energy barrier, as well as high energy and power densities. By reducing the bulk electrode materials to low-dimensional materials, a higher energy capacity and higher charge/discharge rate can be obtained as the low

• -dimensional materials have higher exposure to the electrolyte [1]. Two-dimensional materials, such as Co3O4, NiO, phosphorene, SnS and V2O5 all exhibit an excellent capacity retention, rate performance, lower energy barrier and long cycling life compared to their bulk counterparts used as electrode materials

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• -transfer resistance of the cell. A balance between the different structural parameters of the CNx hybrid allows for electrode materials of great potential for use in energy storage applications. Schematic representation of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrid formation with the use of Ni or

• the Fe/Mo catalyst contained the largest amount of nitrogen and the smallest proportion of porous carbon. Such a correlation could indicate that in the used synthetic conditions, the nitrogen atoms are mainly incorporated within the walls of the MWCNTs. The CNx hybrids were investigated as electrode

• materials for supercapacitors and showed a good power density in a 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. It is shown that the power density is improved with an increase in the fraction of MWCNTs and the porous carbon provides good capacitance for the electrode, while nitrogen atoms were found to decrease the charge

Towards molecular spintronics

• Georgeta Salvan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2464–2466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.245

• , taking into account that for device integration, the molecular layers need to obey certain boundary conditions, such as long-term stability, process compatibility, and the ability to integrate with electrode materials. Progress in this respect was only made possible by a continuous feedback from basic

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• ranges, faster charging, and lower costs), the development and optimization of electrode materials are of great interest. Considering that a target driving range of 300 miles is required for BEVs to achieve a sustainable mass market penetration (as defined by the US Department of Energy), the energy

Adsorption and diffusion characteristics of lithium on hydrogenated α- and β-silicene

• Fadil Iyikanat,
• Ali Kandemir,
• Cihan Bacaksiz and
• Hasan Sahin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1742–1748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.175

• candidates as electrode materials for Li-ion batteries [39]. For applications in Li-ion batteries, a high coverage of Li atoms on a material is required. Due to its buckled large surface area, silicene seems to be a good candidate for Li-ion battery applications. Li adsorption on pristine silicene has been

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO₂ nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

• Jin Zhang,
• Yibing Cai,
• Xuebin Hou,
• Xiaofei Song,
• Pengfei Lv,
• Huimin Zhou and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

• , which is considered to be a vital part in the field of renewable resources, has attracted much attention in recent years. Substantial effort has been made to improve the performance of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries aiming at aspects including safety, energy density, lifetime and power

• and nanorods are considered to be promising electrode materials for excellent lithium-ion battery performance. This is partly because of their small size enabling fast electron transport and decreasing retardation at the interface [21][22]. Electrospinning, a simple and versatile method, has been

Adsorption characteristics of Er₃N@C₈₀on W(110) and Au(111) studied via scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy

• Sebastian Schimmel,
• Zhixiang Sun,
• Danny Baumann,
• Denis Krylov,
• Nataliya Samoylova,
• Alexey Popov,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Christian Hess

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1127–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.114

• ) single crystal substrates. Beside their potential application as electrode materials, the choice of these established standard substrate for STM/STS investigations provides the advantages of comparability to results of earlier measurements and well-known fast cleaning treatments. Experimental Er3N@C80

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• to the particular two-terminal setup [54] and electrode geometry but allow relative comparisons of the tested electrode materials. Figure 7 shows the current density resulting from a positive potential applied to the entire cell (anode + cathode) of 1.50 V. Both platinum coated electrode (PVD and

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• hybrids by a rapid, facile microwave-assisted hydrothermal method for LIB applications [218]. CuO–graphene nanostructures were used as nonenzymatic glucose sensors [219], humidity sensors [220], for CO2 mineralisation [221], as supercapacitors [222], and as pseudo-capacitor electrode materials [223]. Zinc

Phosphorus-doped silicon nanorod anodes for high power lithium-ion batteries

• Chao Yan,
• Qianru Liu,
• Jianzhi Gao,
• Zhibo Yang and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 222–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.24

• polarization of the electrode materials, which is a common phenomenon for anode materials of LIBs [16][17]. The improved lithium storage performance can be ascribed to the unique nanostructure of the as-prepared Si anode. The morphology of the prepared Si anode and the precursors were investigated by SEM

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• materials; Li-ion batteries; nanocomposites; nanostructures; Introduction LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2-based electrode materials [1] were proposed as a less expensive alternative to LiCoO2 for high energy density Li-ion batteries containing less toxic elements than cobalt. The reasonable combination of their

• conductivity of this material and the higher values of the Li+ diffusion coefficient. Figure 8 displays the XRD patterns of electrode materials after electrochemical cycling at high discharge currents. It can be seen that the splitting of (018)/(110) reflections is much higher in carbon-coated materials

• Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x crystallites and, hence, to a substantial decrease in its electrochemical capacity values. The electrode–electrolyte interface in composite electrode materials is reduced by the thin carbon nanocoating that protects a part of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x surface from electrochemical degradation. SAED

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• further corroborated by density functional theory calculations [51][52]. As mentioned above, spinel ferrites can, in principle, be used as negative electrode materials in rechargeable Li-ion batteries. However, they have been shown to undergo conversion at low potential and these electrochemical reactions

Improved lithium-ion battery anode capacity with a network of easily fabricated spindle-like carbon nanofibers

• Mengting Liu,
• Wenhe Xie,
• Lili Gu,
• Tianfeng Qin,
• Xiaoyi Hou and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1289–1295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.120

• as one of the most advanced inventions in high energy density storage devices and are extensively utilized in various electronic systems for mobile phones, computers and vehicles [1][2][3]. It is common knowledge that the capacity and energy density of LIBs are highly dependent on the electrode

• materials. Commercial graphite, with low specific capacity and poor rate capability, no longer meets the urgent requirements of modern technologies as an anode material for LIBs [4][5]. Hence, exploring new candidates with higher energy density and better cycling endurance becomes imperative. Presently