Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• potential multi-body model: where Fi is the immersion function of each atom in the electron gas created by electrons of all other atoms of the system; ϕij(rij) is the pair potential function; rij = |rij| = |rj − rj| is the distance between two atoms with numbers i and j; and is the background electron

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• materials exhibit strong potential for the use in implantable medical devices. For instance, Ge nanomembranes have been employed in fully biodegradable strain and temperature sensors, demonstrating proven biocompatibility and gas-free dissolution. In addition, IGZO has been utilized to fabricate transient

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• comprehensive understanding of the process flow, from the laser-induced ejection of material into the gas phase, through its processing and movement in the plume, to its eventual deposition onto a substrate. Figure 1 shows key developments in thin film synthesis and laser-based processing from 1909 to 2025

• substrate and the spray nozzle, substrate temperature, and precursor solution concentration. Additionally, the properties of the films depend on variables like the spray rate, ambient atmosphere, droplet size, carrier gas, and post-deposition cooling. One of the key advantages of this method is its ability

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• chemodynamic and gas treatment could trigger mitochondrial damage and the formation of mtROS, resulting in the production of LPO active substances and finally inducing ferroptosis [150]. Figure 3 summarizes the key mechanisms of enhanced cancer therapy, which include induction of ferroptosis, apoptosis, and

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• and carrier gas. Oxygen and water sensors monitored gas-phase contaminants at the outlet line. In situ microscopy Nanotube growth was imaged in situ using a custom-built optical setup for homodyne polarization microscopy. A supercontinuum source (Fianium SC-400-4, 2 ps pulses, 40 MHz, spectral range

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• min. Once cooled, the solution was extracted with 5 mL of n-hexane and centrifuged. 20 μL of supernatant (hexane phase) were injected directly into the GC-MS system (Mega 2 series gas chromatograph coupled to a SHIMADZU GC-MS-QP500 mass spectrometer (GC-MS) (Japan)) [60]. A 30 m × 0.32 mm capillary

• column with a 0.25 mm thick layer (66DB-5MS, Agilent Technologies, USA) was used as the stationary phase. Helium gas was used as carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with a split ratio of 1:10. The injector temperature was set to 250 °C. The oven temperature was set to 130 °C for 10 min and then

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• asymmetrical catalysis of urea to ammonia acts as a gas jet to propel the microrobots to the desired site of action [54]. 1.2 Lipoprotein-based biomimetic nanoparticles Lipoproteins are complex structures with a lipid core, usually cholesterol esters and triglycerides, surrounded by a monolayer of

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• functional theory (DFT) to explore the sensing capabilities of a ZnS (3,3) nanotube (ZnS NT) for detecting chloropicrin (CP, CCl3NO2), a highly toxic gas. To elucidate the sensing mechanism, we systematically analyze the adsorption configurations, Mulliken charge transfer, band structure, density of states

• spectra and optical conductivity peaks, highlight the potential of ZnS NT for designing sensitive and reusable CP gas sensors. Keywords: chemical sensor; chloropicrin (CP); density functional theory; zinc sulfide nanotubes (ZnS NTs); Introduction Chloropicrin (CP), also known as trichloronitromethane

• for applications ranging from ultraviolet light-emitting diodes and injection lasers to flat-panel displays and sensors [15][16][17][18][19]. ZnS, a promising transition metal chalcogenide with a wide bandgap of approximately 3.7 eV, has shown remarkable potential in gas sensing applications

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• HEA NPs could also be synthesized by inert gas condensation as stated very recently by Zhou et al. [31]. However, none of these aforementioned synthesis techniques give access to colloidal HEA NPs but to structures bound to an often very specific support material or limited to gas phase conditions. An

• organic solvents, active carbon species (radicals, permanent gases, degradation and condensation products as well as elemental carbon) were shown to form by various studies, conducting techniques such as gas-displacement quantifications and subsequent analysis via gas chromatography-coupled techniques [92

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• , and good availability, TiO2 in the form of thin films is now widely used in the development of gas sensors, photodetectors, solar cells, memristors, and photocatalysts [1][12][15][16][17]. The area of application of titanium dioxide is also related to the crystal structure in which it occurs, that is

• crucible. Diffusion and a rotary backing pumps enabled a base pressure in the vacuum chamber below 1.5·10−5 mbar. The operating pressure in the IBAD process was kept below 1.7·10−3 mbar, and the thin film coatings were deposited with an additional oxygen gas flow of 100 sccm. The ion beam gun (Advanced

• anatase and rutile phases, prepared by magnetron sputtering using continuous and pulsed gas flow processes were 0.17 and 0.24 eV, respectively. It was found that the lower value of Eu was obtained for the anatase thin film, which was directly related to the much more ordered structure of this layer, as

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• dried under nitrogen gas blow. Cs adsorption Prior to Cs adsorption, the SLGO surface was treated with aqueous solutions which were adjusted to pH 4, 7, and 9 prior to the adsorption of the Cs atoms. Solutions with pH values of 4 and 9 were adjusted with acetate and borate buffer solutions, respectively

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• such as low synthesis scalability, unavoidable defects, and inhomogeneity. Producing high-quality hBNs with controlled layer numbers depends heavily on precursor selection, ambient gas conditions, and substrate of choice [37]. Emerging solutions include both top-down (mechanical and chemical

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• alignment, from vertical to planar. Subsequently, exposure to oxygen oxidizes the adsorbed hydrogen, reforming the adsorbed oxygen on the Pd/Au surface and restoring the liquid crystal to its initial alignment. The motion of the liquid crystal can be controlled by exposure to gas mixtures of H2 and O2 with

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• temperature and load on the flowability of the composite. The sample density (ρ) was measured according to PN-EN ISO 1183-3:2003 “Plastics – Methods for Determining the Density of Non-Cellular Plastics – Part 3: Gas Pyknometer Method”, using a helium pycnometer (Anton Paar Ultrapyc 5000, Graz, Austria). The

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• ablation section, such as phase explosion, do require fast heating for the material to leave the binodal of liquid–gas coexistence and reach the critical point or the spinodal line [38]. This model offers a conceptually straightforward access to classifying structure formation according to the maximally

• heat capacity is temperature-dependent in simple metals [28] (and the scattering cross section decreases with temperature), the cooling of the electron gas tends to slow down with increasing excitation density [107]. A well-known case is gold with exceptionally weak electron–phonon coupling, such that

• the complete cooling of the electron gas could last for tens of picoseconds [23][108]. Therefore, excitation with short pulses of picosecond duration or shorter would display transient differences between electronic and phonon subsystem. This selectively heated electron gas can instigate processes

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), lamellas for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared. Experimental The Ga+ FIB is a ThermoFisher Helios NanoLab 650 and uses a gas injection system (GIS). ZeroK NanoTech Corporation has created commercially available Cs+ FIB systems based on

• standard ion columns from ThermoFisher [23]. Both the Cs+ and the Rb+ FIB are equipped with a standard Pt GIS. The same precursor trimethylplatinum, C5H4CH3Pt(CH3)3, was used for all FIBID-Pt experiments. The precursor was heated to 40 °C to create a gas flow through the GIS nozzle, with the exit of the

• limited gas flow, which leads to an overall lower increase in growth rate with increasing current density. This agrees with previous findings for Ga+ FIBID-Pt [25]. Also, for Cs+ at 5 kV, the deposition rate is lower. A possible explanation might be the broader beam diameter, which increases for lower

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• thick) grown on a 300 μm thick, polished ⟨100⟩ Si substrates using an Oxford Plasmalab 100 PECVD system. PECVD deposition was performed at 650 °C with gas flow rates of 16 sccm SiH4, 980 sccm N2, and 14 sccm NH3. Ellipsometry measurements employing a Tauc–Lorentz model revealed a deposition rate of

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• cleaned using acetone and, finally, isopropyl alcohol before the experiment. The sputtering chamber is pumped to a base pressure of 1.2 × 10−6 Torr; then a mixture of nitrogen and argon gas is introduced into the sputtering chamber with flows of 1.8 and 10.0 sccm, respectively. When the pressure inside

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• field of environmental remediation [9]. The related ability of the material to easily store and release oxygen also plays a key role in energy conversion technologies, including fuel cells and batteries [10][11]. Gas sensing applications of ceria-based materials are based on the modifications of the

• soft X-ray range. Reaction cells with an ultrathin membrane that confines the gas in a narrow region extremely close to the sample surface were applied to the study of Cu- and Fe-doped cerium oxide films during thermal treatments in hydrogen at ambient pressure [58]. The combination of ambient pressure

• XANES and gas chromatography was employed to correlate in real time the changes of the chemical state of Cu, Fe, and Ce cations with oxygen vacancy and water formation during thermal treatments in hydrogen at ambient pressure [58]. The pure ceria film, in the Ce4+ oxidation state with a dominant Ce L3

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• efficiency compared to gasoline, coal, and natural gas. Currently, hydrogen produced by water electrolysis is well accepted as an ecologically clean, sustainable method compared to other techniques, such as coal gasification and steam methane reforming [5][6][7][8][9][10]. According to reported works, Pt

• , which could reduce the catalytic activity of metallic Ni phases [52]. Meanwhile, metallic Ni phases favor the recombination of Hads to produce H2 gas, implying a perfect pair of Ni/NiO for the HER catalytic process [53][54][55]. Therefore, the Ni/NiO/SS-10 electrode exhibits higher HER activity than SS

• magnetron sputtering for basic HER. Experimental Chemicals and materials Nickel target (99.95%), Ar gas (99.9995%), and O2 gas (99.9995%) were provided by Nippon Sanso company. KOH (99.95%) was provided by Sigma-Aldrich. Deionized water (DI) was created on a Millipore Milli-Q apparatus. Commercial 304 SS

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• field, exhibit an adiabatic temperature change, enabling energy-efficient and environmentally friendly refrigeration [2]. These solid-state cooling systems are being developed as alternatives to conventional gas-based refrigeration and are especially advantageous for applications requiring tailored

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• . Aluminum foil was used to wrap the sample and the glass vessel before they were introduced into a quartz tubular furnace (Lindberg/Blue MTM Mini-Mite Tube Furnace), equipped with a temperature controller. At a very low-pressure, high-quality nitrogen gas was passed through the tubular furnace. The presence

• of nitrogen flow prevented the samples from oxidizing or being contaminated during sulfurization. The heated samples were gradually cooled down to room temperature. Throughout the experiment, the flow of nitrogen gas was kept steady. The optimal conditions were determined through trials using varying

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• their mechanical strength and hydrophobicity. Recent studies have revealed that inorganic salt mixtures, such as zinc chloride and calcium chloride, effectively dissolve cellulose, facilitating the fabrication of cellulose membranes for gas separation and organic pollutant removal [38][39]. Specifically

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• supercapacitors [35][36] fast spintronics [37], electrochromic devices [38][39], catalysts, and gas sensors [40][41], [42][43]. The characteristic p-type conductivity of this transition metal oxide is related to the presence of oxygen interstitials and the inherent nickel deficiency which leads to the formation

• corresponding CL spectrum. XPS measurements provide valuable information on the electronic structure and properties of the NiO samples, which strongly support the development of potential applications including gas sensors and optical resonators [43][47]. Conclusion SPEM is a synchrotron-based technique

• spectroscopy can provide an elemental, chemical, and electronic mapping of sample surfaces in the pristine form or after/during their response to external stimuli such as temperature changes, electric and magnetic fields, and light and gas exposure. In the first example chemical heterogeneous layered

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). This research investigates the influence of varying deposition parameters, including substrate temperature and ambient gas composition, on the structural, morphological, and superconducting properties of the films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction

• the optimal combination of above parameters demonstrated the highest Tc of 6.3 K, signifying superior superconducting behavior. Analysis by XPS manifests the presence of stable oxygen impurities. The oxygen source is the residual gas inside the growth chamber. Quintanar-Zamora et al. provided evidence

• frequency of 7.5 Hz, the substrate-to-target distance was 5 cm, and the incident energy density was 4.88 J·cm−2. We studied the stoichiometry and properties of the thin films as a function of gas pressure by introducing N2 to realize RPLD. At this time, the ion pumps were closed and isolated from the PLD