Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• intermediates, and the final product were identified in situ by differential conductance imaging using a CO-modified tip. The bias voltage was set above the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy and the probe was placed over the C–Br bond, which was then broken. After the reaction, a dip appeared on the

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• orbitals, as opposed to the valence band of TiO2, which is made up entirely of O 2p orbitals. The mobility of the photogenerated charge carriers is increased by the well-dispersed Bi 6s orbital. Due to their distinctive structure, Bi-based photocatalysts exhibit a steeper absorption edge in the visible

• . From an optoelectronic structure standpoint, the majority of bismuth-based photocatalysts have a bandgap below 3.0 eV, which qualifies them for use in visible light. The hybridisation of the O 2p orbital and the 6s orbital in Bi is thought to be the cause of the narrow bandgap [82]. The valence band

Upper critical magnetic field in NbRe and NbReN micrometric strips

• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Antonio Leo,
• Federico Chianese,
• Loredana Parlato,
• Giovanni Piero Pepe,
• Angela Nigro,
• Carla Cirillo and
• Carmine Attanasio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 45–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.5

• NbReN films patterned in micrometric strips. The experimental data are studied within the Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg theory, which considers both orbital and Zeeman pair breaking. The analysis of the results shows different behavior for the two materials with a Pauli contribution relevant only in the

• case of NbReN. Keywords: non-centrosymmetric superconductors; Pauli and orbital contribution; upper critical fields; Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg theory; Introduction Superconducting films of NbRe and NbReN have recently received great attention in the field of low-temperature electronics as suitable

• superconductivity and both contribute to the behavior of Hc2(T), namely the orbital and the paramagnetic effect. While the former is due to the Lorentz force acting on electrons of the Cooper pairs with opposite momentum, the latter is related to splitting of the spin-singlet pairs because of the Zeeman effect

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• conduction band is injected into the unoccupied orbital of halogenated aromatics, resulting in the breaking of carbon–halogen bonds. For the Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions on the octahedral sites, electron transfer between these ions is feasible without substantial excess energy [40]. Therefore, electrons could be

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• are just van der Waals forces, which are weak [46]. Metal oxides such as TiO2 only have the O 2p orbital in their VB. In contrast , Bi-based oxide materials have an electronic structure in which O 2p and Bi 6s orbitals are paired in the VB. The bandgap of the semiconductor may be reduced to 3.0 eV

• thanks to the significant charge carrier dispersion provided by hybrid orbitals involving the Bi 6s orbital, as seen in Figure 2. Photoinduced electron–hole separation and charge carrier transfer in Bi-based materials are facilitated by a unique layered structure that creates an IEF. A magnetic field is

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• . Figure 9a shows the VB-XPS spectra of Bi2O3 and MIL101(Fe). As seen in Figure 9a, the valence band potential (EVB) of Bi2O3 and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) potential of MIL101(Fe) are 3.12 and 1.92 eV, respectively. According to the equation: Eg = EVB − ECB, the conduction band

• potential (ECB) of Bi2O3 and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) potential of MIL101(Fe) are calculated as 0.34 and −0.83 eV, respectively. The energy band position of Bi2O3 and MIL101(Fe) are shown in Figure 9b. According to Figure 9b, ECB and EVB of Bi2O3 are more positive than the LUMO and

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• of the zirconia system due to the variation of the number of electrons in the transition metal d orbital states. In this context, an experimental probe sensitive to the oxidation states of the magnetic ion as well as the local environment specific to a probed atom will be vital. Thus, X-ray

• absorption spectrum near the ionization threshold of core electrons with orbital momentum l belonging to the absorbing atom [29]. It is sensitive to the electronic structure of the absorbing atom, since its intensity is nearly proportional to the density of the unoccupied states whose symmetry verifies the

• calculation, the initial state is a core 1s orbital calculated from an isolated absorbing atom in the absence of a core hole, while the final state is obtained self-consistently through the solution of the KS equations for the whole system while including the core hole effects in the pseudopotential of the

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• measurements reveal a negligible charge transfer at the C60/ZnTPP interface. Finally, the difference between the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and that of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) measured on C60 is about 3.75 eV, a value remarkably higher than those found in

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• , after heating, the oxygen concentration at the surface of the Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid slightly decreased. Note that the 1s orbital of oxygen indicates the presence of carbonate groups at the surface of the Ga–In–Sn eutectic melt. Similarly, and not shown here, we observed a signal corresponding to the

• 1s orbital of carbon. We attribute these contributions (CO32−, C–C/C–H, and C–O) to contamination from the ambient. As mentioned above, we performed the XPS measurements on these liquid samples without prior Ar+-ion sputtering or further heating inside the vacuum chamber of the XPS instrument. Given

Experimental and theoretical study of field-dependent spin splitting at ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor interfaces

• Peter Machon,
• Michael J. Wolf,
• Detlef Beckmann and
• Wolfgang Belzig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 682–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.60

• orbital depairing in the fits, with an orbital depairing parameter [44] for a thin film in an in-plane field. From known sample parameters we estimate Bc,orb ≈ 2 T and ε’ ≈ 70, which leaves us with Δ and δφ as free parameters. The fits give a good account of the observed spin splitting. The spin mixing

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• deposited on a MoS2 crystal surface. Using near-edge X-ray absorption (NEXAFS), it was observed a strong dichroism in FePc thin films thicker than 4.5 nm. The strongest intensity of the N 1s→π* orbital transition at grazing incidence implies that the molecules are predominantly flat-lying with respect to

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• chemical enhancement owing to the interaction between semiconductor and/or noble metals with the analytes [7][35]. The chemical enhancement is related to the photoinduced charge transfer effect that takes place under the light excitation when the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest

• unoccupied molecular orbital level (LUMO) of the analyte molecules match the conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) of the semiconductor. The EM effect can be amplified by shifting the LSPR peak to the near infrared (NIR) or visible spectral region by doping the semiconductor and, thus, increasing the

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• well to the energy offset, ΔEH = EF − EHOMO, between the Fermi energy of the contacting electrodes and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the Ru complex, which we have recently determined to 330 meV [15]. This suggests that ΔEH is a relevant activation energy in ideal devices to be

Theoretical understanding of electronic and mechanical properties of 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenide crystals

• Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi,
• Sadegh Imani Yengejeh,
• Vei Wang,
• William Wen and
• Yun Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 160–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.11

• , the partial crystal orbital Hamilton population (-pCOHP) is analyzed using the LOBSTER program through the partition of the band-structure energy into orbital–pair interactions [47][48]. Results Structural properties The geometrical structures of TMDs in the 1T′ structural polytype are illustrated in

Impact of electron–phonon coupling on electron transport through T-shaped arrangements of quantum dots in the Kondo regime

• Patryk Florków and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1209–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.89

• been observed in semiconductor-based quantum dots (QDs) [1][2][3][4], in carbon nanotubes [5], and in molecular nanostructures [6][7][8][9]. Besides the spin, also other degrees of freedom, for example, orbital [10] or charge [11][12] can give rise to Kondo correlations. For systems with higher

• degeneracy, for example, in the case of fourfold spin–orbital degeneracy not only spin, but also orbital pseudo-spin can be screened. Such SU(4) Kondo effect resonances have been observed in vertical QDs [10], in capacitively coupled dots [13], and in carbon nanotubes [14][15][16][17]. There is currently

• below: where is the double dot or double orbital Anderson Hamiltonian for T-shaped geometry, which is written as: where the first term describes electrons in the electrodes and the next two terms represent electrons residing on the open (djσ) and the interacting (fjσ) dots, respectively. j enumerates

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• form of electronic excitations. The latter can involve different molecular orbitals, being of either bonding or antibonding nature. An excitation involving an antibonding molecular orbital evolves through cleavage of a particular bond on the femtosecond timescale, and the excess energy is transferred

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• can be generated from the Se p orbital in the valence band to the Sn p orbital in the conduction band. The second peak β is less intense as compared to the α peak, which can be due to the transition from Sn s to Se p orbitals as it can be seen from the DOS plot (Figure 3). However, it can be noticed

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• . In contrast, on graphene/Pt(111) the growth of molecular domains is facilitated. Electronically, the width of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) resonance is reduced by a factor of ten on graphene/Pt(111) compared to bare Pt(111) due to a reduction of the molecule–surface hybridization

• bandgap. Hence, Yousofnejad et al. [85] found using MoS2 on Ag(111) as substrate that the HOMO of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TNCQ) is not decoupled because it is located in the MoS2 valence band, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital narrows but still suffers from lifetime broadening because it is

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• according to the alignment and response of magnetic dipoles, magnetic materials can be divided into diamagnetic, paramagnetic [31], ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, and antiferromagnetic. Diamagnetism of the material can be attributed to the orbital angular momentum, which is a phenomenon in which

Prediction of Co and Ru nanocluster morphology on 2D MoS₂ from interaction energies

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 704–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.56

• with adsorption to MoS2. Examples of the charge density differences are shown in Figure S1 and Figure S2 of Supporting Information File 1, with some additional discussion in section S1.4. Analysis of DOS plots shows that the Mo d-orbital or the S p-orbital contributions are largely unaffected by adatom

• adsorption. The metal d-orbital contribution increases for both Co and Ru as more adatoms are added, causing the total DOS to become increasingly more metallic compared to bare MoS2, which is a semiconductor. Metal d-orbital states appear in the bandgap for as little as a single adatom. These increase in

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

• Zhao-Qi Sheng,
• Yu-Qin Xing,
• Yan Chen,
• Guang Zhang,
• Shi-Yong Liu and
• Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

• unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) or conduction band (CB), while holes remain in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or valence band (VB). Second, the electron–hole pairs are transferred to the surface through thermodynamic driving forces and are captured by H+ and a sacrificial electron donor

Impact of GaAs(100) surface preparation on EQE of AZO/Al₂O₃/p-GaAs photovoltaic structures

• Piotr Caban,
• Rafał Pietruszka,
• Jarosław Kaszewski,
• Monika Ożga,
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski,
• Krzysztof Kopalko,
• Piotr Kuźmiuk,
• Katarzyna Gwóźdź,
• Ewa Płaczek-Popko,
• Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 578–592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.48

• performed by applying a Prevac setup equipped with a Scienta R4000 hemispherical analyzer (pass energy of 200 eV) and a monochromatic X-ray tube (Al Kα of 1486.7 eV). The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the 4f7/2 Au line measured under the same experimental conditions was 0.6 eV. The O 1s orbital, Al

Interface interaction of transition metal phthalocyanines with strontium titanate (100)

• Reimer Karstens,
• Thomas Chassé and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 485–496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.39

• might become possible between particular atoms of substrate and adsorbate. For example, for many CoPc and CoPcF16 interfaces to noble metals, the interfacial interaction is governed by a local interaction between the Co 3dz2 orbital and states of the metal substrate [38][39][40]. Thus, the selected

• from 0.8 to 0.9 eV for N 1s and C 1s, respectively. Such a broadening might be ascribed to adsorption at inequivalent adsorption sites or other kinds of disorder, which may result in a statistical distribution of orbital energies [59]. Also visible is a shift of the monolayer N 1s and C 1s core level