Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• the lateral direction are observed, akin to vertical steps from left to right, which indicate the interfaces between adjacent fibrils. Fibrils also oscillate with respect to the fiber axis, both laterally and “vertically” (i.e., into and out of the surface plane), reflecting the well-known pleated

• additional insights into these fiber nanostructures. Fibrils in Kevlar® stiffness maps (Figure 6c) were clear with compliant longitudinal bands at the interfaces between adjacent fibrils. In addition, gradations in transverse stiffness were observed in the longitudinal direction, coinciding with adjacent

• quantitatively analyzed both lateral and longitudinal line scans within each of these maps. Lateral topography line scans in Kevlar® (Figure 7a) showed sharp jumps of up to tens of nanometers near fibril interfaces, likely reflecting interfaces between “stacks” of fibrils [11][18]. In contrast, Technora® lateral

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• accessibility to active sites and unstable MOFs/substrate interfaces. Therefore, further studies are required to develop binder-free electrodes by in situ synthesis of MOFs on conductive substrates, such as nickel foam, copper foil, and carbon cloth, to overcome the aforementioned limitations and advancing the

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• flat conducting substrates, such as metal surfaces and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions, at solid/air or solid/liquid interfaces [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Although UHV-STM offers high-resolution imaging, it requires large, complex, and expensive

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• consisting of many layers and interfaces. The study and the comprehension of the mechanisms that take place at the interfaces is crucial for efficiency improvement. In this work, we apply frequency-modulated Kelvin probe force microscopy under ambient conditions to investigate the capability of this

• containing numerous layers and interfaces [1]. The capability to conduct local investigations at the nanoscale level that provide information on the electrical properties of materials and along physical interfaces is becoming crucial for solar photovoltaic device efficiency improvement [2]. Electrical

• potential at the surface of the investigated structure and that of the KPFM probe [4]. KPFM has been extensively used in the PV field [5][6][7]; more specifically, by the analysis of interfaces in a solar device [8][9], it can reveal the presence of unintentional potential barriers or pn junctions, which

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• same time, wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB ≥ 7 GHz) remains a great challenge. A good strategy is to form hierarchical heterostructures, characterized by diverse components, abundant heterogeneous interfaces, multiple reflective paths, and enrichment of structural defects [18][19][20

• . Figure 2c clearly shows the two kinds of interfaces, that is (1) the interface between a SiC core and a carbon shell and (2) the interface between the carbon phase and a ZnO particle. The (111) and (002) interplane spacings of, respectively, β-SiC and ZnO can be seen (Figure 2d,f), while the carbon is an

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• expression through nanoarchitectonics. Shi and co-workers created nanoparticle surfactants at liquid–liquid interfaces by exploiting the interaction between nanoparticles and polymer ligands [101]. They showed that a size-dependent aggregation of nanoparticle surfactants can be generated at the interface

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• controlled due to extremely localised heating [38]. For increasing the spatial distribution of the generated heat, compared to an individual nanoparticle, nanoparticle assemblies and/or increased interfaces (by including constructions such as holes and other scattering centres) within a single nanostructure

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• temperature [9]. At low temperature, that is, below the so-called hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) temperature (THLB), the poly(oxyethylene) (POE) chain is highly hydrated, and therefore these surfactants self-assemble at interfaces with positive curvature and are able to form O/W droplets. At

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• : Heterojunctions, which are the interfaces between two different semiconductors, increase the charge carrier separation efficiency with increased kinetics and strong redox ability. This enhances the photocatalytic capabilities of photocatalysts [101][119][156][157][158][159][160][161]. Depending on how the

Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• boundary conditions can successfully describe the interfaces between, among other things, a superconductor and weak or strong ferromagnets [22][23][24], normal metals [25][26][27], and half-metals [28]. The first attempts to implement nonstationary, adiabatic, quasiclassical boundary conditions were made

High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density

• Ryo Izumi,
• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18

• high-resolution nanoscale measurements of impurity concentration and defect level distributions at the surfaces and interfaces of various semiconductor materials and devices. (a) Schematic of the metal tip–gap–semiconductor sample. (b) Energy band diagram of the metal–gap–semiconductor sample. Emission

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• Adrien Chauvin Walter Puglisi Damien Thiry Cristina Satriano Rony Snyders Carla Bittencourt Plasma-Surface Interaction Chemistry, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, 7000 Mons, Belgium Chemistry of Surfaces, Interfaces and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50

Cooper pair splitting controlled by a temperature gradient

• Dmitry S. Golubev and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.7

• -transparency barriers at NS interfaces [20][21] and later extended to the case of arbitrary barrier transmissions [22][23][24][25]. Positively cross-correlated non-local shot noise was indeed observed in a number of experiments [26][27]. Real-time observation of Cooper pair splitting was also reported in a

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• interfaces of nanofilms on the magnetic properties). Experimental studies on the subject of work are associated with a number of difficulties, and related results are planned to be published in following papers. Problem statement for the complex study of cobalt and niobium heterostructures. The sketch of the

Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Nobuyuki Ishida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129

• this subtraction are shown in Figure 5a. In all the data, a voltage drop occurs at the Au electrode–solid electrolyte interfaces, and the potential change in the solid electrolyte region is constant. These results are direct experimental evidence that the electric field in the solid electrolyte was

• voltage drop across the Au1 electrode–solid electrolyte interface was greater than across the Au2 electrode–solid electrolyte interface. This asymmetric potential drop arises from the differences in the electrochemical properties of the two interfaces. As the DC voltage increased, the potential of the Au2

• reduction of Ti ions. These results prove that, even if the DC voltage is accurately controlled, the electrode potential depends on the electrochemical properties of the interfaces, and that simply measuring the potential relative to ground using KPFM is not sufficient to analyze the electrochemical system

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• following values n0 = 1021−1023 m−3, μ = 10−15 to 10−17 m2/Vs. The analysis of the I–V characteristics within the framework of Schottky barrier formation makes it possible to estimate the height of potential barriers at the metal/polymer interfaces utilizing the Richardson expression [18]: where T is the

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• light, which can be explained as follows: The photocurrent density of MoS2/TNAs promptly increased because of the efficient separation of the e−–h+ pairs at the interfaces between TNAs and MoS2 [58] and the rapid transfer of the photo-induced electrons from MoS2 to the TNAs electrode [59]. This result

Density of states in the presence of spin-dependent scattering in SF bilayers: a numerical and analytical approach

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Valeriia D. Pashkovskaia,
• Nikita A. Parkhomenko,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Boris G. Lvov,
• Alexander A. Golubov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1418–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.117

• θ↑ and θ↓. In other words, we are not considering spin-active interfaces. In the case of spin-active barriers, one should use the boundary conditions introduced in [87][97][98], rather than the standard Kupriyanov–Lukichev boundary conditions in Equation 6 and Equation 7. The parameter γ determines

• . Analytical result for the interfaces with low transparency and qualitative picture Here, we employ the analytical expression (Equation 20) obtained in the limit of low proximity and thin F layer. Considering the problem in such limit makes it possible to use a simple expression for the qualitative

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

• Matthias Mail,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Wilhelm Barthlott,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

• Salvinia-like biomimetic surfaces are permanent over years, like in many air–water interfaces a neustonic microbial biofilm (“Bacterioneuston”), usually associated with fungi, becomes established under non-sterile and non-turbulent conditions rather fast. On the MSM already after one month the air–water

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• obvious biological models are no guarantee for success, and that it is difficult to arrive at a formalised biomimetic working scheme. Rather, a broad understanding of biological function and its complexity is beneficial. Keywords: air-retaining interfaces; bioinspiration; biomimetics; biomimicry; blast

• furnace; Collembola; gas/liquid interfaces; interfacial effects; persistant air layers; pits; Salvinia molesta; surfaces; tuyère failure; water transport in plants; xylem; Young–Laplace equation; Introduction and Motivation The basic concept of biomimetics is the derivation of technical applications from

• , persistence of the gas pockets within the structured surface should be energetically favourable over their displacement. The interfaces that separate the gas pockets from the liquid iron should form autonomously, that is, without the need for external manipulations. The typical dimensions of the structures

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• wetting properties of a natural leaf surface. Keywords: recrystallization; surface properties; wax composition; wetting; wheat; Introduction Cuticle One of the largest interfaces on earth is formed by thin layers that are a few nanometers to micrometers thin, namely the wax layers of the plant cuticle

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• of topography and surface properties of interfaces in a wide range of environments [1]. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) utilizes the application of a bias and a conductive probe to map the local electrical properties of an interface at the nanoscale [2], allowing for the determination of the

• of corrosion, sensing, solar cells, energy storage devices, and bioelectric interfaces [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Since its first application in 1991 [2], there have been significant developments in the field of KPFM [6][9][10] with significant advances in both temporal [11][12][13][14] and spatial

• ]. Whilst the application of DC bias is not required for OL operation it can still be utilized to allow CPD to be determined via bias sweeps [28][40] or to investigate gate-dependent potential profiles of interfaces [22][41][42]. There are a wide range of OL KPFM techniques beyond those examined in this

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• , Germany Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany Bayreuth Center of Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• –substrate interfaces, which promotes the wetting of the gallium melt [14][15]. Similarly, room-temperature-liquid eutectic Ga–In and eutectic Ga–In–Sn alloys have been reported to reactively wet thin indium and tin foils [16]. Also in [16], the authors demonstrated that the wetting of the same liquid alloys

• and calculate the corresponding work of adhesion Wad as suggested in [19] for solid interfaces. The authors measured the adhesion between atomically smooth quasicrystalline surfaces of TiN-coated AFM tips in ultrahigh vacuum by analyzing the pull-off force during atomic force spectroscopy measurements

• the surface energy of the tip material, the lower the interfacial energy between the tip and the Ga–In–Sn eutectic melt becomes. This result is so far expected as forming a tip–liquid interface rids areal parts of the tip–vapor and the Ga–In–Sn eutectic melt–vapor interfaces and, thus, decreases the

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• defined structures and flow characteristics. Thus, they are good experimental tools for the observation of crystallization process. The interfaces among the laminar fluids in microfluidic channels can be recognized as soft boundaries of crystallization zones. In the reaction–diffusion zone confined by

• liquid–liquid interfaces (soft boundary), crystallization of a 2D coordination polymer ([Cu(4,4′-bpy)](NO3)2, 4,4′-bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine) was investigated [102]. By changing the flow rate ratio between the focusing streams and the reagent fluids, the size and concentration gradient of the reaction

• into void-free structures [137]. The unavoidable interparticle voids limit interparticle interactions among the crystals, making the assemblies difficult to control. To solve this problem, assembling was tried in confined spaces, such as droplets, liquid–liquid interfaces, on the surface of substrates