Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies, and the correlation of the NP properties with the laser beam profile was studied. Three different beam profiles were selected, namely, a Bessel beam produced using an axicon, an

• structure of the formed NPs were analyzed by means of ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. Particle size and morphology

• were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using a JEOL JEM-2100F (JEOL, USA) operating with an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. For TEM and SAED measurements, the NPs were drop-casted onto copper grids covered by carbon film and dried under ambient conditions. Crystalline structure

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) doped with laser generated Au and Ag NPs were prepared using spin coating on glass substrates. Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated spherical NPs having sizes in the range of 7–43 nm for Au NPs, and 12–50 nm for Ag NPs. The deposited films had good

• thin films was analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Both sets of films exhibited a porous surface with layered structures. However, thin films made from SnS nanocolloids in DMF showed more compact NPs compared to those in IPA. This difference was attributed to the higher

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• ± 20 nm) for various periods of time up to 72 h. The growth mechanism was investigated through ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy analyses, confirming the gradual transformation of spherical seeds into

• nm. Samples were diluted tenfold with deionized water prior to measurement. To determine the morphology, particle size of the synthesized nanostructures, the samples were analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Hitachi S-4800, Japan) and transmission electron microscopy

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• , which can manifest as a metallic sheen when they are present on a substrate [47]. Surface alterations of the membranes are documented using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Figure 4). The CTA membrane’s surface appears smooth and uniform, devoid of visible defects (Figure 4a). Cross-sectional SEM

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• light scattering (DLS) is commonly used to determine liposome size and size distribution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to image liposome morphology and determine lamellarity. Zeta potential measurements assess the surface charge of liposomes, which

• ]. Different techniques are used to evaluate the characteristics of liposomes [122][123][124]. In the case of average particle size, DLS and microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), TEM, cryogenic TEM, and AFM are used to determine the size of liposomes [122]. The size of liposomes is

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• , finding numerous applications in scientific research. Deep learning models have been used to identify two-dimensional materials in microscopic images [6], characterize mineral composition in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) samples [7], and determine nanotube chirality from transmission electron

• situ imaging platforms for nanomaterials, such as environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) of CNTs [31][33] and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) of graphene growth and etching processes [34]. Snapshots from (a) the raw video of carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis on a stable

• microscopy images [8]. Here, we report on using a deep learning algorithm to automatically recognize and track individual carbon nanotubes during growth, captured in polarization microscopy video sequences. Materials and Methods CNT growth The experimental setup was previously described in [4][9]. In short

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• observed. By employing cross-sectional electron microscopy, we scrutinize the penetration depth of laser radiation or laser-affected zone, in the LIPSS-formed SS sheets, revealing a parallel trend with LSFL and HSFL spatial periodicity. Specifically, the penetration depth increases with wavelength up to

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• ) was employed to determine the chemical states of each photoanode. All photoanode morphologies were examined using field-emission transmission electron microscopy (FESEM, Hitachi SU8010). Photoelectrochemical measurements PEC experiments were performed in a conventional three-electrode cell using an

• sizes, indicating an improved crystalline quality. BiVO4(326) exhibited the largest average crystallite size (≈40 nm), consistent with the enhanced PEC performance and reduced lattice strain observed in the Raman analysis. Morphological characterization (FESEM) Field-emission scanning electron

• microscopy (FESEM) images highlighted the evolution of the surface morphology under different fabrication conditions. The transition from two-dimensional plate-like BiOI crystals to three-dimensional BiVO4 particles was accompanied by the formation of submicrometer-scale voids, indicative of grain growth and

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• stability, making PE-CEO-infused films promising candidates for biopackaging applications requiring controlled moisture permeability. The surface morphology of the biopackaging materials was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Figure 3). As shown in our previous research, nanocellulose in

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• using a previously validated method, yielding a correlation coefficient R = 0.9973 [20][21]. Transmission electron microscopy Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was carried out using a JEM-1400 microscope (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) with an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. The samples were diluted

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• (control = empty particles; rot = rotenoid-loaded particles). B) Controlled ionic gelation of CS with TPP-β-CD inclusion complex (control and rot). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of chitosan nanocomposites. A) Conventional ionic gelation of CS/TPP. B) Conventional ionic gelation of CS/TPP

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• in AFM measurements when compared to other experimental techniques such as optical microscopy or electron microscopy. This is due to the fact that the finite size of the tip apex introduces an overestimation in the lateral dimensions of the imaged object but not of its height, where AFM excels in

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• in organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, acetonitrile). In a systematic experimental series using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, electron energy

• heterogeneous catalysts or magnets. In that context, the outstanding temperature stability up to 375 °C (differential scanning calorimetry) or 500 °C (transmission electron microscopy) may motivate future application-relevant work. Keywords: amorphous; cantor alloy; compositionally complex alloy; complex solid

• . Nanoparticle characterization is done by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDX), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), complemented by tempering and laser post

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• beneficial to authenticate results using other microscopies such as electron microscopy, or spectroscopic techniques, where relevant. Importantly, computationally, PSNR average values are very close to 30 for the Celgard® 2400 membrane surface and above 32 for the titanium film, putting them within the

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• (Supporting Information File 1, Section S12) and the non-tilted condenser model was much easier to compute. To enable a more precise quantitative analysis, we first extensively characterized the gold nanospheres by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, Supporting Information File 1

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• coating, as the grains tend to grow due to recrystallization and diffusion processes, leading to changes in density and structure. The formation of a double-layer coating, as observed in the cross-section scanning electron microscopy image (inset in Figure 4c) of the annealed TiO2 coating deposited with

• deposited by (a) EBE and (b, c) IBAD before and after additional post-process annealing at 800 °C, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images of TiO2 thin films before and after post-process annealing at 800 °C deposited using (a) EBE and IBAD with (b) Iibg = 3 A and (c) Iibg = 4 A. Transmittance

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• SiC surface and stored at room temperature. The synthesized hBN and commercial BaTiO3 nanoparticles (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) were characterized using several analytical techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL ARM 200 CF, 200 keV) was employed to examine morphology and particle size by

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• structural inhomogeneities drive emergent material properties, the ability to observe such local fluctuations is increasingly vital. Single-particle imaging with several nanometers spatial and several tens of nanoseconds temporal resolution has been demonstrated using electron microscopy [71]. By integrating

• a photocathode-based ultrashort electron pulse generator into a lab-based electron microscope, dynamic imaging of single specimens via pump–probe electron microscopy became possible. For instance, a spin state transition in the metal–organic framework Fe(pyrazine)Pt(CN)4 NPs was induced by

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• –sample interaction, often leading to an underestimation of mitochondrial apparent height due to applied cantilever pressure [22][25]. Similarly, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) offers high-resolution imaging but requires mitochondria to be chemically fixed, stained, and sectioned, which precludes the

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• and 6.50 mA using an Al Kα. The morphologies and elemental analyses of rGO and the NCs were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi, S-4800). The structural analysis of these fabricated NCs was examined using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, FEI Tecnai G2

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), lamellas for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared. Experimental The Ga+ FIB is a ThermoFisher Helios NanoLab 650 and uses a gas injection system (GIS). ZeroK NanoTech Corporation has created commercially available Cs+ FIB systems based on

• of the ion beam is specified as ranging from 10 to 159 nm, changing with acceleration voltage (5, 8, 16, and 30 kV) and ion beam current. The actual thickness of each layer was measured with a standard cross section using the Ga+ FIB. All scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken with the

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• and a wider size distribution. Results and Discussions Figure 1 shows plan-view scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of nanopores fabricated in thermal (Figure 1a) and PECVD (Figure 1b) SiO2 by etching ion tracks produced with 1.6 GeV Au ion irradiation (see Experimental and Theory section for

• measured pore radii, we estimate track etch rates of 69 ± 3 nm/min for thermal and 90 ± 6 nm/min for PECVD SiO2, respectively. While the scanning electron microscopy images reveal the variation in nanopore size for PECVD SiO2 compared to thermal SiO2, as well as differences in nanopore morphology, these

• with the estimates from scanning electron microscopy analysis. It is important to emphasize that SAXS analysis provides a statistically robust characterization of polydispersity, radius, and cone angle values by sampling over 106 nanopores – a population size unattainable through microscopy analysis. A

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• process occurring at the interface between diamond and Ni nanoparticles was revealed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) [19][24]. During annealing, Ni nanoparticles etch the diamond surface, resulting in the formation of a narrow interdiffusion zone. The carbon atoms released

• . Additionally, angle-resolved NEXAFS spectra of annealed Ni-coated SCD were measured to reveal the orientation of the formed graphitic layers. After synchrotron measurements, the samples were exposed to air and further analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained

• coating upon annealing. This result confirms previously reported findings, which demonstrated the catalytic role of nickel in the reconstruction of a diamond surface [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Based on electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy data, the authors of those studies claimed that

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• studied using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) along with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Cross-sectional images are also obtained to evaluate the thickness of ZnO film. The optical properties of pristine and implanted ZnO films are investigated using a Shimadzu UV–visible

• competition between surface diffusion and ion erosion processes [34][35]. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy The surface morphology of pristine and 30 keV argon-implanted ZnO films was also studied by FESEM. Figure 8 shows the FESEM images of pristine and implanted films. To deduce the change in

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• spectra in photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) mode, in which the photon energy is scanned across the XAS edge and the intensity of the secondary electrons is detected using a PEEM. This allowed to image the shape and size of ceria nanoislands on Ru(0001) and to probe and compare the oxidation state