Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• , liver-targeted nanocarriers are needed to increase the drug concentration in the liver with minimum off-target effects. For this purpose, both passive and active targeting strategies of nanomedicine-based drug deliveries have been studied. Liposomes, micelles, solid lipid NPs, and gold NPs are examples

• hydrophilicity [25]. For instance, the passive liver targeting strategy highly depends on the size of nanocarriers as the endothelial fenestrations of liver sinusoids span approximately 50–200 nm in diameter (Figure 2a). In their study, Hirn and co-workers revealed that 50% of small gold NPs (around 1.4 nm) were

• accumulated in the liver after systemic administration. As the size was increased into 200 nm, the fraction of gold NPs accumulated in the liver was further increased to 99% [26]. The fact that around 80–90% of all macrophage population resides in the liver also contributes to the passive accumulation of NPs

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• , leading to superior functionality and enhanced metal sensing capabilities [111]. He et al. developed fluorescent fibers from alginate reinforced with gold (Au) nanoclusters by using a wet-spinning technique [112]. The fluorescent fibers exhibited good selectivity and sensitivity towards Cu2+ and Hg2

• detecting H2O2. The researchers obtained broad linearity between 5 and 1000 M H2O2, a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 M, good accuracy (3.5%), recovery (95–105%), and high selectivity. Gold nanoparticles loaded on a hydrogel based on alginate (Alg) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) showed excellent

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• Abstract The present study investigates the effects of input wavelength (1064, 532, and 355 nm) and surrounding liquid environment (distilled water and aqueous NaCl solution) on the picosecond laser ablation on silver (Ag), gold (Au), and Ag/Au alloy targets. The efficacy of the laser ablation technique

• investigated the impact of 355, 532, and 1064 nm wavelengths on picosecond laser ablation of silver, gold, and silver/gold alloy samples within two distinct liquid media: distilled water (DW) and aqueous NaCl solution. Significant variations in the productivity and size of NPs were observed across different

• . Stability tests revealed that NPs in the electrolyte (NaCl) solution displayed a quicker decline in SERS signal than those obtained in DW, despite satisfactory initial signal strengths. However, gold NPs in DW demonstrated optimal long-term stability, maintaining uniform SERS intensities over 60 days

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• 1) or by the use of gold whiskers for direct electrical contact (configuration 2, called sample 2). Sample 1 in a shows a bolometer configuration with lateral contact pads for micro-nano integration with potential for high integration densities. However, the initial devices in this configuration 1

• hot plate as well as the modulated laser beam [18]. Both configurations, with metal contact pads (sample 1) and direct gold whisker contacts (sample 2), were characterized. The resulting I–V curves and the device resistance as a function of the temperature are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6

• contact pads and (b) sample 2 with direct contacts using gold whiskers with a diameter of 20 μm. (c) Responsivity measurement setup using a preamplifier and (d) responsivity as well as noise measurement setup using a lock-in amplifier. Panels (a) and (b) do not represent the real dimensional relationships

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• Evangelos Voyiatzis Eugenia Valsami-Jones Antreas Afantitis NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom 10.3762/bjnano.15.81 Abstract The thermal response of gold and platinum

• possess a higher level of crystallinity than the gold counterparts under the same conditions because of the stronger cohesive forces that drive the crystallization process. This observation is also supported by the simulated X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the nanomaterials. The larger NPs have a

• employed to study other metallic and metal oxide nanomaterials. Keywords: crystallization; gold; molecular dynamics; nanoparticles; platinum; Introduction Nanomaterials, that is, materials with dimensions in the range of 1–100 nm [1][2], are central to a variety of developments in science and technology

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• measurements of interfacial potential by means of the extended-gate structure combined with ferrocenyl–alkanethiol-modified gold electrodes [110]. This structure uses reusable back-end detection parts and disposable front-end biosensing chip parts. A quasi-reference electrode is made using Ag/AgCl. The front

• -end biosensing parts are made using gold electrode material and manufactured by a lithography process, liftoff technique, and metal evaporation process. It has been indicated that the proposed EG FET-based biosensors exhibit super selectivity and high sensitivity for a reliable detection of uric acid

• bilayer of gold and TiO2 was used for the drain and source electrodes [112]. The body channel length is equal to 1 µm, and the cavity region thickness varied from 5 to 10 nm. It was demonstrated that BE TC OTFT is four times more sensitive compared to the metal-trench dielectric-modulated organic tunnel

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• beam-induced deposition (FEBID). It was recently achieved for gold deposits by the co-injection of a water precursor and the gold precursor Au(tfac)Me2. In this work results are reported, using the same approach, on a different gold precursor, Au(acac)Me2, as well as the frequently used platinum

• precursor MeCpPtMe3. As a water precursor MgSO4·7H2O was used. The purification during deposition led to a decrease of the carbon-to-gold ratio (in atom %) from 2.8 to 0.5 and a decrease of the carbon-to-platinum ratio (in atom %) from 6–7 to 0.2. The purification was done in a regular scanning electron

• microscope using commercially available components and chemicals, which paves the way for a broader application of direct etching-assisted FEBID to obtain pure metallic structures. Keywords: FEBID; gold; nanofabrication; platinum; purification; Introduction Focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• glycerin (descending) and ethanol (ascending) mixtures. Afterwards, samples were dehydrated in an ascending ethanol series and dried using a Leica EM CPD300 (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) critical point drier. The tarsi were mounted on SEM stubs and sputter-coated with 10 nm gold–palladium in a Leica Bal-TEC

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• of metal and oxygen atoms as descriptors in metal oxide models [15][16]. It is also common to find single-element descriptors based on the physicochemical properties of pure elements. The use of single-element descriptors is trivial in single-metal nanoforms, such as silver or gold nanoparticles [17

Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material

• Veronika Pálos,
• Krisztina S. Nagy,
• Rita Pázmány,
• Krisztina Juriga-Tóth,
• Bálint Budavári,
• Judit Domokos,
• Dóra Szabó,
• Ákos Zsembery and
• Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65

• high-performance scanning electron microscope (JSM-6380LV, JEOL, Japan), with a resolution of 3.0 nm. Before the measurements, all the samples were fixed on a tape and coated with gold using a JFC-1200 Sputter Coating System (JEOL, Japan). Images of the samples were taken at 1000×, 5000×, and 10000

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• silicon (100) substrates (Siegert Wafer). These substrates were covered with a nucleation layer in the form of gold nanoislands sputtered using a turbomolecular-pumped coater Quorum Q150T ES. CuO films were obtained according to the following procedure. First, an aqueous solution of copper(II) acetate

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• into heat energy is an intrinsic optical property of metal nanoparticles when irradiated using near-infrared radiation. However, the impact of size and shape on the photothermal behaviour of gold nanomakura particles possessing optical absorption within 600–700 nm as well as on incorporation in

• hydrogels is not well reported. In this study, nanomakura-shaped anisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNMs) were synthesized via a surfactant-assisted seed-mediated protocol. Quaternary cationic surfactants having variable carbon tail length (n = 16, 14, 12) were used as capping for tuning the plasmon peak of

• gold nanomakura within a 600–700 nm wavelength. The aspect ratio as well as anisotropy of synthesized gold nanomakura can influence photothermal response upon near-infrared irradiation. The role of carbon tail length was evident via absorption peaks obtained from longitudinal surface plasmon resonance

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• % for gold [68][69] to a completely oxidized bulk volume, for example, for nickel [70]. In contrast, laser reduction in water leads to the reduction of metal salts and, thus, to the nucleation of metallic nanoparticles [36][71]. Hence, water acts as an oxidizing agent in the context of LAL, LFL, and LML

• resulting in nanoparticles, depicting the ambivalent behavior of ROS. Nanoparticle surface oxidation during LSPC can either be suppressed by degassing the water used [86][87] or amplified by adding salts such as NaCl [88]. Ziefuß et al. found an inverse linear trend during the LFL of gold when correlating

• the ionic strength of the added salts and the obtained gold particle size (Figure 2). The surface oxidation increased with the anion’s surface charge density until a plateau of around 60% was reached. A further increase in ionic strength showed no change in surface oxidation, which was attributed to

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• , the dry pretarsal arolium and tarsal euplantulae were dissected at the centre using two fine tweezers to achieve a clean breaking edge. The samples were mounted on aluminium stubs and sputter-coated with a 10 nm layer of gold–palladium (Leica BalTec SCD 500, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). The images were

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• , section S1 for more details on the simulation). Sidewall slope evolution under FEBIE To experimentally study the modification of the sidewalls of a FEBID structure, carbon structures were first deposited on a silicon substrate with a 20 nm gold–palladium layer and a 5 nm titanium adhesion layer. The

• substrate with a 20 nm gold–palladium layer and a 5 nm titanium adhesion layer. The line was patterned in 500 passes with a dwell time of 500 µs, using a 5 keV beam and 100 pA current with a defocus of 100 nm. Prior to the FIB milling the line was covered with a protective layer of FEBID Pt/C from the

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• thermal stability, high polarity, low vapor pressure, and low toxicity, which makes DESs promising candidates for the replacement of thousands of industrial solvents [24][25]. DESs are so versatile that they have been used for nanomaterials synthesis [26][27]. Regarding plasmonic materials, gold

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• employ the properties of transition metals and metal oxides (e.g., cobalt, iron, cerium, and gold), which can generate a cycle of reduction and oxidation stages [20][21][22][23]. Among these metal oxides, cerium oxide-based nanomaterials have been deeply studied with regard to the mechanisms of CAT

• . Subsequently, V−OH recovers to V=O by reacting with another H2O2 in the presence of GSH [43][44][45]. Recently, Liu et at. constructed a trimetallic alloy nanozyme of gold, copper, and platinum, which exhibits multiple enzyme activities including that of GPx [46]. In this nanocomposite, platinum and copper

• sites are responsible for the adsorption, activation, and dissociation of the reactants, while the desorption occurs at the gold sites. The combination of multiple metals significantly improves the catalytic efficiency through synergistic effects. The nanocomposites not only disrupt the redox

Insect attachment on waxy plant surfaces: the effect of pad contamination by different waxes

• Elena V. Gorb and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 385–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.35

• up, avoiding any contact, for cutting off the legs. Air-dried samples (parts of plant organs and clean or contaminated insect legs) were mounted on holders, sputter-coated with gold–palladium (thickness 8 nm for plants and 10 nm for insects), and examined in a Hitachi S-800 scanning electron

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• measurements and Raman spectroscopy, is shown in Figure 1a. Two instances of zero and non-zero strain are also depicted. The setup has two stepper motors acquired from Standa Inc. The contacts on the NCG were made by gold-coated spring pressure contacts, which were then connected to a BNC connector and a

• increase of resistance in amorphous carbon and gold films at large strain is crack formation. Also, in NCG, which is full of GBs and defects, crack formation and propagation have to be considered [36]. Assuming nanocrack formation at the GBs, we could understand the entire piezoresistance curve in the

• in the structure shown in Figure 1b using e-beam lithography. There were no metal films deposited on NCG, and the electrical contact was made between gold spring contacts and NCG directly. For Raman measurements, S1805 (1:10 dilution with PGMEA) was spin-coated on both sides of the flexible glass

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• method is effective for loosely bound monodisperse particles such as polystyrene latex or gold particles. However, it can be challenging when dealing with highly agglomerated and cohesive particles such as TiO2, especially for laboratories without prior experience. The authors have chosen to use “E171

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• metal crack sensors that exhibit exceptional performance in terms of ultrahigh sensitivity and ultrahigh stretchability. This is achieved by incorporating a helical structure into the substrate through a modeling process and, subsequently, depositing a thin film of gold onto the polydimethylsiloxane

• microcracks in the Au thin film. The resistance of the sensor is altered when strain is applied because of the separation of overlapping scales and the generation of cracks in the gold thin film. The strain sensor is fabricated through a straightforward preparation method, resulting in an exceptionally high

• , upon release, cracks form randomly, as depicted in Figure 1a. During the tensile loading process, as shown in Figure 1b, two neighboring gold strips lose contact, resulting in the gradual generation of gaps accompanied by a few isolated microcracks. With further stretching, an increase is observed in

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• , as they increase permeability and retention effect in solid tumors, enabling precise application to the targeted cells. Various structures such as silica-based conjugates, inorganic polymers, ceramic nanomaterials, gold, iron oxide, and noble metal nanoparticles have been utilized [9][10]. Among the

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• niobium and titanium targets [33] in an ATC2200 from AJA International Inc., with a deposition rate of roughly 3 nm/min. (b) Pads and markers. A lift-off process defines the gold contact pads and alignment marks. We spin a 400 nm thick photoresist (maN1407), bake on a hotplate at 100 °C for 60 s and

• expose with a dose of 450 mJ/cm2 using an MLA150 from Heidelberg Instruments. We develop the pattern in maD533s for roughly 45 s and then deposit 10 nm chromium and 40 nm of gold by electron-beam evaporation in an Auto306 from Edwards Vacuum. Lift-off in mrREM700 removes the resist mask, and the

Quantitative wear evaluation of tips based on sharp structures

• Ke Xu and
• Houwen Leng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 230–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.22

• optimizing scan parameters to minimize tip wear while maintaining high-quality AFM imaging. All wear test experiments were conducted using a new needle tip to scan samples of a Si sample coated with gold. The needle tip diameters in each group of experiments were kept similar, avoiding the impact of

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• were applied to gold foils. A system equipped with a Solartron 1260A frequency response analyzer, a Solartron 1296A dielectric interface, and a supervisory computer was prepared to determine the impedance parameters of the obtained structures. The impedance characteristics of the obtained samples were