Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• can further enhance the electrical conductivity of the non-conductive material [11]. These islands can act as conductive bridges between graphitic regions, and, at sufficient density, form a percolating network that significantly reduces resistance. The resulting hybrid system consisting of a

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• , directly addressing the clinical targeting needs highlighted in the aforementioned signaling pathways. RRS analysis showed that the hybrid probe (probe I–cell–probe II) was more sensitive to marker determination than a single probe, while improving detection of cells expressing both markers. The authors

• targeting Mycoplasma hyorhinis and aptamers targeting SPP1 (Table 2). 4.1 Peptide aptamers targeting SOX2 protein or its binding partners Peptide aptamers consist of amino acid sequences and can be screened by yeast two-hybrid [65], phage display [66], or molecular docking prediction techniques [67]. The

• , and requires expensive equipment for detection. Aptamer-based hybrid sandwich biosensors reduce the probability of false negative diagnoses caused by only detecting a single biomarker, enable minimally invasive or non-invasive sample collection, and can use readily available clinical samples such as

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• intercalate beneath graphene at around 220 °C, initiating a slower, undercover oxidation of copper to Cu2O. This process is a galvanic reaction facilitated by graphene’s high conductivity, enabling electron transfer from copper to oxygen atoms. However, the graphene/Cu2O hybrid structure slows further

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• synthesis, hybrid system integration, and machine learning optimization. Together, these approaches aim to establish a comprehensive, scalable, and environmentally safe solution for the remediation of MPs in wastewater systems. Keywords: artificial intelligence; membrane technology; microplastic

• discharge [54]. Advanced strategies for MP mitigation demonstrate diverse mechanisms and operational advantages. Hybrid systems combining ceramic ultrafiltration membranes with photocatalytic reactors offer high removal efficiency (up to 99.9%) and reduced membrane fouling, but are limited by high costs and

• material classification or pattern recognition [138]. Hybrid and optimization based techniques including response surface methodology (RSM), particle swarm optimization (PSO), recurrent neural networks (RNN), and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) are useful in handling complex data types and

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• makes it possible to design complex fully quantum hybrid “field + solid state” systems for quantum computing and developing a fully quantum interface between superconducting and photon platforms. Also, the developed transmon-based qudit can be used as an electromagnetic field detector, which allows one

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• possible to optimize them for specific applications and tasks. The present work is a development of earlier publications by the authors [14][15][16]. The cobalt thin films studied in this work can be a component of superconductor–ferromagnetic hybrid nanostructures, which are the basis for the formation of

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• environment, thus serving as a foundational element in the realization of high-performance bioresorbable electronic systems. Fabrication strategies and scalability of bioresorbable electronics Hybrid architectures that combine the high-performance characteristics of inorganic electronic components with the

• , limiting their mechanical compatibility with soft, flexible bioelectronic systems. Additionally, challenges in fully sealing encapsulation interfaces remain unresolved. To address these issues, hybrid organic–inorganic materials have been proposed to enhance barrier performance by artificially increasing

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• number of approaches have been adopted to the formation of semiconducting nanowires and hybrid nanostructures by PLAL, including one-dimensional nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoribbons, as well as two-dimensional nanosheets and nanobelts [13][20][21]. Exemplary applications of laser ablation techniques for

• the preparation of non-spherical NPs are the fabrication of semiconductor nanowires such as hybrid CdS [20] and ZnS nanowires [21]. Si nanowires can also be prepared by laser ablation [4][5]. However, the synthesis is typically performed in gaseous atmosphere, and the developed approaches require high

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• . Moreover, the applicability of Langmuir model confirms that the adsorption occurs on specific, identical sites of the CNTs-G5 surface (Figure 4c,d and Supporting Information File 1, Table S2). A recent study has observed multilayer adsorption in graphene/CNT-PAMAM hybrid materials [48], supported by

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• . Drugs or genetic material can be carried by these cylindrical nanoparticles and directed towards specific cells through external stimuli such as a magnetic field or light [12]. A new nanoscale drug delivery system has been developed by using carbon nanotubes and a carbon nanotube–graphene hybrid to more

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• , including the ability to produce nanomaterials with precise control over size, shape, and composition, all under environmentally friendly conditions. The ability to generate complex nanostructures, from NPs to hybrid nanomaterials, is particularly valuable for advancing fields like optics, bioelectronics

• empirical relationship based on the gap distance between the blade and the substrate, g, and c, the concentration of solid material in the ink in grams per cubic centimeter, and the density of the material, ρ in grams per cubic centimeter [112]: Thin films of ZnO and Ag/Au–ZnO hybrid nanomaterials were

• approximately 15 to 40 nanoparticles per μm2. The hybrid materials exhibited plasmon resonance absorption of the Au NPs. Shorter EPD times maintained the properties of graphene, while longer deposition times resulted in the conversion of graphene to graphene oxide due to its electrochemical oxidation [132

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• , hybrid systems can overcome the disadvantages of each component of the hybrid system. Hydrogel systems included with liposomes demonstrate exceptional chemical tunability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These hybrid platforms offer enormous potential for facilitating tissue regeneration or for

• of the metal polyphenol network hybrid liposome was 198 nm with a spheroidal shape and a zeta potential of approximately −15 mV. Nebulization resulted in approximately 8.2 times higher lung accumulation than intravenous injection. Co-delivery of a gallic acid-Fe metal polyphenol network and

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• release behavior, targeting ability, and surface modifications [12][13][14][15]. A variety of nanoparticles have been researched including liposomes, polymer NPs, solid lipid NPs, and hybrid NPs [16]. Nanoscale drug carriers with the advantage of high penetration, long circulation, and significant

• , proteins, and lipids, in addition to being biocompatible [47]. For this reason, cancer membranes are also preferred for vaccine delivery [48]. Some researchers incorporated RBC membrane components into cancer cell membranes to form a hybrid membrane, which facilitates simultaneously circulation in blood

• after intravenous administration and fusion with cancer cells to deliver payload intracellularly (hybrid cell membrane). However, the cell membrane-coated nanoparticles targeting efficiency is not universal as it does not always result in successful targeting, may be due to host–donor mismatch or intra

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• crystal microactuators a promising option for actuation in autonomous systems such as microrobotics. Providing chemical energy to power mobile microsystems can potentially eliminate the requirement for intricate wiring that comes with electrical actuation. The hybrid nanoarchitectonics of liquid crystals

• , Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), into the organic ionic plastic crystal N,N-diethylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide [249]. The fabricated organic–inorganic hybrid solid electrolyte underwent a series of evaluations, including thermal, mechanical, and electrochemical analyses, with the objective of elucidating the

• system reverts to its original state. It was demonstrated that the gold nanorods are capable of significant lateral diffusion, exhibiting a considerable distance of movement. Hybrid materials comprising anisotropic nanoparticles and polymer brushes were designed and subjected to dynamic control

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• also shown that AgNPs actively improve the electrochemical characteristics of different electrode materials. Salve et al. reported a noteworthy charge-storing capacity of 367.16 mF/cm2 of the synthesized hybrid material, PGE/AgNPs/CS (pencil graphite electrodes/silver nanoparticles/chitosan) [15

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• producing hybrid materials which combine these two forms of carbon [1][2][3]. In particular, such graphene-on-diamond heterostructures have been shown to be attractive for power electronics [4][5], microelectronic devices [6][7], and detectors [7][8]. At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, carbon in

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• Berlin, Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109 Berlin, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.64 Abstract Hybrid materials consisting of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and graphitic-like carbon have great potential for practical application as anodes in high-performance sodium-ion batteries

• source was simultaneously deposited in vacuum on the surfaces of MoS2, pyrolytic carbon, and a hybrid sample obtained by transferring a pyrolytic carbon film onto the MoS2 film. According to XPS data, sodium easily penetrates into the space between the vertical layers of the uncoated film, and its

• additives have been proposed as an effective way to solve the problem of electrical conductivity and stability of MoS2 anodes [6]. To date, several hybrid MoS2–carbon anode materials have been developed, which have demonstrated excellent cycling stability and rate performance in SIBs, as well as high

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• inhibit amyloid fibrillation. By attaching two peptide inhibitors (VVIA and LPFFD) to the surface of AuNPs using Au–S bonds, they created hybrid AuNPs that prevented oligomerization and reduced β-sheet formation, promoting random coil structures instead. The combined effect of these hybrid AuNPs was

Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral

• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Yailen Costa Marrero,
• Tania Farias Piñeira,
• Céline Fontaine,
• Lexane Paget,
• Beatriz Concepción Rosabal,
• Arbelio Penton Madrigal,
• Vitalii Petranovskii and
• Gwendoline Lafaye

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40

• calcium cations leaving the zeolite, as proven by XRD. In line with expectations for a natural zeolite, the studied materials exhibited hybrid type-I/IV adsorption isotherms (see Figure S2 in Supporting Information File 1), indicating the presence of both microporous and mesoporous structures. The

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• mRNA and activity, Jääskeläinen et al. demonstrated that linear PLLs with average molecular weights (Mn) of 4, 20, and 200 kDa exhibited no enhancement on PS-ODN activity [75]. Conversely, Marano et al. showed that a series of hybrid lipid–lysine dendrimer–ASO conjugates resulted in 40–60% reduction in

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• equivalent of KMnO4 (added in two steps of 3 equiv each) were used relative to the graphite powder used. Chloroquine binds to the surface of graphene oxide nanosheets through noncovalent π–π interactions between the quinoline ring of Chl and the sp2 hybrid π-bonded carbon framework of graphene oxide. The

• ). Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1a, reveals the appearance of characteristic bands around 230 nm and 295 nm for GO which corresponds to π–π* and n–π* electronic transitions, respectively. The observed high intensity π–π* plasmon peak around 230 nm is attributed to well-defined nanoscale sp2 hybrid π

• could be attributed to increased graphitic amorphization [45]. Finally, the change in the ID/IG ratio for graphite (0.065) and GO (0.929) corresponds to the number of defects relative to the sp2 hybrid honeycombed graphitic domain in each compound, respectively. On the other hand, a decrease in the ID

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• significant photocatalytic activity in the degradation of antibiotics; they are given below in Table 3. Bismuth metal oxides such as Bi2WO6, Bi2MO6, BiVO4, and Bi2Ti2O7 are also gaining attention for their possible use in antibiotic degradation. The hybrid oxides mostly comprise Bi2O3 and various metal oxides