Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• successively dispersed in polypropylene to form HnMn′-Ca2Al/PP composite films (with H = HALS and M = MP) through a solvent casting method. The corresponding crystalline structure, chemical composition, morphology as well as the resistance against thermal aging and photo-oxidation are carefully investigated by

• -oxidation stability; polypropylene; thermal stability; Introduction Hindered phenols and hindered amines, containing the functional groups 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, respectively, are widely used as functional additives in polymers to prolong the service life [1][2][3

• . Polypropylene (PP) protected with the prepared MP-Ca2Al-LDH exhibited enhanced thermal stability and anti-migration behavior in comparison with MP-Ca/PP composites. Lately, some studies have demonstrated much better performance of multi-component intercalation compounds compared to the corresponding single

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• minutes. Then the free films were prepared on polypropylene plates using a 150 µm gap applicator. The films were cured for one day at a room temperature and then for 1 h at 40 °C, 4 hours at 60 °C and finally 20 h at 80 °C. The cured films were collected from the supporting plates with the help of a razor

The effect of flexible joint-like elements on the adhesive performance of nature-inspired bent mushroom-like fibers

• Elliot Geikowsky,
• Serdar Gorumlu and
• Burak Aksak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2893–2905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.268

• . Finally, the wet tip fiber array is placed on a polypropylene (PP) substrate to conform the mushroom-like tips, Figure 12e and Figure 12f. Although other materials can be used for the substrate, PP has shown to produce the appropriate shape for the mushroom-like tips. Figure 13 includes the SEM images of

• layer of soft polyurethane. b) After curing from the first dipping step, the fibers are dipped again in a layer of the same polyurethane. c) After curing from the second dipping step, the fibers are dipped into the material that will be used to conform the tips. d) A polypropylene (PP) substrate is used

High-throughput micro-nanostructuring by microdroplet inkjet printing

• Hendrikje R. Neumann and
• Christine Selhuber-Unkel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2372–2380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.222

• micelle solution. Here, the same micelle solution was used as for spin-coating the control sample. The inkjet printer employed a disposable cartridge (DMC-11600), which was made of chemically resistant epoxy, polypropylene, silicone and silicon dioxide. The cartridge was composed of two main components: a

• jetting and a storage unit. 4 mL micelle solution were filled into the polypropylene bag in the printer storage unit with the help of a syringe. Then, the two units were combined. Regular cleaning cycles were run before, during and after the printing process on a cleaning pad to maintain and improve the

Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

• Reika Makita,
• Tsukasa Akasaka,
• Seiichi Tamagawa,
• Yasuhiro Yoshida,
• Saori Miyata,
• Hirofumi Miyaji and
• Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

• for cell proliferation on patterned surfaces. The type of surface material used to create the surface patterns is also an important factor in the proliferation of Saos-2 cells. Saos-2 cell proliferation on polypropylene pillars with a diameter of 20 µm has been reported to be increased compared to

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• wt % polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The resulting homogeneous slurry was coated on nickel foam and subsequently dried at 75 °C overnight. Metallic lithium foil served as a counter and reference electrode, and micro-porous polypropylene film (Cellgard 2300) was used as

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• NPs are mixed into the medium volume, like Cu NPs embedded in polypropylene films [20], the activation requires a twice longer time. However, the efficiency in killing the bacteria was higher in that case. Unfortunately, we are not able to compare the reusability of our PS films with Cu NPs with those

A robust AFM-based method for locally measuring the elasticity of samples

• Alexandre Bubendorf,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.1

• relation exists when measuring in contact mode with a certain load FN and propose a new method for determining the elastic modulus of samples from this relation. The measurements were performed in non-dry air at ambient temperature on three different polymers (polystyrene, polypropylene and linear low

• first flexural modes of the cantilever in contact were excited with the amplitudes A1 = 22 mV and A2 = 5 mV for all samples. Samples and measurement conditions Three different polymers (polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)) and a self-assembled monolayer (SAM

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• and the current collector for the working electrode. The working and counter electrodes were separated by a nonwoven 20 μm thick polypropylene cloth, which was impregnated with an excess of 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves were recorded on a Elins P–30s potentiostat. The potential

Freestanding graphene/MnO₂ cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Şeyma Özcan,
• Aslıhan Güler,
• Tugrul Cetinkaya,
• Mehmet O. Guler and
• Hatem Akbulut

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1932–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.193

• carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (EC/DMC, 1:1 v/v), which was used as the electrolyte. In order to separate the electrodes, a microporous polypropylene membrane was used. Electrochemical tests of the cathodes were implemented between 1.5 and 4.5 V at a constant current density of 0.1 mA cm−2. The

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• initial mixing. After mixing, the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. Subsequently, water was added. After vigorous shaking, the clear solution was poured into a polypropylene mold, sealed with a septum, and covered with parafilm. After 5 min gelation occurred but all samples were allowed 24

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• polypropylene film. Electrolyte was prepared by dissolving 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in a mixed solution of fluoroethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (FEC/EMC/DMC, 1:1:1 by volume). Coin cells (2032 type) were assembled inside an argon filled glove box with a moisture and

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• fabricating polymer nanocomposites [20][21][22][23]. To favor the dispersion of LDH platelets into polymers, hybrid surfactant (usually dodecyl sulphate)-intercalated LDH were prepared and incorporated into polymer matrices such as polyethylene [24], polypropylene [25], poly(methyl methacrylate) [26

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• stainless steel net (0.05 mm thick). After pressing, the electrodes were dried in vacuum (0.5–1.0 mbar) at 120 °C for 8 h. The active electrode, counter electrode (Li) and reference electrode (Li) were placed in a hermetic Teflon cell using a porous polypropylene separator. 1 M LiPF6 solution in ethylene

Prediction of the mechanical properties of zeolite pellets for aerospace molecular decontamination applications

• Guillaume Rioland,
• Patrick Dutournié,
• Delphine Faye,
• T. Jean Daou and
• Joël Patarin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1761–1771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.169

• protocol described below. The gel preparation and hydrothermal synthesis were performed using a polypropylene bottle. First, 1.5 g of hydrofluoric acid (Sigma-Aldrich, 40% in water) was poured on 11 g of tetraethylammonium hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich, 40% in water) used as structure-directing agent. 0.12 g of

Numerical investigation of depth profiling capabilities of helium and neon ions in ion microscopy

• Patrick Philipp,
• Lukasz Rzeznik and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1749–1760, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.168

• initial polymer structure and the implanted species. For C4+ and O4+ irradiation of poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK), polypropylene (PP), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), and PC, PP has the lowest resistance to irradiation damage while the most important compositional changes occur in PC [6]. For sensors, B

Nanofibers for drug delivery – incorporation and release of model molecules, influence of molecular weight and polymer structure

• Jakub Hrib,
• Jakub Sirc,
• Radka Hobzova,
• Zuzana Hampejsova,
• Zuzana Bosakova,
• Marcela Munzarova and
• Jiri Michalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1939–1945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.198

• Penta, Prague, Czech Republic. The deionized water was produced by Milli-Q Millipore, Bedford, MA. Polypropylene nonwoven spunbond material used as a substrate for all polymers was purchased from ATEX, Milan, Italy. Polyethylene glycols with molecular weights of 2,000, 6,000, 10,000 and 20,000 were

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• onto a Si wafer substrate (covered with 300 nm of SiO2) by using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microcontact printing method [8]. Other suitable types of substrates for the microcontact printing of these samples are glass, quartz, several types of plastics (like polyethylene, polypropylene foils and

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• with a fiber separator made of inexpensive polymer materials (polypropylene or polyamide) and allowing the free movement of all ions resulted in substantial increase in the power density compared to Nafion® CEMs. A cell with non-PGM catalysts (LaNiO3 in the cathode and Co(II) oxide in the anode

Surface topography and contact mechanics of dry and wet human skin

• Alexander E. Kovalev,
• Kirstin Dening,
• Bo N. J. Persson and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1341–1348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.147

• bridges can form. In a second friction experiment Adams et al. [3] used a polypropylene sphere and in this case no increase in the friction was observed during drying. This is consistent with the fact that the water–polypropylene contact angle θ2 ≈ 102° so that cosθ1 + cosθ2 ≈ −0.03 < 0. Hence, the

Dynamic nanoindentation by instrumented nanoindentation and force microscopy: a comparative review

• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Estelle Kalfon-Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 815–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.93

• performed on isotactic polypropylene (iPP, 127,000 g/mol) by using instrumented nanoindentation (Agilent DCM) and AFM tip based nanoindentation (NTMDT NTEGRA). A typical INI load-vs-displacement curve is displayed in Figure 5A. The modulation results (continuous stiffness measurement CSMTM, modulation

Multiple regimes of operation in bimodal AFM: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes

• Daniel Kiracofe,
• Arvind Raman and
• Dalia Yablon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 385–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.45

• polypropylene (PP, ExxonMobil Chemical Company), high density polyethylene (PE, ExxonMobil Chemical Company), and polystyrene (PS, Polysciences). A blend of 3:1:1 (by mass) of PP/PE/PS was prepared in a Brabender mixer (Brabender Instruments, South Hackensack, NJ) at 180 °C, 60 rpm, and 5 min of mixing and then

• AFM images based on morphology, surface roughness, and height. Specifically, the matrix (dominant component) is polypropylene, with approximately circular polyethylene and polystyrene domains. The polyethylene domains appear rough because of the lamellar structure, and the polystyrene domains show

• polyethylene has a lower (darker) amplitude (b) and phase (d) than either the polystyrene or the polypropylene. A second observed difference between the bimodal images in “1st + 2nd” eigenmode versus “1st + 4th” eigenmode occurs in the first eigenmode phase (lag) channel. The overall first eigenmode phase (lag

Continuous parallel ESI-MS analysis of reactions carried out in a bespoke 3D printed device

• Jennifer S. Mathieson,
• Mali H. Rosnes,
• Victor Sans,
• Philip J. Kitson and
• Leroy Cronin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 285–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.31

• conducted in a layer-by-layer fashion, and the device used was printed in polypropylene (PP) by using a 3DTouchTM printer, which deposits layers of thermopolymers through heated extruder nozzles to build the designed reactionware. PP is an attractive material for the fabrication of micro- and milliscale

Dimer/tetramer motifs determine amphiphilic hydrazine fibril structures on graphite

• Loji K. Thomas,
• Nadine Diek,
• Uwe Beginn and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 658–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.75

• successful in studying films of strands [22][23][24] and innate graphitic structures [25][26][27], but less so with isolated organic strands. Some reports of STM imaging to obtain high-quality images of strands include those of polypropylene [28], molecular chains of magnetic molecules [29], silicon