Amplified cross-linking efficiency of self-assembled monolayers through targeted dissociative electron attachment for the production of carbon nanomembranes

• Sascha Koch,
• Christopher D. Kaiser,
• Paul Penner,
• Michael Barclay,
• Lena Frommeyer,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Patrick Stohmann,
• Tarek Abu-Husein,
• Andreas Terfort,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2562–2571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.256

• energy range of 50–100 eV [10][11][12], but has also been realized through UV irradiation [13], ion irradiation in a helium ion microscope [14], and through high-energy electrons in the keV energy range [15]. In this context, the cross-linking is attributed to partial fragmentation of the monomers also

Ion beam profiling from the interaction with a freestanding 2D layer

• Ivan Shorubalko,
• Kyoungjun Choi,
• Michael Stiefel and
• Hyung Gyu Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 682–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.73

• yield of graphene, γC/Ga+ = NC/NGa+ ≈ 0.7. In reality, the removal of carbon atoms from the lattice leads to a lower probability of collision events during subsequent ion incidence. Thus, it leads to the decrease of sputter yield with increasing ion irradiation dose, as described in [14]. The obtained

Nitrogen-doped twisted graphene grown on copper by atmospheric pressure CVD from a decane precursor

• Ivan V. Komissarov,
• Nikolai G. Kovalchuk,
• Vladimir A. Labunov,
• Ksenia V. Girel,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Mikhail S. Tivanov,
• Algirdas Lazauskas,
• Mindaugas Andrulevičius,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Viktoras Grigaliūnas,
• Šarunas Meškinis,
• Sigitas Tamulevičius and
• Serghej L. Prischepa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 145–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.15

• in ammonia plasma [62] or N-ion irradiation [63]. To the best of our knowledge, there is only one article where N2 gas was used as the nitrogen source during the CVD growth [64]. In our opinion, the main difficulties in using N2 gas as a nitrogen source arises from the fact that nitrogen molecule

Numerical investigation of depth profiling capabilities of helium and neon ions in ion microscopy

• Patrick Philipp,
• Lukasz Rzeznik and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1749–1760, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.168

• investigated [19][20]. In the same context, the sputtering and collection of polymer fragments on a metal substrate and their subsequent analysis by SIMS can be mentioned [21][22]. In this work we investigate how light rare gas ion irradiation affects damage formation and sputter processes in multi-layered

Experimental and simulation-based investigation of He, Ne and Ar irradiation of polymers for ion microscopy

• Lukasz Rzeznik,
• Yves Fleming,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.104

• lateral resolutions to be achieved. However, fragmentation occurring under such monoatomic primary ion irradiation implies a loss of molecular information for organic and biological samples. This can be partially compensated by the use of isotopically labelled molecules. In life sciences, imaging with

• HIM. For polymer samples, the rare gas species can diffuse out of the sample and analysis results are not altered by this process. Figure 5 and Figure 6 show only the results for the ion irradiation of polyethylene, but the same observations have been made for the other polymers investigated in this

• . The equilibrium regime with constant partial sputter yields is reached faster and the difference between maximum partial sputter yield for F and H at the beginning of the ion irradiation and the equilibrium partial sputter yield is smaller. The influence of the primary ion species remains however the

Influence of the shape and surface oxidation in the magnetization reversal of thin iron nanowires grown by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Luis A. Rodríguez,
• Lorenz Deen,
• Rosa Córdoba,
• César Magén,
• Etienne Snoeck,
• Bert Koopmans and
• José M. De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1319–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.136

• [31]. Moreover, experiments where the halo was eliminated by means of ion irradiation already indicated its relevant role played in the magnetization reversal [28][29]. ii) Effects produced by the oxidized top layer of 5 nm. The oxidized top layer of 5 nm is expected to play some role in thin

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• method [16][17]. A large number of wires up to 1010 cm−2 can be grown simultaneously. In particular, in the case of polymer templates created by ion irradiation and chemical track-etching, nanowires with various shapes such as cylindrical, conical and biconical, with lengths between 1 and 100 μm, and

Effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites prepared by carbothermal evaporation method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• D. K. Avasthi and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 928–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.96

• prepared by carbothermal evaporation of ZnO and Cu, combined with annealing. The effects of 90 MeV Ni7+ ion irradiation on the structural and optical properties of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–visible

• degradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes under sun light irradiation and it was observed that swift heavy ion irradiation results in significant enhancement in the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO–CuO nanocomposites towards degradation of MB and MO dyes. The possible mechanism for the

• nanocomposites. Keywords: nanocomposites; nanosheets; ion irradiation; photocatalysis; ZnO–CuO; Introduction Semiconductor nanocomposites have gained significant attention in the last few decades due to their widespread applications. Various physical and chemical methods such as carbothermal reduction [1

Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires

• Alberto Milani,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Valeria Russo,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Franco Cataldo and
• Carlo S. Casari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 480–491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.49

• cross-linking effects and thus requires in situ characterization techniques, as reported in many papers [7][47]. A similar approach was exploited using thermal or laser vaporization cluster sources [6][48]. sp carbon has also been produced by ion irradiation of amorphous carbon [49] and by femtosecond

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• channels; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); Introduction Track-etched membranes are fabricated by heavy-ion irradiation of polymer foils and subsequent chemical etching of the ion tracks [1][2]. By controlling the etching parameters, cylindrical and conical channels can be fabricated by symmetric

Boosting the local anodic oxidation of silicon through carbon nanofiber atomic force microscopy probes

• Gemma Rius,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Soichiro Matsui,
• Masaki Tanemura and
• Francesc Perez-Murano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 215–222, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.20

• solid amorphous carbon, while a CNT is a tubular crystalline nanomaterial, therefore we expect both common and distinctive features of CNF as a tool for LAO-AFM, as compared to CNT probes. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time the use of CNF for SPL. Our CNFs are batch grown by ion

• -irradiation upon commercial AFM silicon probes [17][18]. We do not only show the good performance of CNF-AFM probes for LAO-AFM in terms of resolution and reproducibility, but our experimental results demonstrate that CNF apex provides enhanced conditions in terms of field-induced chemical process efficiency

Synthesis of Pt nanoparticles and their burrowing into Si due to synergistic effects of ion beam energy losses

• Pravin Kumar,
• Udai Bhan Singh,
• Kedar Mal,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Indra Sulania,
• Dinakar Kanjilal,
• Dinesh Singh and
• Vidya Nand Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1864–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.197

• sputtering and local defects are produced by Sn) leading to the synthesis and burrowing of Pt NPs is evidenced. The Pt NP synthesis mechanism and their burrowing into the silicon is discussed in detail. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; burrowing of nanoparticles; medium-energy ion irradiation; nuclear and

• been employed [20]. The ion irradiation of thin metallic films deposited on a suitable substrate (with lower surface energy) leads to the synthesis of metal NPs embedded into the substrate. The energy losses of the ions (not the ion itself) are mainly responsible for the resulting nano-structuring. The

• inside the chamber before and during deposition was 2 × 10−7 and 3 × 10−6 mbar, respectively. The samples (Pt–Si, 10 × 10 mm) were irradiated using an ECRIS-based, upgraded version of the old low energy ion beam facility (LEIBF) [37] at IUAC, New Delhi. Ion irradiation was carried out in a vacuum chamber

A study on the consequence of swift heavy ion irradiation of Zn–silica nanocomposite thin films: electronic sputtering

• Compesh Pannu,
• Udai B. Singh,
• Dinesh. C. Agarwal,
• Saif A. Khan,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Ramesh Chandra,
• Hiro Amekura,
• Debdulal Kabiraj and
• Devesh. K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1691–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.179

• , India National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.5.179 Abstract Zn–silica nanocomposite thin films with varying Zn metal content, deposited by atom beam sputtering technique were subjected to 100 MeV Ag ion irradiation. Rutherford backscattering

• film. The process of size-dependent electronic sputtering of Zn is explained on the basis of an inelastic thermal spike model. The possibility of direct cluster emission is explained by pressure spike built inside the track, initiated by a temperature spike. Keywords: ion irradiation; nanocomposites

• ] showed that growth as well as a reduction in size of nanoparticles occur upon SHI irradiation, depending on the size of nanoparticles and the interparticle separation. Awazu et al. [9] reported an upper limit and lower limit for the elongation of nanoparticles. It is observed that ion irradiation raises

Microstructural and plasmonic modifications in Ag–TiO₂ and Au–TiO₂ nanocomposites through ion beam irradiation

• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra,
• Venkata Girish Kotnur,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi,
• Thomas Strunskus,
• Vladimir Zaporotchenko,
• Dietmar Fink,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Franz Faupel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.154

• chosen matrix was silica because of the fact that the effect of swift heavy ion irradiation of silica in terms of creating an ion track is well understood [27][28][29]. To summarize, the nanoparticles grow in size if they are close to each other and their sizes are smaller than the diameter of ion track

• result in reduction, growth, or elongation of nanoparticles in a controlled manner and thereby facilitating the tuning of the SPR wavelength of the nanocomposite system. In the scenario described here, the aim was to study the swift heavy ion irradiation of noble metal nanoparticles embedded in a matrix

• been reported but such studies about metal–TiO2 nanocomposites would be very interesting. Titania is a wide band gap semiconductor, and the tuning of the SPR in such a matrix by ion beam irradiation is another aim of the present work. Hence, the effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on metal–TiO2

Fabrication of carbon nanomembranes by helium ion beam lithography

• Xianghui Zhang,
• Henning Vieker,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 188–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.20

• revealed the dose-dependent coverage, i.e., the relative monolayer area, whose density of cross-links surpassed a certain threshold value, as a function of the exposure dose. A complete cross-linking of aromatic SAMs by He+ ion irradiation requires an exposure dose of about 850 µC/cm2, which is roughly 60

• formed is still missing. Further modification and patterning of SAMs have been achieved by using ion irradiation (e.g. Ar+, Ga+, Si+, etc.), which leads to the desorption and the fragmentation of molecules [14][15]. High energy helium ions passing through polymer films modify the macroscopic properties

• that an excessive exposure to He+ ions (>4000 µC/cm2) leads to a damage of the CNMs, which is attributed to the swelling of the Au substrate from ion implantation [24]. A complete cross-linking of NBPT SAMs by He+ ion irradiation requires an exposure dose of approximately 850 µC/cm2, which is roughly

Synthesis of embedded Au nanostructures by ion irradiation: influence of ion induced viscous flow and sputtering

• Udai B. Singh,
• D. C. Agarwal,
• S. A. Khan,
• S. Mohapatra,
• H. Amekura,
• D. P. Datta,
• Ajay Kumar,
• R. K. Choudhury,
• T. K. Chan,
• Thomas Osipowicz and
• D. K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 105–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.10

• 10.3762/bjnano.5.10 Abstract The ion-irradiation induced synthesis of embedded Au nanoparticles (NPs) into glass from islands of Au on a glass substrate is studied in the context of recoiling atoms, sputtering and viscous flow. Cross sectional transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the

• formation of Au NPs embedded in the glass substrates by the 50 keV Si− ion irradiation of irregularly shaped Au nanostructures on the glass surfaces at a fluence of 3 × 1016 ions/cm2. The depth profiles of Au in the samples were obtained from high-resolution Rutherford backscattering spectrometry studies

• mechanisms. Several methods are used for the fabrication of nanostructures. Among them, ion irradiation and ion implantation are two well established tools for the synthesis of nanostructures on the surface or embedded NPs [6][7][8][9][10][11]. The atom beam sputtering technique has been used in our group

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares Materials Research Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.3.97 Abstract The combination of electrodeposition and polymeric templates created by heavy-ion irradiation followed by chemical track

• , including investigations on electrical resistivity, surface plasmon resonances, and thermal instability. Keywords: electrodeposition; etched ion-track membrane; finite-size effects; heavy ion irradiation; nanowire; radiation-induced nanostructures; Introduction During the past decade, nanowires have

• ion-track dissolution and formation of channels by chemical etching. Control over the irradiation and etching conditions enables the production of various membranes with channels of predefined geometries, sizes and aspect ratios. 1.1.1 Swift heavy-ion irradiation: Swift heavy-ion beams are provided at

Nano-structuring, surface and bulk modification with a focused helium ion beam

• Daniel Fox,
• Yanhui Chen,
• Colm C. Faulkner and
• Hongzhou Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 579–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.67

• focused helium ion beam to selectively modify and mill materials. The sub nanometer probe size of the helium ion microscope used provides lateral control not previously available for helium ion irradiation experiments. At high incidence angles the helium ions were found to remove surface material from a

• observe the extended effects of the modification process. Figure 4c is a bright field TEM image of the area of the sample after controlled sidewall modification by helium ion irradiation. Figure 4d is a HAADF image of the same area. A rectangular hole is observed at the center of the image, this was

• the thickness map. This profile shows the sloping thickness of the wedge fabricated by helium ion irradiation, followed by the hole where the beam penetrated the lamella. Finally, the circular feature is observed to have rapidly varying thickness. The hole has a non-zero thickness due to the

Nanolesions induced by heavy ions in human tissues: Experimental and theoretical studies

• Marcus Bleicher,
• Lucas Burigo,
• Marco Durante,
• Maren Herrlitz,
• Michael Krämer,
• Igor Mishustin,
• Iris Müller,
• Francesco Natale,
• Igor Pshenichnov,
• Stefan Schramm,
• Gisela Taucher-Scholz and
• Cathrin Wälzlein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 556–563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.64

• after single-ion irradiation. The left-hand image shows the aimed targeting of chromo centers (red crosses) for single-ion irradiation by using Hoechst 33342 (grey scale) as a marker in the nuclei of living MEF cells. The right-hand image shows the same nucleus after fixation at 5 min after irradiation

Formation of precise 2D Au particle arrays via thermally induced dewetting on pre-patterned substrates

• Dong Wang,
• Ran Ji and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 318–326, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.37

• laser heating [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], ion irradiation [21][22][23][24], and electron irradiation [25]. Dewetting proceeds by surface diffusion even in the solid state well below the melting temperature of the film [9][10][11]. In addition, metals such as Ni, Ag, Co, and Au have a weak

Preparation and characterization of supported magnetic nanoparticles prepared by reverse micelles

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Luyang Han,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 24–47, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.5