Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

• Roopakala Kottayi,
• Ilangovan Veerappan and
• Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

• glass. This substrate was then dried at 60 °C in vacuum for 12 h to obtain the Cu2S-based CE. CE and photoanode were sandwiched with a 60 µm hot melt spacer at 110 °C for 50 s and clipped together. After that, the electrolyte was injected between the electrodes through pre-drilled holes in the CE to get

• ) that appears at the interface of electrolyte and counter electrode. The low-frequency region hemisphere is attributed to the charge transfer resistance (R2) appearing at the interface of electrolyte and photoanode. The sheet resistance (Rs) is the resistance of the intercept of the real axis. Similarly

• , CD1 is the double layer capacitance in the counter electrode/electrolyte interface and CD2 is the capacitance in the photoanode/electrolyte interface. In this work, we focused on R2, and it was observed to be 26.78 Ω. This low value of R2 reveals that the AZGSSe/TiO2 NF-based photoanode has superior

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• the device provided an instantaneous electrical output with a maximum open-circuit voltage of 0.3 V and a short-circuit current of 120 μA. After adding a conducting polymer to improve the number of charged ions and the ion selectivity of the diffusion channel, a specific electrolyte fluid was selected

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• the electrode/electrolyte interface during the ORR, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed. The Nyquist plot was acquired at 5 mV as AC amplitude between 100 kHz and 100 mHz with 0 V as a bias potential (Figure 4d). It is important to note that the prepared electrocatalysts displayed a

• the interaction between electrolyte and the electrode surface. We probed the water wetting ability of supported ACC-2 and supportless ACC-2* by measuring the water contact angles (Figure S8a,b, Supporting Information File 1). The rGO-supported ACC-2 material showed a higher water wettability (14 ± 1

• °) than the supportless ACC-2* (40 ± 5°). The improved wettability can enhance the charge transfer rate between the electrolyte and the electrode, along with enabling effective electrical integration to reduce ohmic losses, boosting the ORR activity of ACC-2. We observed that ACC-2 displayed superior ORR

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• . The electrical characterization for both demonstration of graphene functionalization with ZIKV60 aptamers and ZIKV NS1 protein detection consisted of DC measurements of the graphene transistors transfer characteristics. We conducted these measurements via electrolyte gating, utilizing a Keysight

• B2902A Precision Source/Measure Unit, immediately after the functionalization process. The source–drain bias was fixed at 1 mV, and we applied the gate voltage via a gold electrode in contact with 100 mM PBS or human serum. PBS was used as electrolyte for validation of the graphene functionalization with

• ZIKV60 aptamers, while human serum was adopted for ZIKV NS1 protein detection. Human serum (from human male AB plasma) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. We stress the fact that by using human serum as the gating electrolyte we can directly address any question about the selectivity of the detection since

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistors operating as biosensors. On average, the transistor channel resistance decreased from 1860 to 690 Ω when using the optimized PMMA. Even more importantly, the vast majority of these resistance values are distributed within a narrow range (only ca. 300 Ω wide

• electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs, Figure 5) designed to operate as DNA biosensors. Two batches of GFETs having a topmost graphene channel (75 µm width × 25 µm length) were fabricated (see details in Supporting Information File 1). In the first batch [37][38] (including 1755 GFETs

• fabrication of arrays of electrolyte-gated GFETs. The channel resistances of thousands of GFETs prepared using B2 and C4 PMMA were measured with a probe station in air. The resistance distributions were analyzed and fitted with Gaussian curves. The resistance distributions were centered at 690 Ω (FWHM = 303 Ω

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• × 1.0 cm2) and saturated calomel electrode (SCE) were used as the reference and counter electrodes, respectively. The Na2SO4 aqueous solution (0.5 M) was employed as the electrolyte and a xenon lamp with a 420 nm cutoff filter was used as the light source. The corresponding sample (5.0 mg) was

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• bond disappeared in ERGO. The amount of residual oxygenated functional groups in ERGO films is likely to vary depending on the experimental conditions, such as applied potential, reduction times, and the electrolyte used [25]. The process parameters for electrochemical reduction were optimized to

• composition of the electrolyte were optimized to increase the deoxygenation of the GO sheet during ERGO formation. Figure 1B depicts three significant Raman peaks of GO at 1350 cm−1 for the D band (associated with defects in the sp2 lattice), 1596 cm−1 for the G band (due to vibrations of the hexagonal

• microstructures of ERGO, which makes the graphene sheets more accessible to the electrolyte. It also facilitates electron transfer and diffusion of ions during the electrochemical process [28][34]. Electrochemical behavior of parathion at modified nanosensors Figure 5A depicts the CVs (first cycle) of bare GCE

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• containing a Li+-conductive aprotic electrolyte. In principle, electrochemical reactions between Li+ and O2 take place in the cathode to store and convert energy. During the discharge, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) occurs at the surface of the cathode, where O2 is spontaneously reduced by Li+ coming

• sufficient diffusion pathways for oxygen and electrolyte in the cathode. The ratio of Zn/Co in the starting materials greatly affects the microstructure and porosity of the resulting bimetallic ZIF–carbon/CNT composites. The correlation between the microstructure and the electrochemical performance of the

• which the highly porous ZnxCoy–C particles are beneficial for facilitating the electrochemical reactions between Li+ and O2. Moreover, CNT networks allow for sufficient electronic conduction as well as diffusion pathways for O2 and electrolyte in the composites. The atomic ratios of Zn and in the Zn1Co4

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• electrochemical exfoliation, whereby graphene is exfoliated in an electrolyte from an electrode made of graphite [19]. In electrochemical exfoliation, ions from the electrolyte flow towards the graphite electrode and intercalate between the graphene layers. The electrochemical reaction provides a driving force to

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• fluorescence in the temperature range of 25–45 °C. In addition, we also investigated the effect of the electrolyte solution (taking NaCl solution as an example) on the stability of GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2. As shown in Figure 4d, the fluorescence intensity of GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 remained relatively stable when the

• concentration of electrolyte solution was increased. The GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 have a lower fluorescence baseline in 0.10 M NaCl solution, which is important for the application in living organisms. Detection of Hg(II) We investigated the optical sensing properties of GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 using fluorescence spectroscopy. To

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• and respectable efficiency [1]. This promising third generation of solar cells contains a dye-adsorbed TiO2 photoanode, an iodide/triiodide electrolyte, and a platinum-based cathode, also known as the counter electrode (CE). However, the high cost of platinum has prevented the real-world application of

• and Na2S in KCl electrolyte solution. To study the redox behavior of the solution, the CV curves for each component and the mixture solutions were recorded in the potential range from −1.5 V to 1.0 V (Figure 1). The blank KCl electrolyte exhibits a straight line around zero current, while the

• is associated with the reduction of I3− at the cathode (CE/electrolyte), while the second one in the low-frequency region is attributed to electron transport in the TiO2 film in the back reaction at the TiO2/electrolyte interface (TiO2/dye/electrolyte). EIS data were fitted using an equivalent

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• of a metal and a polymer. There are different charge densities on different kinds of metal surface nanomorphology, which significantly influences the output performance of the TENG. Copper samples with different nanomorphology were obtained by controlling pH value, current density, electrolyte

• sulfate pentahydrate (purchased from Yongrong) with purity greater than 99.5%, and deionized water were used to prepare the electrolyte solution. The experimental temperature was controlled using a water bath (Olabo, model HH-S6). A Kelong KLX305 DC power source was used to control the current density

• . Copper sulfate pentahydrate of different concentrations (50 mL) was added to the electroplating solution. The electroplating process was based on an orthogonal test design for 16 sets of experimental conditions. First, the electrolytic cell was filled with electrolyte and the pole plate was immersed into

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• Technology, Shirgaon, Virar East, Maharastra, 401305, India Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar-845401, India 10.3762/bjnano.12.92 Abstract In the present article, an ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte was synthesized by using poly(vinylidene

• fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-HFP) as a host polymer. The electrolyte films were synthesized by using the solution casting technique. The as-prepared films were free-standing and transparent with good dimensional stability. Optimized electrolyte films exhibit a maximum room-temperature ionic

• electrolyte film which contains 30 wt % of the ionic liquid. The optimized films have good potential to be used as electrolyte materials for energy storage applications. Keywords: ionic liquid; polymer gel electrolytes; solution casting technique; transference number; Introduction For the past two decades

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• , electrophoresis, streaming current or potential, and sedimentation potential have played crucial roles in the development of microfluidics and nanofluidics [73][74][75]. Among them, the electro-osmotic flow refers to the motion of an electrolyte solution relative to the stationary charged surface due to an

• mobility of surface charges to describe the motion of electro-osmosis. The approximate expressions for the electro-osmotic velocity can be derived even when the surface charge density is large [75]. When investigating the motion of an electrolyte solution driven by an external electric field, Celebi and

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• by applying it to the random movement of a metallic ion in a low concentration of electrolyte near a negatively charged electrode [52]. The process resulted in a tree-like scale-invariant structure [52][53]. Figure 2b demonstrates the growth mechanism of a fractal proposed by DLA. Theories of non

The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments

• Markus Gehring,
• Tobias Kutsch,
• Osmane Camara,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Hans Kungl and
• Rüdiger-A. Eichel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1173–1186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.87

• active sites, that is, triple-phase contact points. These contact points of air, solid catalyst, and liquid electrolyte, need to be high in number or area. This entails a partial wetting of the electrode to ensure accessibility of the sites for gaseous oxygen. From a more industrial perspective

• cobalt salt to the spinning solution [19][20][21][22]. Li et al. [19] investigated the activity of the material using a rotating ring disc and dilute 0.1 M KOH electrolyte. They found that the cobalt species were active in both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and ORR. They also found that increasing

• surface area (smaller than 0.2 cm2) [20]. In this study, cobalt-decorated carbon fibre mats are prepared and analysed as self-supporting electrodes of a size suitable for application (3 cm2) in half-cells using 6 M KOH electrolyte. The focus of this study lies on the influence of the carbonisation

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• electrolyte engineering, cell design, interlayers, or solid electrolyte interphases can be found elsewhere in excellent reviews [10][14][28]. Here, additionally, some patents are reviewed to examine the approaches that are followed to commercialize Na–S batteries. Finally, an outlook is provided on how far

• sodium polysulfide species are directly exposed to the electrolyte. Additionally, the hollow structure provides space to accommodate the volume expansion of sulfur during the discharge processes. This cathode composite limits the shuttle effect, increases utilization and activity of sulfur, and prevents

• electrolyte interphases (SEI) [66], while the latter is addressed by engineering of liquid and solid electrolytes [63]. Results show that these strategies have an undeniable positive influence on cycle stability and performance safety of sodium batteries [10]. Yet, there are currently also other strategies

Uniform arrays of gold nanoelectrodes with tuneable recess depth

• Elena O. Gordeeva,
• Ilya V. Roslyakov,
• Alexey P. Leontiev,
• Alexey A. Klimenko and
• Kirill S. Napolskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 957–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.72

• template filling [26][27]. There are several requirements for structure and properties of NEAs, that includes, (1) mechanical stability and the ability to control the geometric parameters of nanoelectrodes, (2) chemical stability in electrolyte solutions, (3) recess uniformity for the electrodes in the

• metal for the second segment. The low concentration of Au(I) electroactive species in the electrolyte results in a low current density (javer ≈ 0.6 mA·cm−2 for Ed = −1.0 V) and a low metal growth rate of 3.5 µm·h−1. As a consequence, complete pore filling in the used AAO template requires ca. 14 h. Such

• a long-term Au electrodeposition from acidic electrolyte with pH < 5 leads to the degradation of the AAO template, characterized by a low chemical stability in the as-prepared amorphous state [28][29]. Thus, the proposed design and strategy for the fabrication of the Au NEAs include the formation of

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• whereas network like nanostructures were observed when the synthesis temperature was 90 °C. Apart from nanomaterials, DESs are also being exploited for the electrodeposition of alloys for coating applications. For example, Bernasconi et al. developed a non-aqueous electrolyte using choline chloride and

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• electrolyte spherical micro/nanorobots constrained by hydrodynamics can be polarized along the center line of the electrode, and the movement speed can be controlled. In addition, the micro/nanorobots moving in the same direction move in single file, while the micro/nanorobots moving in the opposite direction

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• the design of various magnetic MNRs. Kim et al. [64] proposed a hydrogel microrobot based on the combination of an electroactive hydrogel and MNPs. Electroactive hydrogels are usually made of a single hydrogel [65]. They respond to electric fields and produce mechanical motion in an electrolyte [66

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• taken with a microdispenser and applied to the end of a polished and degreased glassy carbon disk with an area of 0.196 cm2, the exact weight of the drop was recorded. The electrode was dried in air for 20 min while rotating at 700 rpm. Prior to measuring the ESA of the catalyst, the electrolyte was

• for desorption (Qd) and adsorption (Qad) of atomic hydrogen, as described in more detail in Supporting Information File 1. The CV recording rate was 20 mV·s−1 and the potential range was 0.04–1.2 V relative to RHE. To determine the ORR activity of the catalysts, the electrolyte was saturated with

• distribution by the number of intersections with "neighbors" (a–e) and a schematic representation of the location of spherical nanoparticles within the geometric model (f). Cyclic voltammograms of Pt/C samples. Sweep rate of 20 mV·s−1, 2nd cycle. Electrolyte used: 0.1 M HClO4 solution saturated with Ar at

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

• Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Michalina Kijaczko,
• Wojciech Kukulka,
• Daria Baranowska,
• Martyna Baca,
• Beata Zielinska and
• Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

• the EIS spectrum is related to the charge-transfer resistance at the electrode–electrolyte interface [71]. The EIS arc radius of Cl-PCN is smaller than that of PCN. Its impedance is reduced compared to PCN, indicating that Cl doping decreased the charge-transfer resistance of polymeric carbon nitride

• sulfate solution was used as the electrolyte. The photocurrent (chronoamperometry) test was measured at 0.5 V vs SCE and the EIS test was conducted at 0.15 V vs SCE. Photocatalytic test Prior to the photocatalytic test, each sample was prepared by dispersing 10 mg of the photocatalyst in 20 mL of water

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• cannot meet the requirements of the next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) due to their low capacity, sensitivity to electrolyte, and limited capability [1][2][3]. As a result, plenty of materials with high capacity and rate capability, good recyclability, and long lifetime have been proposed as

• V, corresponding to electrolyte decomposition and the resulting formation of a solid–electrolyte interface (SEI) layer [14][15][19][20][21][26][28][29][30][31][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][52]. In turn, the following discharge profiles slightly differ from the initial one. They are much shorter

• cycle of Co3O4 electrodes and it has been frequently reported for Co3O4 nanostructures with various shapes [15][21][23][24][25][26][27][30][31][34][36]. This capacity fade is usually ascribed to an irreversible electrolyte decomposition, the formation of the SEI layer, and the formation of stable Li2O

Colloidal particle aggregation: mechanism of assembly studied via constructal theory modeling

• Scott C. Bukosky,
• Sukrith Dev,
• Monica S. Allen and
• Jeffery W. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 413–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.33

• consideration. The pairwise interactions between these particles are often described by traditional colloidal Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theory [14]. Here, electrolyte ions in solution rearrange to form electric double layers near the charged surface of a particle. Although overlapping double

• layers result in repulsion between two particles, this force is constantly opposed by the attractive van der Waals force. The balance between these interparticle forces gives the total DLVO force and highly depends on system parameters, such as the electrolyte concentration and fluid dielectric constant

• fundamental framework for understanding and tuning the assembly behavior of colloidal particles, which could have implications across a broad range of fabrication techniques. Model Details First, we consider the pairwise DLVO interactions between two isolated spheres suspended in an electrolyte solution. The