Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• organisms through enzymatic polymerization of organic substrates such as sugar and glycerol [11][31]. The main difference between BC and other plant-derived CNFs is the absence of certain functional groups (except alcohol) and polymers (lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin) in BC [32]. Therefore, BC is known

Optical orientation of nematic liquid crystal droplets via photoisomerization of an azodendrimer dopant

• Sergey A. Shvetsov,
• Alexander V. Emelyanenko,
• Natalia I. Boiko,
• Alexander S. Zolot'ko,
• Yan-Song Zhang,
• Jui-Hsiang Liu and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 870–879, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.81

• investigated. The origin of these transitions is in the change of the boundary conditions due to photoisomerization of the dendrimer adsorbed onto the liquid crystal–glycerol interface. It was shown that the photoisomerization processes of dendrimer molecules in a liquid crystal are accompanied by a spatial

• between the surface and the bulk. Recently, it was shown that NLC photo-orientation due to the azobenzene dopant photoisomerization can also occur at the interface between nematic and isotropic liquid [28]. It is known [29] that NLC microdroplets in the bulk of glycerol usually have bipolar orientational

• adsorbed dendrimer molecules are mostly oriented perpendicularly to the NLC–glycerol interface and align the NLC molecules in the same direction. The UV irradiation causes the trans→cis isomerization of the dopant, the cis isomers of the terminal moieties provide the planar alignment of NLC. In our

Bombyx mori silk/titania/gold hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting: combining renewable raw materials with clean fuels

• Stefanie Krüger,
• Michael Schwarze,
• Otto Baumann,
• Christina Günter,
• Michael Bruns,
• Christian Kübel,
• Dorothée Vinga Szabó,
• Rafael Meinusch,
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 187–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.21

• authors also showed that methanol is the most efficient sacrificial agent when compared to isopropanol, glycerol, and glucose [25]. A further study by Jose et al. focused on the effect of TiO2 modification (anatase and/or rutile). These authors observed that TiO2 P25/Au mixed systems performed best in the

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• hydrophilic character of the hairs is demonstrated by the formation of a concave meniscus when a droplet comes into contact with the hairs (Figure 6C). By using the cryo-technique, frozen specimens could be investigated in an SEM and the interface between droplets containing a glycerol–water mixture and the

• (Nelumbo nucifera), the leaf surface of Glycine max L. does not show self-cleaning properties, which are generally indicated by low tilting angle or low contact angle hysteresis. Cryo-SEM investigations showed that droplets of a water–glycerol mixture are in the Cassie–Baxter wetting regime with only

• decreased CA. While XP ED 28-11 and XP ED 28-12 contain only diglycerol, XP ED 28-14 (a technical surfactant), is composed mainly of monoglycerol, with low amounts of tri- and tetraglycerol. Here it is assumed that the high amount of mono-glycerol, which is less polar, caused the wax alterations and

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids used as additives in the nanolubrication of silicon surfaces

• Patrícia M. Amorim,
• Ana M. Ferraria,
• Rogério Colaço,
• Luís C. Branco and
• Benilde Saramago

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1961–1971, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.197

• improvement of the tribological behavior of the same type of sliding pairs when 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulfate was added to the model lubricant fluid (glycerol). They attributed this to sulfur species in the tribofilm. Gusain et al. [15] synthesized bis-imidazolium ILs that proved to be efficient as

• anions, methylsulfate ([MeSO4]), n-buthylsulfate ([n-BuSO4]) and octylsulfate ([OcSO4]), as oil additives to lubricate steel surfaces and got different results. They found that friction did not improve with respect to that obtained with the base oil (glycerol), except under high shear conditions. Among

• ] performed better because they formed thicker, more compact surface films. However, comparison with pure glycerol did not show a significant improvement [39]. All these results indicate the beneficial influence of the presence of IL additives depends strongly on the chemical nature of both ILs and the

Phospholipid arrays on porous polymer coatings generated by micro-contact spotting

• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Monica de Freitas,
• Lea-Marie Tröster,
• Tobias Jochum,
• Pavel A. Levkin,
• Michael Hirtz and
• Harald Fuchs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 715–722, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.75

• chloroform with 1 mol % fluorescent dye admixture. The chloroform was evaporated and lipids were reconstituted with an ethanol and glycerol mixture in 7:3 v/v ratio. The ink was loaded onto a freshly oxygen plasma activated SPT and directly used for spotting. When varying the contact time between SPT and

• reconstituted with ethanol and glycerol (87%) in a 7:3 v/v ratio. Glycerol was added to prevent the premature drying of the ink on the SPT. Probes were filled with 0.5 µL ink, mounted onto the probe holder and used directly for spotting on unmodified poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• imidazole). HTRA2 was then eluted with 6 column volumes of elution buffer II. Fractions containing HTRA2 were pooled, concentrated, buffer exchanged into storage buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 10% glycerol), shock-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80 °C. The protein concentrations were

Comparison of four functionalization methods of gold nanoparticles for enhancing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

• Paula Ciaurriz,
• Fátima Fernández,
• Edurne Tellechea,
• Jose F. Moran and
• Aaron C. Asensio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 244–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.27

• serum albumin (BSA) were added and shaken for 10 min. Thereafter the sample was centrifuged (7,500g 30 min) to remove unbound protein and AuNPs were re-suspended in 1 mL of 2 mM borate buffer pH 8.7 containing 5% sucrose, 2% glycerol, 0.5% BSA, and 0.01% Tween. The washing step was repeated once and the

• allowed to react for 10 min and purified by centrifugation at 7,500g for 30 min. The AuNP probe was re-suspended in 1 mL of borate buffer pH 8.7 containing 5% sucrose, 2% glycerol, and 0.01% Tween. The washing step was repeated once and the complex was re-suspended in 100 μL of mentioned buffer. The

• , AuNP-Ab-HRP complexes were washed twice at 18,000g for 30 min and re-suspended in 300 µL Tris-HCl 20 mM pH 8.8 20% glycerol and 1% BSA. The complex concentration was measured by absorption at 520 nm and kept at 4 °C until use. In all cases, the incubation of the proteins with AuNPs was made at room

Effective intercalation of zein into Na-montmorillonite: role of the protein components and use of the developed biointerfaces

• Ana C. S. Alcântara,
• Margarita Darder,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1772–1782, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.170

• biopolymer films were prepared by casting methods (Figure 7). For this it is necessary to add a certain amount of glycerol as plasticizer component in the blank films to reduce their high brittleness. The light transmittance of zein bionanocomposites was higher for films containing Z-MMT_S2, but in the

• behavior was observed for pure zein and starch films, and in these cases glycerol was added as plasticizer in order to use them as reference. The Young´s modulus of the Z/Z-MMT_S2 film is 1.2 GPa, about 2.5 times higher than that of the unmodified film of zein (0.5 GPa), being analogous to that reported by

• Nedi et al. [21] in thermoplastic zein films modified with 5 wt % of MMT and using 25 wt % poly(ethylene glycol) as plasticizer. This loading of Z-MMT_S2 seems to act simultaneously as reinforcing filler and plasticizer in the zein matrix, reducing its brittleness even in the absence of glycerol

Hydrophilic silver nanoparticles with tunable optical properties: application for the detection of heavy metals in water

• Paolo Prosposito,
• Federico Mochi,
• Erica Ciotta,
• Mauro Casalboni,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Iole Venditti,
• Laura Fontana,
• Giovanna Testa and
• Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1654–1661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.157

• the lateral displacement is ±0.05 Å. Tungsten tips were chemically etched in a solution of NaOH and glycerol. Characterization of AgNP-3MPS nanoparticles in H2O (synthesis a): (a) UV–vis spectrum; (b) DLS measurements: <2RH> = 8 ± 2 nm; (c) ζ-potential measurements: ζ = −34 ± 5 mV. Absorption spectrum

Preparation of alginate–chitosan–cyclodextrin micro- and nanoparticles loaded with anti-tuberculosis compounds

• Albert Ivancic,
• Fliur Macaev,
• Fatma Aksakal,
• Veaceslav Boldescu,
• Serghei Pogrebnoi and
• Gheorghe Duca

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1208–1218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.112

• . tuberculosis H37Rv inocula were first passaged in radiometric 7H12 broth (BACTEC 12B) until the growth index (GI) reached 800–999. For the fourth replicate experiment, H37Rv was grown in 100 mL of Middlebrook 7H9 broth supplemented with 0.2% glycerol, 10% OADC (oleic acid, albumin, dextrose, catalase), and

Gold nanoparticles covalently assembled onto vesicle structures as possible biosensing platform

• M. Fátima Barroso,
• M. Alejandra Luna,
• Juan S. Flores Tabares,
• Cristina Delerue-Matos,
• N. Mariano Correa,
• Fernando Moyano and
• Patricia G. Molina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 655–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.58

• (SH). After, the AuNPs photochemically synthesized in pure glycerol were mixed and anchored onto SH–DOPC vesicles. The data provided by voltammetry, spectrometry and microscopy techniques indicated that the AuNPs were successfully covalently anchored onto the vesicle bilayer and decorated vesicles

• AuNPs photochemically synthetized in glycerol and using a covalent bond between the nanoparticle and the surface. Recently, we have reported [26] the synthesis of AuNPs in pure glycerol without additional stabilizers and using ultraviolet irradiation for a few minutes. In this synthesis, the glycerol

• acts as the solvent for the synthesis reaction as well as the reducing agent. Therefore, this work describes the self-assembly of AuNPs photochemically synthesized with two different irradiation times (8 and 13 min) in glycerol onto vesicle structures. After the optimization of some analytical features

Fabrication and properties of luminescence polymer composites with erbium/ytterbium oxides and gold nanoparticles

• Julia A. Burunkova,
• Ihor Yu. Denisiuk,
• Dmitri I. Zhuk,
• Lajos Daroczi,
• Attila Csik,
• István Csarnovics and
• Sándor Kokenyesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 630–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.55

• ); SiO2 nanoparticles, 7 nm in diameter (Aldrich no. 066K0110, SiO2 NPs); glycerol, sodium hydroxide; 1-butanol. The resulting nanoparticles and nanocomposites were characterized by TEM (JEOL-2000FXII equipped with Oxford Link Be window X-Ray spectrometer). Despite the good topographical imaging of the

Efficiency improvement in the cantilever photothermal excitation method using a photothermal conversion layer

• Natsumi Inada,
• Hitoshi Asakawa,
• Taiki Kobayashi and
• Takeshi Fukuma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 409–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.36

• cantilever. A small droplet of colloidal graphite dispersion was formed using two glass probes that were controlled by the micromanipulator. The diameter of the small droplet was approximately 20 μm. We found that the coating with aqueous solution was difficult due to water evaporation. Thus, glycerol (23 wt

• % of total liquid weight) was added to the coating solution. The addition of glycerol enables highly reproducible coating of the PTC layer. To remove the glycerol and water, the coated cantilever was heated at 200 °C for 2 h under reduced pressure (<3 × 10−3 Pa) using a vacuum oven. Figure 3a,b shows

• . To control the surface coverage of colloidal graphite on a cantilever, the aqueous dispersion was diluted with Milli-Q water. We added glycerol (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) to each aqueous dispersion to obtain a final concentration of 23 wt % in order to prevent water evaporation in the coating

Hemolysin coregulated protein 1 as a molecular gluing unit for the assembly of nanoparticle hybrid structures

• Tuan Anh Pham,
• Andreas Schreiber,
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva),
• Stefan Schiller and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 351–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.32

• % glycerol) of proteins (supplied by the Schreiber group) was removed with PD Spin Trap G-25 from GE Healthcare. The proteins were dissolved in water with 100 mM NaCl. Au NP Hcp1_cys3 network The Au NPs were used directly after synthesis. The NP concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance of the

Ultrastructural changes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induced by positively charged silver nanoparticles

• Dulce G. Romero-Urbina,
• Humberto H. Lara,
• J. Jesús Velázquez-Salazar,
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez,
• Eduardo Larios,
• Anand Srinivasan,
• Jose L. Lopez-Ribot and
• Miguel José Yacamán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2396–2405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.246

• % glycerol. Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC): To assess the growth inhibition of the bacterial strains MSSA (UAMS1) and MRSA (TCH1516), they were submitted to determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AgNPs by serial dilution in 96-well plates in a similar manner

Nanostructured surfaces by supramolecular self-assembly of linear oligosilsesquioxanes with biocompatible side groups

• Maria Nowacka,
• Anna Kowalewska and
• Tomasz Makowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2377–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.244

• ≈1700 cm−1 and emergence of diffuse bands in the formed PSAMs was observed). Surface energy of LPSQ-COOH/X coated on native mica The surface free energy (γS) of each studied PSAM sample was determined by measuring the contact angle of water and glycerol as reference liquids (sessile drop technique and

• groups (e.g., SH, NH, OH and COOH). Their ability for the formation of hydrogen bonds with probe liquids (H2O and glycerol) defines the wettability and chemical specificity of the modified supports (Figure 10a). The results are in accordance with ATIR-FTIR data (Figure 3). Citric acid, which was shown to

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• workers. The recovery of these solvents through conventional distillation process is often energy-intensive. Therefore, in case of NPs synthesis, scientists focused on safer solutions, such as solventless systems or non-toxic solvents, i.e., the water/glycerol system [92][126][127]. Energy efficiency

• , starch and glycerol [130][131][132][133]. Reduction of derivatives: Derivatization processes, such as blocking, protection, and temporary physical or chemical alteration should be limited, since they introduce additional chemicals and increase energy consumption and waste generation [116][118]. In the

• Ag NPs were 21 and 39 nm respectively [38]. Carboxylic acids Lai et al. produced superparamagnetic Fe3O4 NPs from FeCl3 using a mixture of water and glycerol as solvent and L-arginine as stabilizing agent. L-arginine is an amino acid that is naturally produced and therefore it is considered to be a

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• [95]. Samples containing 0.2 µg of protein were heated for 5 min at 95 °C in sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan hydrochloride) pH 6.8, 2% (w/v) SDS, 0.1% (w/v) bromophenol blue, 10% glycerol, 100 mM dithiothreitol) and separated on 15% PA gels. Fixed gels were stained with

• buffer (10 mM SPP pH 7.2, 0.1% (w/v) bromophenol blue, 10% glycerol) were applied per lane. TMV bands were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R250. Zeta potential determination and charge calculation The zeta potential was measured with a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• (C6) (Mw 350.43), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), acetic acid, sulforhodamine B (SRB), trypan blue, ribonuclease A (RNase) from bovine pancreas (Mw 13,700; solution of 50% glycerol), propidium iodide (Mw 668.39, purity ≥ 94%) and Triton XTM-100 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA

• endo-lysosomal compartments) for 1 h. The cells were washed with PBS and mounted on a glycerol-based medium with DAPI for nuclear staining. Acquisitions were performed with a Leica TCS SP5 II confocal laser scanning microscope (Leica Microsystems, Germany) in emission mode. Untreated cells were also

Coating with luminal gut-constituents alters adherence of nanoparticles to intestinal epithelial cells

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Katrin Ramaker and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2308–2315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.239

• , the transwell filters were embedded in Mowiol-Dabco (10% (w/w) Mowiol 4-88, 25% (w/w) glycerol, 2.5% (w/w) 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 8.5) on object slides. In all binding studies, cell viability was assessed by microscopical inspection of cell morphology after every incubation

Real-time monitoring of calcium carbonate and cationic peptide deposition on carboxylate-SAM using a microfluidic SAW biosensor

• Anna Pohl and
• Ingrid M. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1823–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.193

• Supporting Information File 2. The phase vs time and amplitude vs time plots are shown in Figure 4. Experimentally, the procedure is very fast and easy to perform, since the experiment is simply followed by an injection of an appropriate viscous substance. In this case, 5% aqueous glycerol was used. The

• s, and t2 = 4700 s (Figure 4A), the phase difference for glycerol is 5.4° (Figure 5A). In the second step, this factor is used for calculating the normalized phase where, in principle, the "viscosity effect" should be eliminated. In the case of glycerol, the phase is normalized to −0.075° ± 0.074

• , Germany) used in this study combines a four channel microfluidic system with SAW detection and is equipped with an efficient software-driven access for automated sample processing and data analysis. The injection of a glycerol reference is a useful technique to separate the mass signal from the viscosity

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• enzyme-linked immune assay (ELISA) kits from Becton Dickinson according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Western blots Whole cells were lysed with 2× Lämmli SDS Buffer (160 mM Tris·HCl pH 6.8, 4% SDS, 20% glycerol, 4% ß-mercaptoethanol). The cell lysates were boiled at 95 °C for 5 min, probe sonified

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• of sugars, glycerol by transesterification of fats and oil triglycerides (biodiesel process), and furfural by hydrolysis of lignocellulose and agricultural byproducts (corncobs, wheat bran, etc.), which makes them especially attractive. In addition to individual compounds, mixtures can be used to

• fuel cells is higher than that of hydrogen (93–95% vs 83%) [39]. The partial electrochemical oxidation of fuels can also be used to produce valuable chemical products, e.g., acetaldehyde from ethanol or fine chemicals from glycerol, along with energy generation (“the chemical co-generation process

• energy density of ethylene glycol (EG) is comparable to those of methanol and glycerol (Table 1), However, the complete electrooxidation of EG to CO2 and H2O, a ten-electron process, has not been achieved [96]. The electrochemical oxidation of EG on Pt yields a mixture of products: glycolic acid and CO2

The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles

• Dominic Docter,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Dana Westmeier,
• Hajo J. Galla,
• Qiangbin Wang,
• James C. Kirkpatrick,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.151

• 12,000 rpm/4 °C); this procedure was repeated three times. After the third washing step, the supernatant did not contain any detectable amount of protein. Proteins were eluted from the particles by adding SDS sample buffer (62.5 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8; 2% w/v SDS, 10% glycerol, 50 mM DTT, 0.01% w/v