A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• blood tests, urinalysis, sputum induction, and magnetic resonance imaging of the chest and abdomen. After oral exposure, the silver content in the serum and urine was analyzed and no clinically abnormal changes were noted in the lungs, heart, or abdominal organs. Also, no morphological changes were

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• ruffles moving beneath the pipette opening. Slightly higher rms amplitudes may also be due to different temperature because fixed cells are measured at room temperature, while live-cell imaging is carried out at 37 °C. Frequency response behavior Owing to the fact that morphological changes at the cell

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

• Hana Krýsová,
• Michael Neumann-Spallart,
• Hana Tarábková,
• Pavel Janda,
• Ladislav Kavan and
• Josef Krýsa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 24–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.2

• on its surface (Figure S6, Supporting Information File 1), the surface of an FTO substrate covered by a thin conformal Al2O3 film does not show any significant morphological changes after the electrochemical treatment (Figure S7, Supporting Information File 1). The cathodic breakdown of FTO is also

Imaging and milling resolution of light ion beams from helium ion microscopy and FIBs driven by liquid metal alloy ion sources

• Nico Klingner,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Paul Mazarov,
• Wolfgang Pilz,
• Fabian Meyer and
• Lothar Bischoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1742–1749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.156

• thickness. Milling membranes removes their support from one side and dangling bonds can lead to morphological changes making milling tests difficult to interpret. In metal layers of a few nanometers thickness, sputter redeposition can take place, which is not taken into account in our static SRIM simulation

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

• Atasi Chatterjee,
• Christoph Tegenkamp and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

• could not be identified visually nor be reproducibly generated. This contrasts with experiments where the smallest constriction was reduced by one order of magnitude down to about 15 nm using a focused ion beam (FIB), i.e., far below the average grain size in the Ag film, in which complex morphological

• changes were absent [28]. Thus, we have a well-defined reference system generated by EM. Therefore, it seems meaningful to obtain more details about the thinning process induced by EM in this system from the information contained within the experimental conduction histograms and their FTs. Furthermore

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• applied to a variety of PEs. Multilayer capsules formed on such a variety of cores can reveal specific characteristics and are mostly studied using microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe their morphological changes. Moreover

• screening effect on multilayer bonds [44]. Similar morphological changes were observed when the temperature dependence of electrostatically bound capsules was studied with various PEs that are thermo-responsive [45]. Additionally, the effect of the dissolution of the core on the permeability of capsules was

• approached, the morphological changes in PVP/PMA capsules were seen with the decrease in multilayer thickness due to disruption of hydrogen bonds [50]. When the same was cross-linked by carbodiimide chemistry, the swelling was observed at higher pH, leading to the formation of highly swollen hydrogels. To

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• effect becomes clearly visible at 400 °C and increases further for higher temperatures (Table 1). To evaluate the morphological changes more quantitatively, we introduced a criterion based on the length of the facet: if the NP is smaller than 10% of its total visible perimeter, then it is classified as

• °C has been reported even for particles exceeding 100 nm in diameter [6]. To explain the rounding, it is probably more appropriate to consider the diffusion of surface atoms rather than complete melting. Another important factor for heat-induced morphological changes, overlooked by many other studies

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• kidney cells. Si-NPs induced time- and concentration-dependent neuronal cell death by production of reactive oxygen species and reduction of glutathione levels [12]. Similarly, Si-NPs led to morphological changes, concentration-dependent membrane damage, decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• and O2 reactions have been the subject of intense experimental and theoretical investigations [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Of particular relevance are investigations that shed light on the morphological changes that occur on the electrodes during the Li/O2 electrochemical reactions. Jung et

• charge transfer resistance, improves the kinetics of the reaction. Topographical observations using AFM AFM was used to monitor morphological changes on the glassy carbon cathode surface. The topography images in Figure 3 and Figure 4 each show one of the nine scanned regions at two different water

• cell discharge capacity at increased water concentration and the corresponding morphological changes on the glassy carbon cathode with this technique. For all measurements, the discharge was cut-off at 2 V vs Li and the recharge was cut-off at 4.6 V vs Li or 100% state-of-charge (SOC). Across different

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• route to establish novel composites based solid state symmetric hybrid supercapacitors. Our synthesized composite based electrode can be expected to become a strong competitor for energy storage in hybrid electric vehicles. Schematic illustration shows the morphological changes during different

Mechanism of silica–lysozyme composite formation unravelled by in situ fast SAXS

• Tomasz M. Stawski,
• Daniela B. van den Heuvel,
• Rogier Besselink,
• Dominique J. Tobler and
• Liane G. Benning

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 182–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.17

• units. The morphological changes of the composites further continue beyond 150 s. This is documented through the change in the form factor of the silica NPs that appear to grow in size, compared to the pre-mixed initial NPs. Although we cannot use our model to explain this last stage, we can speculate

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• -15) cancer cells at 48.5 μg/mL treatment. The apoptotic induction of CaP@5-FU NPs was confirmed with acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and by examining the morphological changes with Hoechst and rhodamine B staining in a time-dependent manner. The apparent membrane bleb formation was

• this assay, drug-induced apoptosis was confirmed by CaP@5-FU NP treatment. Hoechst 33342 and rhodamine B Apoptotic cells show specific characteristic features such as morphological changes, nuclear fragmentation, and cytoplasmic constriction [41]. The nucleic acid specific dye Hoechst 33342 and the

• cytoplasmic dye rhodamine B were used to stain the cells treated with an IC50 concentration of CaP@5-FU NPs incubated for different time periods. The morphological changes can be effectively tracked by microscopic examination after the staining procedure. Hoechst 33342 is a fluorescent DNA intercalating dye

Thickness-dependent photoelectrochemical properties of a semitransparent Co₃O₄ photocathode

• Malkeshkumar Patel and
• Joondong Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2432–2442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.228

• electrodes with a potential of 1.65 V vs a Co3O4 electrode in 400 mL of an alkaline bath (1 M KOH). The measured current value is presented in Figure 6b for a current density of 25 mA·cm−2 that is stable over a period of 24 h. In order to see the morphological changes after 24 h, the Co3O4 electrodes were

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• pure carbon matrix and are also in agreement with the SEM images (Figure 1), indicating that the surface area decreases with the Si content, due to morphological changes of the carbon matrix. Morphological changes during lithiation/delithiation With the aim to understand the reason for the strong

Dumbbell gold nanoparticle dimer antennas with advanced optical properties

• Janning F. Herrmann and
• Christiane Höppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2188–2197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.205

• screening, are known to alter the plasmon coupling, and thus, the optical response. Furthermore, antennas with sub-nanometer gaps are more sensitive to deviations from the ideal sphere geometry, gap size fluctuations and morphological changes [27]. Therefore, dark-field spectra are recorded of individual CB

Comparative study of sculptured metallic thin films deposited by oblique angle deposition at different temperatures

• Susann Liedtke,
• Christoph Grüner,
• Jürgen W. Gerlach and
• Bernd Rauschenbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 954–962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.89

• those columns grown at 77 K, the columnar diameter is about 36 ± 10 nm, which is a reduction by a factor of approximately three. To understand these remarkable morphological changes, the influence of surface diffusion on the growth process of metallic columns has to be taken into account. For Al, it is

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

Laser-assisted fabrication of gold nanoparticle-composed structures embedded in borosilicate glass

• Nikolay Nedyalkov,
• Mihaela Koleva,
• Nadya Stankova,
• Rosen Nikov,
• Mitsuhiro Terakawa,
• Yasutaka Nakajima,
• Lyubomir Aleksandrov and
• Reni Iordanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2454–2463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.244

• nanosecond pulses at a wavelength of 266 nm by a specific brown coloration of the irradiated areas. The processed areas show no morphological changes. Such a coloration is not observed for the other wavelengths emitted by the Nd:YAG laser employed. Irradiation by femtosecond laser pulses at a wavelength of

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Julie A. Spencer,
• Michael Barclay,
• Miranda J. Gallagher,
• Robert Winkler,
• Ilyas Unlu,
• Yung-Chien Wu,
• Harald Plank,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

• structure would be expected to form. An analogous mechanism has been previously proposed to account for the formation of stochastic patterns of different sized clusters on surfaces [59]. Most likely, the differences in morphological changes observed for different PtCl2 deposits exposed to AH are caused by

• FEBID structures created from MeCpPtMe3, Pt(hfac)2, and Pt(PF3)4, and no significant morphological changes in the deposits (see Table 1 and Supporting Information File 1, Figures S4–S6). In the scientific literature that shows that AH can chemically etch carbon [61][62] (for example, Botman et. al. [26

Advances and challenges in the field of plasma polymer nanoparticles

• Andrei Choukourov,
• Pavel Pleskunov,
• Daniil Nikitin,
• Valerii Titov,
• Artem Shelemin,
• Mykhailo Vaidulych,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Pavel Solař,
• Jan Hanuš,
• Jaroslav Kousal,
• Ondřej Kylián,
• Danka Slavínská and
• Hynek Biederman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2002–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.200

• at elevated pressure in a mixture of HMDSO and Ar with the constant ratio of both components. The process results in the formation of 210 ± 40 nm diameter spherical particles with a more structured surface (Figure 7a). Adding O2 to the working mixture results in morphological changes and produces NPs

• as not to introduce morphological changes to the surface, unless otherwise required. The layer can be of the same or similar material as the underlying NPs to preserve the surface chemistry. For example, hydrocarbon NPs produced by plasma polymerization of n-hexane in GAS can be fixed on the surface

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• characterized by morphological changes, such as modified tissue architecture, increased size of cell nuclei and increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. The assessment of these morphological changes is currently done through microscopic histological analysis of biopsies (gold-standard diagnostics). Screening and

Vapor-phase-synthesized fluoroacrylate polymer thin films: thermal stability and structural properties

• Paul Christian and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 933–942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.95

• PFDA homopolymer. For the EGDMA homopolymer, a WCA of 69 ± 1° was ultimately observed. The change in wettability stems from the (relative) increase of carbonyl groups upon addition of EGDMA, which turns the polymer more hydrophilic. Similar to the morphological changes discussed above, heat treatment

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• processes [163]. Su et al. reported the change of dynamic behaviour and the conversion mechanism in LIBs by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterisation [164]. Fe2O3 NPs showed volume expansion and morphological changes upon lithiation, and the surface of the electrode was covered by a

Comparison of four methods for the biofunctionalization of gold nanorods by the introduction of sulfhydryl groups to antibodies

• Xuefeng Wang,
• Zhong Mei,
• Yanyan Wang and
• Liang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 372–380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.39

• simple method to functionalize GNRs via covalent Au–S bonds by thiolating antibodies using Traut’s reagent. The resulting conjugation of GNRs and antibodies exhibited stability and superior dispersion in buffer for months without morphological changes and aggregation. Furthermore, our method results in