Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• , which is a traditional and widely used technique for neuronal stimulation. However, due to NDs strains that may affect the dip in the ODMR signal, the accuracy of the mapping is limited. Developing multifunctional sensors is truly relevant for applications under physiological conditions and for

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

• Yongcai You,
• Ruirui Xing,
• Qianli Zou,
• Feng Shi and
• Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

• focused on the amorphous assemblies in organic solvents and ionic liquids [42][43][44][45][46]. Although these CDP gels have good mechanical properties and deceased enzymatic degradation under physiological conditions, they still have some challenging problems such as inflexibility, low biosecurity and

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• , targeting tumor sites using an external magnetic field, MRI contrast agents, or magnetic hyperthermia. Under physiological conditions, the nanoparticle surface is exposed to the action of biomolecules, oxygen, peroxides, and radicals, which changes particle properties and behavior. Moreover, Fe2+ ions can

Non-agglomerated silicon–organic nanoparticles and their nanocomplexes with oligonucleotides: synthesis and properties

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Nadezhda V. Shikina,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Svetlana A. Yashnik,
• Dmitrii V. Semenov,
• Yulia I. Savinovskaya,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova,
• Inna A. Pyshnaya and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2516–2525, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.234

• nanoparticles with a diameter of 20–77 nm can easily penetrate into cellular cytoplasm and nuclei [7]. Polylysine-modified nanoparticles appeared to be nontoxic upon oral administration in mice, which opens the possibility for their wide application [8]. Under physiological conditions, SiO2 nanoparticles are

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• the rate of 5-FU release from CaP@5-FU NPs, we employed the dialysis bag method. An acidic (in vitro model for the tumour microenvironment) condition correlates with drug release in the acidic tumour regime. On the other hand, physiological conditions at pH 7.4 represent the healthy cell environment

• equation for 5-FU in release medium, were used for the estimation of the amount of drug released from the nanoparticles. The entire drug release study was carried out at 37 °C in order to mimic physiological conditions. The experiments were conducted in triplicate (n = 3) and the data presented as the mean

Nanocomposites comprised of homogeneously dispersed magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate)

• Sašo Gyergyek,
• David Pahovnik,
• Ema Žagar,
• Alenka Mertelj,
• Rok Kostanjšek,
• Miloš Beković,
• Marko Jagodič,
• Heinrich Hofmann and
• Darko Makovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1613–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.153

• neighboring nanoparticles. Leaching of the Fe cations from the nanocomposites under physiological conditions can limit their use. We tested the dissolution of NPs from the nanocomposite under much harsher conditions (see Supporting Information File 1). For comparison, we performed experiments on samples NP-RA

Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• appropriate spacer is not inserted. Moreover, the linker must be designed in order to be suitably attached to both the drug and the nanoparticle, and the chemistry used must be compatible with the nanoparticle. Finally, the linker must be stable under physiological conditions, avoiding unwanted release of the

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

• Maria C. Cringoli,
• Slavko Kralj,
• Marina Kurbasic,
• Massimo Urban and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

• are formed from unprotected D,L-tripeptides bearing the Phe-Phe motif and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots (NCNDs) are promising materials for biological use. In this work, they were combined to obtain luminescent, supramolecular hydrogels at physiological conditions. The self-assembly of a tripeptide

• water [24]. In 2012, the first systems of uncapped tripeptides were reported to self-assemble into nanostructured hydrogels at physiological conditions and without the need for organic solvents. These tripeptides were heterochiral, that is, composed of both D- and L-amino acids, and they formed

• systems for the two instruments. Conclusion For the first time we reported herein two convenient protocols for the rapid preparation of luminescent supramolecular hydrogels formed by a tripeptide in the presence of NCNDs at physiological conditions. It was shown that relative amounts of peptide and NCNDs

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• without appropriate surface modification have a disposition to agglomerate and sediment subsequently under physiological conditions because of their pH value and salt content [39][40][41]. One crucial requirement for the application of NPs in cell-culture experiments or animal testing is the stabilization

Influence of ambient humidity on the attachment ability of ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata)

• Lars Heepe,
• Jonas O. Wolff and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1322–1329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.123

• Experiment 1. To exclude an influence of physiological conditions of individual animals on different experimental days, a second run was executed. In this run, 9 beetles (3 females and 6 males) were tested. Individual beetles were tested on one day at all three levels of relative humidity in a randomized

Single-molecule mechanics of protein-labelled DNA handles

• Vivek S. Jadhav,
• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Florian Wruck and
• Martin Hegner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 138–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.16

• end-modifications are readily and reliably synthesized en masse, enabling force spectroscopic measurements with well-defined and long-lasting mechanical characteristics under physiological conditions over a large range of applied forces. Although these chemically tagged DNA handles are widely used

• under varying physiological conditions are lacking in literature. Here, optical tweezers are used to investigate different protein-labelled DNA handles in a microfluidic environment under different physiological conditions. Digoxigenin (DIG)-dsDNA-biotin handles of varying sizes (1000, 3034 and 4056 bp

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• physiological conditions, though the particles size distribution for heparin was narrower (7 nm for Ag and 10 nm for Au) than that of hyaluronan (5–30 nm for both Au and Ag NPs) since diaminopyridine group in heparin formed stronger bonds with NPs. According to their study, Au– and Ag–heparin NPs show

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• important that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles are stable under physiological conditions that are necessary for biomedical applications, it is crucial to use controllable synthesis conditions in order to obtain monodisperse, uniform nanoparticles with desired properties [18]. Despite their low toxicity, fine

• . The nanoparticle diameters as evaluated by XRD and DLS analysis are summarized in Table 1. The study of the surface properties of nanoparticles, especially their surface charge in different physicochemical and physiological conditions, is important to understanding their interactions with other

Atomic force microscopy as analytical tool to study physico-mechanical properties of intestinal cells

• Christa Schimpel,
• Oliver Werzer,
• Eleonore Fröhlich,
• Gerd Leitinger,
• Markus Absenger-Novak,
• Birgit Teubl,
• Andreas Zimmer and
• Eva Roblegg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1457–1466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.151

• . Although ESEM presents some additional beneficial features, considerable disadvantages including a high signal-to-noise ratio and/or limited resolution may arise [35]. In contrast, AFM allows high resolution (topographical) imaging of cells under (semi)hydrated, unfixed physiological conditions. Hence

• . However, it has to be added that AFM measurements performed under semi-dried conditions also show limitations, since physiological conditions are not fully reflected but are likely to change the interface between the gut lumen and the brush boarder membrane. Intestinal mucus, for instance, is continuously

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• involvement of Coulomb-type interactions between NPs and charged patches on the protein surface. Moreover, we discuss novel aspects related to the complexity of the protein corona forming under physiological conditions in full serum. Specifically, we address the relation between particle size and corona

• . Focusing on the NP, ligand exchange under physiological conditions is an important point. Many ligands can easily be replaced on NP surfaces in equilibrium exchange-reactions [13]. Such approaches are frequently utilized in NP synthesis, in which specific ligands are often needed to synthesize NPs with

• desired properties, but are subsequently replaced by other ligands, e.g., to alter the solubility or avoid adverse effects related to toxic ligands [13][14][15][16]. Protein adsorption can well lead to the exchange of small monomer-type ligands on NP surfaces under physiological conditions while other

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• the set prerequisites. This polysaccharide is biocompatible and degradable under normal physiological conditions [40] and has been used in various biomedical applications [41][42]. The presence of carboxyl groups in the structure of β-D-mannuronate and α-L-guluronate monomer units can be utilized for

• nanoparticle aggregates may have a physisorbed fraction of loosely bound ALG chains that are a potential source of instability and defects when these surfaces are exposed to physiological conditions. Stability of alginate films The stability of the anchor layers and anchored ALG films is crucial for their

The effect of surface charge on nonspecific uptake and cytotoxicity of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots

• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Anna Pietuch,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Thomas Basché and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 281–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.26

• , Germany) was used. In this case, the excitation light was delivered from an Ar+ gas laser operating at 488 nm and the emission light detected by a sensitive Andor iXon EM-CCD camera (Andor Technology, Belfast, Northern Ireland). MDCKII cells were maintained at physiological conditions throughout the

Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods

• Anna Pietuch,
• Bastian Rouven Brückner,
• David Schneider,
• Marco Tarantola,
• Christina Rosman,
• Carsten Sönnichsen and
• Andreas Janshoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 223–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.21

• migration, proliferation and tissue formation [19][20]. Mechanical behavior of living cells can be monitored spatially resolved in a concentration and time dependent manner using scanning probe techniques. It is possible to investigate local cellular elastic properties under physiological conditions using

Caveolin-1 and CDC42 mediated endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells

• Nils Bohmer and
• Andreas Jordan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16

• ). These modifications resulted in different physicochemical properties referring to SPIONs surface charge and their size distribution under physiological conditions (Table 1). The primary particle size was determined by transmission electron microscopy (EM906, Zeiss). The zeta potential and the average

Increasing throughput of AFM-based single cell adhesion measurements through multisubstrate surfaces

• Miao Yu,
• Nico Strohmeyer,
• Jinghe Wang,
• Daniel J. Müller and
• Jonne Helenius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 157–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.15

• adherence to various ECM proteins, necessitating the investigation of the adhesive properties of the cells. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-cell force spectroscopy (SCFS) provides a versatile tool to quantify the adhesion of single cells in near-physiological conditions [14][15][16]. In AFM-based

The distribution and degradation of radiolabeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots in mice

• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Markus Heine,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Gordon M. Stachowski,
• Stephen G. Hickey,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Jörg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 111–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.11

• various Qdots in cell culture [7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, when dosing was applied under physiological conditions in mice and rats, no abnormal behavior or tissue damage was observed over the period of months after systemic administration of Qdots [13][14][15]. Therefore, the relevancy of the in vitro

Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• with the negatively charged membrane [21][22], and to the sedimentation behavior of the particles which is related to their colloidal stability under physiological conditions [33]. The uptake was likely caused by non-specific endocytosis or macropinocytosis. Therefore, we expected an even stronger

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• particle interaction with the environment. The persistence of such a coating under physiological conditions emerges as an important aspect for understanding interactions between nanoparticles and biological entities in general [70]. Polymer coatings are frequently stable under such conditions but other

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• comprehensive and accurate characterization of the material under physiological conditions is crucial to correlate the observed biological impact with defined colloidal properties. As promising candidates for biomedical applications, two SiO2-based nanomaterial systems were chosen for extensive size

• characterization to investigate the agglomeration behavior under physiological conditions. To combine the benefits of different characterization techniques and to compensate for their respective drawbacks, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation were

• the particles and therefore their effective size, especially under physiological conditions. Thus, the biological identity of a nanomaterial is clearly influenced by differentiating surface properties. Keywords: nanomaterial characterization; physiological conditions; surface properties; silica

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• release ions under physiological conditions. Hence, in contrast to gold atom clusters [33], gold nanoparticles are known to have a comparably low toxicity [34][35]. Hence, all adverse effects probably originate from the nanoscopic dimensions of the material, e.g., causing the formation of reactive oxygen