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Search for "permeation" in Full Text gives 61 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5
- accelerator used was 100:90:1 w/w/w, respectively. As an additional organic component, bisphenol A polycarbonate from Makrolon 3108 (Goodfellow, UK) with Mw ≈ 49,550 g/mol and Mn ≈ 21,400, as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), was used. As an inorganic component, boehmite (γ-AlOOH) from two
Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151
- results demonstrate the importance of pathways for desorption of gases resulting from radiolysis. Moreover, our study shows that Au thin films (in our case, 15 nm thick) form very strong barriers for the permeation of gases and can withstand high degrees of stretching required for the observed bulging
Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129
- important to mention that some authors have identified them as good carriers of other antimicrobial molecules, improving their transport to the target [154], which offers protection against resistance by the target bacteria, and facilitates the permeation through the cell membrane. Metal ions can also allow
Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85
- one of the most active toxic gases known to interact with Te [1]. NO2 vapor, with a concentration of either 0.5 or 1.0 ppm, was obtained by using the experimental set up described in our previous paper [28]. Gaseous NO2 media was obtained using a calibrated permeation tube (Vici Metronics, USA), which
Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72
- lead to significant damage to the brain [21]. Finally, an innovative way to solve the permeation problem is to load drugs inside nanoparticles. According to the European Commission, nanomaterials are materials that contain at least 50% of particles in a size range of 1 to 100 nm [22]. More generally
- (e.g., human serum albumin) [28], gold nanoparticles [29] and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [30]. This review aims to summarize (i) the different pathways to cross the BBB, (ii) the strategies that can be employed to increase nanoparticle BBB permeation without disrupting the BBB, as well
- lasts for a few minutes. It is thus relatively slow compared to carrier-mediated transport [47][48]. The endocytotic process of AMT is mostly mediated by caveolae [40]. Strategies to enhance nanoparticle BBB permeation To increase their BBB permeation ability, most nanoparticles are designed to be able
A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53
- thermal expansion (CTE) of the polymer template is much higher than the CTE of the dielectric layer. Here, a novel dry-blending method is described in which SiO2 nanoparticles are filled into a grooved silicon template, followed by permeation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) into the SiO2 nanoparticle gaps
Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41
- and 2) the solvent exchange mechanism wherein lipid molecules dissolved in organic solvents were slowly exchanged with water [108]. The addition of the lipid layer not only provided long term stability but also slowed down the rate of permeation of small molecules through the capsule wall, making them
Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15
Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10
- applications in life sciences [8]. In general, CPPs can be defined as diverse peptides with a maximal length of 30 amino acids. They are characterized by a high content of basic amino acids and an overall positive charge. CPPs are known to have a high rate of permeation into cells and are able to cross
Advanced hybrid nanomaterials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247
- fire retardancy and gas permeation in a low molecular weight epoxy resin [28]. Regarding specific applications, the dielectric properties were investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) in “Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic
Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222
- 8 h and could permeate through the porcine oral mucosa. Cytotoxicity testing revealed that the formulations were selective to cancer cells over healthy cells. Therefore, these systems could improve the physicochemical characteristics of curcumin by providing improved release and permeation, while
- selectivity targeting cancer cells. Keywords: curcumin; mucoadhesion; oral squamous cell carcinoma; permeation; poloxamer 407; Introduction The development of nanostructured systems containing poloxamer 407 (P407) and Carbopol 974P® (C974P) have previously been shown to have rheological and mechanical
- due to some important characteristics. They can provide intimate contact between the dosage form and tissue, which could guarantee high drug flux through the absorbing tissue to subsequently increase drug permeation and bioavailability [14][15]. In addition, the incorporation of thermoresponsive
Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220
- was loaded (EE% of ≈68%) very efficiently into the nanoparticles. Finally, the permeability of muco-penetrating PLGA NPs through pulmonary human mucus was assessed; small NPs with a diameter of less than 100 nm showed fast permeation, underlining the potential of microfluidics for such pharmaceutical
- permeation of the particles through mucus, small particles are required. To ensure proper treatment, it is necessary to reach the target dose; therefore, a high drug loading into the NP carrier is necessary to compensate for their small size in order to reach the target dose. In this study, the encapsulation
- stabilizer concentration Additionally, to aid the successfully permeation of the NPs through mucus without being trapped, the PLGA NPs can be coated with a muco-inert stabilizer. Using the appropriate stabilizing molecules could reduce the interaction with mucus, and at the same time, foster stability of the
Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153
- thickness. The prepared materials were capable of selective permeation. In contrast to the two previous reports in which one of the COF monomers was dissolved into the aqueous phase, Matsumoto et al. confined the polymerization to the interface by segregating the catalyst from the COF monomers (Figure 13
Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16
- Japanese researchers reported that nanoparticles present a passive tendency to be accumulated into tumoral tissues [5]. This passive accumulation, also known as passive or primary targeting, is called “enhanced permeation and retention (EPR)” effect and is one of the keystones of tumour treatment with the
Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269
- molecular weight epoxy resin based on bisphenol A was used as a polymer matrix. The prepared samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Flammability and gas permeation tests were also performed
- acceleration voltage of 20 kV. Powder X-ray diffraction data were obtained with a D8-Advance diffractometer, Bruker, Germany, with a Bragg–Brentano θ–θ geometry and with an EMPYREAN diffractometer, PANalytical, Netherlands (in both cases using Cu Kα radiation). The barrier properties for gas permeation were
The inhibition effect of water on the purification of natural gas with nanoporous graphene membranes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1906–1916, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.182
- permeation. In the extreme case, when the nanopore rim contains only nitrogen atoms, water agglomerates at the center of the nanopore and effectively closes down the permeation path. The conclusions are confirmed by the analysis of stability and kinetics of hydrogen bonds. Keywords: graphene membrane
- of factors to consider regarding graphene as a separation membrane. Commonly applied membranes for gas separation are approximately several micrometers thick. As membrane permeation is inversely proportional to the membrane thickness, nanoporous graphene undoubtedly surpasses the expectations of
- permeation rate due to hydrogen-bonding with the nanopore rim. In this paper, by means of classical molecular dynamics, we discuss such an inhibiting effect of water on the gas permeability. Employing different nanopores functionalized by hydrogen and nitrogen atoms, we conduct theoretical studies on the
Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22
- , lamellar lipid membranes can be used as a synthetic model system of stratum corneum, the outermost layer of epidermis, for evaluating the transdermal permeation efficiency of drug molecules in vitro [110], which has an implication in skin disease study [111]. Moreover, topical formulations of LC
Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155
- of grain boundaries by the smoothness of the BCB layer. However, it only works when Parylene C/BCB bilayer system is used. By applying a bilayer encapsulation system, the defects in the Parylene C film underneath are blocked by the BCB layer. The permeation path for water vapor and oxygen becomes
Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO2 detection
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103
- layer mainly consisting of flakes rather than grains promotes greater gas diffusion inside the bulk, thanks to a larger effective volume, thereby indicating the dead-volume among the adjacent structures, which is available for the gas permeation. This can explain the higher adsorption observed on D-AO
BTEX detection with composites of ethylenevinyl acetate and nanostructured carbon
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 982–988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.100
- ). The samples were dried at room temperature [20]. The schematic structure and the dimensions are illustrated in Figure 1. Methods Gas-sensing measurements were carried out using a Kin-Tek FlexStream automated permeation tube system with a benzene permeation tube and synthetic air as carrier gas. A
- automated permeation tube system. As expected the measured effect decreases with increasing Kin-Tek carrier gas flow (Figure 5a) because the faster gas flow does not allow the molecules to adsorb. In Figure 5 we can see that at 500 ppm, the value of ∆R/R0 max for ethylbenzene is over 0.08 while for benzene
Bio-inspired micro-to-nanoporous polymers with tunable stiffness
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 906–914, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.92
- peak-maximum (Mp) average molar mass of untreated and foamed samples were determined by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC, also known as gel-permeation chromatography, GPC) using an Agilent 1200 Series GPC-SEC system equipped with columns from Polymer Standards Service (PSS SDV Lux 5μm, 1000 Å and 105
α-((4-Cyanobenzoyl)oxy)-ω-methyl poly(ethylene glycol): a new stabilizer for silver nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 627–635, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.67
- permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements with refractive index (RI) detector. 1H NMR (300 MHz, D2O) δ 8.05 (m, 4H), 4.53 (m, 2H), 3.67 (m, 488H); ATR-IR (cm−1): 2947 (sh, v(CH)), 2885 (s, v(CH)), 2742 (vw, v(CH)), 2696 (vw, v(CH)), 1724 (w, v(C=O)), 1466 (m, δ(CH2)), 1412 (w, δ(CH2)), 1358 (w, δ(CH2), v
- removed from the heating bath for DLS and zeta-potential measurements. Analytical methods Gel permeation chromatography. GPC measurements were done on two 300 × 8 mm2 PSS-GRAM (7 µm particles) columns with porosities of 102–103 Å in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP + 0.5 wt % LiBr at 70 °C and a flow rate of
Liquid permeation and chemical stability of anodic alumina membranes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 561–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.60
- , Russia 10.3762/bjnano.8.60 Abstract A study on the chemical stability of anodic alumina membranes and their performance in long-term water and organic solvent permeation experiments is reported. Anodic alumina possesses high stability for both protonic and aprotonic organic solvents. However, serious
- during degradation of the membranes. Several pathways for improving the AAO stability and performance are suggested. Results and Discussions The permeation of liquids through freshly prepared AAO membranes agrees well with Darcy’s law: liquid flux linearly depends on transmembrane pressure (Figure 1a
- permeation experiments were performed for the AAO_120V membrane (Figure 3a,b). AAO membranes were found chemically stable over a wide pH range (3–9) with a mass loss during two hours with solvent immersion below the accuracy limit (0.01%, Table 1). The obtained stability range slightly exceeds the values
Characterization of spherical domains at the polystyrene thin film–water interface
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.51
- contact with water suggested that the film stretches and deforms after being exposed to water. The permeation of water at the PS–silicon interface, caused by osmosis or defects present on the film, can be a reasonable explanation for the nucleation of these spherical domains. Keywords: AFM; blisters
- ; contaminants; defects; nanobubbles; water permeation; Introduction Thin films of several nanometer thickness have long been a topic of interest for researchers. The application of such thin films has been demonstrated in nonvolatile memory devices [1], sensors [2][3], for the modification of emissive
- these might be gaseous bubbles, but rather indicate the likelihood of deformed or stretched PS film [26]. Analysis of the PS film after exposure to water It is proposed that if these objects are not gaseous bubbles, then they are most likely blisters or deformed PS film due to permeation of water
Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24
- . This has obvious implications in hydrogen storage applications, for example, where hydrogen permeation into Pd [52] is inhibited by a sulfidic layer. While it might not seem surprising that such dissociative processes may take place on reactive substrates, it is noteworthy that this has been invoked
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