Localized growth of carbon nanotubes via lithographic fabrication of metallic deposits

• Fan Tu,
• Martin Drost,
• Imre Szenti,
• Janos Kiss,
• Zoltan Kónya and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2592–2605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.260

• process (e.g., EBID, AG and CVD), it is also clear that there is still room for improvement. Identification of carbon nanotubes as multiwalled carbon nanotubes Up until now, the question of the actual structure of the individual CNTs fabricated at the predefined position was not addressed. Based on their

Preparation and characterization of polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites

• Claudio Larosa,
• Niranjan Patra,
• Marco Salerno,
• Lara Mikac,
• Remo Merijs Meri and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2026–2031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.203

• , Latvia 10.3762/bjnano.8.203 Abstract A polymer nanocomposite was produced by ultrasonic-assisted dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a polycarbonate matrix using p-xylene and dichloromethane as the solvents. The filler loading was varied from 1 to 3 wt % in order to examine the effect

• base polymer. Keywords: multiwalled carbon nanotubes; nanocomposites; polycarbonate; thermal analysis; vibrational spectroscopy; Introduction Polycarbonate (PC) is a polymer with remarkable mechanical and optical properties, broadly used for water bottles, monitor screens and aircraft interiors but

A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process

• Peter Krauß,
• Jörg Engstler and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2017–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.202

• (Figure 7b). Analysis of these VACNTs by TEM and Raman spectroscopy (Figure 7c,d) proves the synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with an average number of 4–7 walls. Using graphene which was functionalized with iron oxide nanoparticles of lower density (comparable to Figure 2) results in a less

• annealing of functionalized graphene in a hydrogen atmosphere resulted in agglomeration of the iron(II) oxide nanoparticles, increasing their average diameter from 3 nm to 9 nm. The synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on iron oxide nanoparticle/graphene composites was demonstrated. This resulted in

• carbon nanotubes with an average number of 4–7 walls. Proposed mechanism for the synthesis of CNTs on a metal oxide decorated graphene surface. (A) As the temperature increases during the CVD process, the iron oxide nanoparticles tend to agglomerate. The graphene can either remain intact (A1) or may

Fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: from CF₄ plasma chemistry to surface functionalization

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Alberto Verdini,
• Luca Floreano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1723–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.173

• being restricted to about 5 atom %. Conclusion Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (vCNT) is investigated; the effect of the functionalization on the electronic properties is correlated to the CF4 plasma chemistry. In situ RGA mass spectrometry and Fourier transform

Uptake and intracellular accumulation of diamond nanoparticles – a metabolic and cytotoxic study

• Antonín Brož,
• Lucie Bačáková,
• Pavla Štenclová,
• Alexander Kromka and
• Štěpán Potocký

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1649–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.165

• reactive oxygen species. Alternatively, it could have been caused just by mechanical obstruction of the cell adhesion and division by ND agglomerates, as confirmed by live-cell imaging. A similar effect was also observed in human osteoblast-like MG 63 cells cultured in a medium with multiwalled carbon

• nanotubes (MWCNTs) at concentrations of 4, 40, 400, 4000 and 40000 µg/mL. On days 1, 3 and 7 after seeding, the number of MG 63 in the media with 4 and 40 µg/mL of MWCNTs was similar to or even higher than in the control cultures without MWCNTs, while at higher concentrations of MWCNTs, it decreased in a

Development of a nitrogen-doped 2D material for tribological applications in the boundary-lubrication regime

• Shende Rashmi Chandrabhan,
• Velayudhanpillai Jayan,
• Somendra Singh Parihar and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1476–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.147

• carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide nanosheets as additives for water-based lubricants and found that graphene oxide nanosheets improved the tribological properties more than the carbon nanotubes [23]. Zhang et al. studied the tribological properties of an oil lubricant with oleic acid-modified graphene

• strength. Lin et al. studied the tribological properties of modified graphene platelets dispersed in oil and shows that the graphene platelets improved the wear resistance and load-carrying capacity of the machine after the modification [22]. Song et al. compared the tribological properties of multiwalled

Miniemulsion copolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for reinforced coating applications

• Bertha T. Pérez-Martínez,
• Lorena Farías-Cepeda,
• Víctor M. Ovando-Medina,
• José M. Asua,
• Lucero Rosales-Marines and
• Radmila Tomovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1328–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.134

• with modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized by in situ miniemulsion polymerization. The MWCNTs were pretreated by an air sonication process and stabilized by polyvinylpyrrolidone. The presence of the MWCNTs had no significant effect on the polymerization kinetics, but strongly

• ; miniemulsion polymerization; multiwalled carbon nanotubes; Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are hollow, fiber-like materials, with a diameter on the nanometer scale and a relatively long length on the micrometer scale, resulting in a very high aspect ratio material. Two types of CNTs exist, those made of

• mechanical and thermal reinforcement was achieved due to the 3D network formation of the filler within the polymer matrix and creation of strong interactions (including grafting between the phases). Experimental Materials Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, length = 5–10 µm; diameter = 10–20 nm) were

Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application

• Giacomo Biagiotti,
• Vittoria Langè,
• Cristina Ligi,
• Stefano Caporali,
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Anna Flis,
• K. Michał Pietrusiewicz,
• Giacomo Ghini,
• Alberto Brandi and
• Stefano Cicchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.52

• multiwalled carbon nanotubes (ox-MWCNTs) and graphene platelets (GPs). The TPPOs chosen bear functional groups able to react with the CNMs by Tour reaction (an amino group), nitrene cycloaddition (an azido group) or CuAAC reaction (one terminal C–C triple bond). All the adducts were characterized by FTIR

Comparison of four functionalization methods of gold nanoparticles for enhancing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

• Paula Ciaurriz,
• Fátima Fernández,
• Edurne Tellechea,
• Jose F. Moran and
• Aaron C. Asensio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 244–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.27

• protein by functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes was observed by Zhang et al. [7]. However, the most significant improvements in signal have been rendered by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), presenting promising unique chemical and physical properties, as well as biological compatibility [5][14][15

Photo-ignition process of multiwall carbon nanotubes and ferrocene by continuous wave Xe lamp illumination

• Paolo Visconti,
• Patrizio Primiceri,
• Daniele Longo,
• Luciano Strafella,
• Paolo Carlucci,
• Mauro Lomascolo,
• Arianna Cretì and
• Giuseppe Mele

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 134–144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.14

• ignitors; multiwalled carbon nanotubes; photo-induced ignition; Introduction The photo-ignition process of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was observed for the first time accidentally by exposing single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to the flash of an ordinary camera [1]. Following this, studies [2] highlighted

Graphene–polymer coating for the realization of strain sensors

• Carmela Bonavolontà,
• Carla Aramo,
• Massimo Valentino,
• Giampiero Pepe,
• Sergio De Nicola,
• Gianfranco Carotenuto,
• Angela Longo,
• Mariano Palomba,
• Simone Boccardi and
• Carosena Meola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 21–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.3

• resin EC01 and filled with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) provided by Nanocyl with a purity grade >95% with an average diameter ≈10 nm and an average length of 1.5 μm. Further details on the nanocomposite fabrication are reported elsewhere [14][15]. The electric transport measurements have been

The difference in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids measured by different methods and its rationalization

• Aparna Zagabathuni,
• Sudipto Ghosh and
• Shyamal Kumar Pabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2037–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.194

• Al2O3 nanoparticle loading and particle size. Lee et al. [25] have investigated the thermal conductivity of Al2O3, SiC, Ni, ZnO and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in liquid gallium using LFM. They reported that the thermal conductivity measured by LFM was not accurate because of the uncertainty

Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a diameter less than 30 nm are less toxic than particles larger than 50 nm [6]. Nearly all current and future biomedical applications implicate intravascular transport of nanoparticles, thereby blood is the predominant carrier for nanoparticles and nanoparticle clusters

• living cells and different types of nanoparticles of specific shape, surface charge, and chemical composition [4]. For example, elongated, rod-like gold (Au) nanoparticles affect the viability of endothelial cells more than spherical ones, which have better biocompatibility [5]. However, multiwalled

Fabrication and characterization of branched carbon nanostructures

• Sharali Malik,
• Yoshihiro Nemoto,
• Hongxuan Guo,
• Katsuhiko Ariga and
• Jonathan P. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1260–1266, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.116

• between the filler and the matrix. These dispersion and reinforcement issues could be addressed by using branched multiwalled carbon nanotubes (b-MWCNTs) as it is known that branched fibers can greatly enhance interfacial bonding and dispersability. Therefore, the use of b-MWCNTs would lead to improved

• of branched-MWCNTs, which opens the door to a multitude of possible applications. Keywords: branched multiwalled carbon nanotubes; carbon nanostructures; carbon nanotubes; graphene nanoribbons; multiwalled carbon nanotubes; Introduction Lighter, stronger materials such as nanocarbon composites

• efficient nanocomposites: a) inhomogeneous dispersion of the filler [10] and (b) insufficient strength of the interphase between the filler and the matrix [11]. However, these issues can be addressed by utilizing branched multiwalled carbon nanotubes (b-MWCNTs). It is known from theory and simulation

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• in various applications, was previously considered only a research material and a theoretical model to describe the properties of other carbonaceous materials such as fullerenes, graphite, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). It was believed that stand-alone

• polymers. Carbon nanotubes CNTs were first discovered by Iijima in 1991, who produced multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) through arc-discharge evaporation [33]. The synthesis of CNTs can be linked to the discovery of fullerene C60 (buckyball) in 1985 [34]. CNTs can be regarded as one dimensional carbon

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• pomegranate juice without interference of ascorbic acid, fructose, potassium nitrate and barbituric acid. The obtained data were compared with the standard Folin–Ciocalteu spectrophotometric results. Keywords: electrochemical sensor; gallic acid; multiwalled carbon nanotubes; pomegranate juice; total

• ] were utilized for determination of gallic acid. A sensor based on a carbon paste electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes was used for voltammetric determination of ellagic acid and gallic acid in an Myrtus communis, Punica granatum and Itriphal formulation [10]. Glassy carbon electrodes

• representatives of nanomaterials used in the construction of electrochemical sensors with good performance. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were selected due to their advantages such as rapid electron transfer rate and high electrocatalytic activity. The glassy carbon working electrode was electrochemically

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• both a diagnostic and therapeutic role. Nanomaterials have been found to be an excellent scaffold for contrast agents, among which carbon nanotubes offer vast possibilities. The morphology of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), their magnetic and electronic properties, the possibility of different

• agent candidates based on the studies presented here and supported by appropriate theories. Keywords: carbon nanotube hybrids; contrast agent; molecular probe; multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); relaxation; Introduction The interdisciplinary character of

• techniques (fluorescence imaging, PET and others) is an attractive approach to administering one formulation for different tomography and therapeutic purposes. These issues, achieved by (non-)covalent modifications of pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and oxidized nanotubes are described in this

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations [84]. An experimental investigation showed a positive correlation between the concentration of Cu nanoparticles and the viscosity of viscoelastic surfactant solutions [85]. Interestingly, viscoelastic nanofluids containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes also showed non

Negative differential electrical resistance of a rotational organic nanomotor

• Hatef Sadeghi,
• Sara Sangtarash,
• Qusiy Al-Galiby,
• Rachel Sparks,
• Steven Bailey and
• Colin J. Lambert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2332–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.240

• thermodynamic equilibrium. Many examples of artificial NEM devices use directed motion [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. For example, oscillators with frequencies in excess of 1 GHz have been constructed from multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), where the telescoping nature of the inner carbon

Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Axel Hemberg,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2263–2271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.232

• properties of the starting materials. Various techniques have been employed to achieve a controlled fluorination yield; however, the effect of contaminants is rarely discussed, although they are often present. In the present work, the fluorination of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes was

How decision analysis can further nanoinformatics

• Matthew E. Bates,
• Sabrina Larkin,
• Jeffrey M. Keisler and
• Igor Linkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1594–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.162

• contribution to the overall hazard score [17]. In a case study by Tervonen et al. [18], an MCDA framework was applied for the classification of five nanomaterials: nC60, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), CdSe, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), and aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs). The SMAA-Tri MCDA model was

• to prioritize research portfolios at the national level. This PDA was an extension of a VOI approach evaluating multiple research topics for three emerging nanomaterials: multiwalled carbon nanotubes, silver nanoparticles, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles [26]. First, a preliminary screening tool

Pt- and Pd-decorated MWCNTs for vapour and gas detection at room temperature

• Hamdi Baccar,
• Atef Thamri,
• Pierrick Clément,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 919–927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.95

• Nanomatériaux (UR11ES30), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Jarzouna, 7021, Tunisia MINOS-EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avda. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.6.95 Abstract Here we report on the gas sensing properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes decorated with sputtered Pt or

• organic compounds, as well as pollutant gases has been studied. Pt- and Pd-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes show a fully reversible response to the non-aromatic volatile organic compounds tested when operated at room temperature. In contrast, these nanomaterials were not responsive to the aromatic

• known to weakly interact with VOCs in general and with aromatic VOCs in particular. Therefore, a functionalisation of the carbon nanotube sidewalls is essential to promote sensitivity. In previous works, we used oxygen-plasma-treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for detecting nitrogen dioxide, ammonia

Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres

• Reece D. Gately and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53

• single, double or multiple coaxial layers of graphene [1]. The synthesis method and conditions greatly affect their structural characteristics such as number of layers, length and diameter distribution [2]. For example, the arc discharge synthesis method can be used to produce multiwalled carbon

• nanotubes (MWCNTs) with an inside diameter as small as 0.4 nm [3] and an outside diameter of up to 200 nm [4]. It has been shown that the inside diameter of MWCNTs produced using chemical vapour deposition is proportional to the size of the metal catalyst used during production [5]. Their high specific

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphitic carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms

• Toma Susi,
• Thomas Pichler and
• Paola Ayala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 177–192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.17

• nanomaterials (apart from thick multiwalled carbon nanotubes) XPS is in effect a bulk-probing technique. A careful subtraction of the secondary background is vital for a correct analysis of the primary spectrum. Although a number of different background models are in widespread use, a linear background

• extensively studied heteroatom dopant for carbon nanomaterials. Stephan et al. pioneered the use of the arc-discharge technique for doping [23], followed by reports on the synthesis of nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) from several groups [108][109][110]. Successful nitrogen-doped SWCNT

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• encased one in another in a coaxial way and are called multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) [1], or they consist of a single layer and are categorized as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) [2]. SWCNTs are generally assembled in two-dimensional, compact, wide ropes called bundles [3]. The structure

• oxidizer [52]. The two leading methods currently used to synthesize vertically aligned carbon nanotubes are the ferrocene-catalyzed growth of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes reported by Talapatra et al. [33] and the (super)-growth of ultrahigh-aligned single- (double-)walled carbon nanotubes on the

• SWCNTs on regularly patterned silicon with tower-like structures [59] or aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes [60]. The second method, solvent-assisted micromolding consists of printing a drop of photoresist solution by pressing with a PDMS stamp with a patterned relief structure on its surface. After