Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• controlled two-step process named “seed-mediated growth”. The first step of this process is the generation of very small spherical nanoparticles that serve as seeds when the conditions are modified by adding more gold and another reductant [64]. For this work a single component was used to obtain the shape

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• auxin 1-naphthalenoacetic acid (ZnAl-NAA-LDH), (ii) the coating of bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with composite films produced from mixtures of alginate polymer and ZnAl-NAA-LDH, and (iii) the evaluation of the plant response by bioassays. The hybrid ZnAl-NAA-LDH was characterized by a set of

• analytical techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis coupled to differential scanning calorimetry and mass spectrometry, specific surface area measurement, and scanning electron microscopy. Bioassays were performed with the seeds coated with the composite film to assess the

• germination rate and germination speed index of the seeds, as well as biometric analyses including measurements of root area, root fresh matter, and shoot length of the plants. The bioassay performed in soil pots showed that the alginate film containing ZnAl-NAA-LDH yields an enhancement regarding root area

Transition from freestanding SnO₂ nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

• Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
• Sebastian Gutsch and
• Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

• substrates were prepared by two different preparation methods for the catalyst seeds, which are required for the VLS process. As a catalyst material, gold was chosen. First, a-plane sapphire substrates with structured gold thin films (thickness 5 nm) by metal evaporation, and second, a-plane sapphire

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• . Hence, the temperature range from 120 to 140 °C yields CNFMs with CuO and ZnO seeds that can act good templates for the subsequent hydrothermal growth. FTIR and XRD analysis: CNFMs with and without heat treatment were analyzed by FTIR (Figure 11). The spectra of the CNFMs with and without heat treatment

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• mL of deionized (DI) water for 4 h at 60 °C. Then, the solution was heated in an oven for 20 h at 60 °C. Next, ZnO seeds were synthesized on the Si substrates through spin-coating. First, a drop of the seed solution was put onto the cleaned substrate at 700 rpm for 10 s and then at 2000 rpm for 60 s

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• shelling procedures is the precise control of the shell thickness while preventing or at least minimizing the formation of additional seeds from the shelling material. Numerous approaches have been investigated for the growth of silica shells on inorganic NPs like the Stöber synthesis and the reverse

• processes, in which TEOS is continuously added to seeds in a growth solution, allow for the growth of large, monodisperse NPs in a single step, provided the seed NPs are well dispersed in the growth solution [28][29]. A versatile approach for growing silica shells onto inorganic NPs that cannot be dispersed

The importance of design in nanoarchitectonics: multifractality in MACE silicon nanowires

• Stefania Carapezzi and
• Anna Cavallini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2094–2102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.204

• the cleaned surfaces by electron beam evaporation. These gold films do not coat the substrates uniformly. The uncovered parts of the Si surfaces become the seeds of the NWs in the subsequent etching step. For the etching step, the substrates are immersed in an aqueous solution of HF (5 M) and H2O2

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• polymerization to obtain –[–Ti–O–Ti–]–, –[–Si–O–Si–]–, and –[–Ti–O–Si–]– containing seeds. After aging, the 90 mL solution was divided into two 45 mL parts, each of which was placed into the 70 mL polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) reactor. The reactor was closed with a PTFE cap and inserted into a homemade

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• , VA). Methods CPMV propagation CPMV propagation followed our previously published method [38]. Black-eyed peas plant (Vigna unguiculata) were grown from seeds, obtained locally, in a greenhouse for 10 days. Primary leaves were rubbed with carborundum (fine-grade silicon carbide abrasive) and treated

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• vehicles for a variety of payloads. Results and Discussion Synthetic strategy. Scheme 1 depicts the strategy to prepare the silver nanocapsules with pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel cores. The steps include (i) synthesis of the pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel core, (ii) growth of THPC gold seeds around the hydrogel core, and

• (iii) growth of the silver nanocapsule around the hydrogel core by the reduction of silver nitrate onto the gold seeds, which act as templates. Note that the concentration of the sodium citrate during the galvanic replacement step determines whether the synthesized silver nanocapsule is porous or

• [78], we needed the hydrogel particle surfaces to be positively charged. For this modification, we chose poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) MW: 100,000 (pDADMAC), which has been previously used to attach noble metal seeds to hydrogel cores [79][80][81]. To verify the successful functionalization

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• affects the formation of ZIF-8. More specifically, it undergoes three main stages: gel formation, nucleation and crystallization [23]. According to Mahmoud’s [35] report, the Ce element which is doped into the lattice of Zn seeds may lower the surface energy, thus leading to a new morphology. Labhane et

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

• Hrvoje Gebavi,
• Vlatko Gašparić,
• Dubravko Risović,
• Nikola Baran,
• Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

• signal significantly increases after washing with water. The first observation can be clearly explained as follows: The temperature during annealing prior to VLS synthesis influences the size and distribution of the Au seeds on the Si wafer, while the VLS process temperature determines growth rate and

Self-assembly and wetting properties of gold nanorod–CTAB molecules on HOPG

• Imtiaz Ahmad,
• Floor Derkink,
• Tim Boulogne,
• Pantelis Bampoulis,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet,
• Hidayat Ullah Khan,
• Rahim Jan and
• E. Stefan Kooij

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 696–705, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.69

• continuously stirred for 3 min. The mixture quickly turned light brown, indicating the formation of gold seeds. The solution was kept unperturbed at room temperature (25 °C) for two hours. To synthesize gold nanorods with an aspect ratio (AR) of ≈3, the growth solution was prepared by introducing 50 µL of

Ultraviolet patterns of flowers revealed in polymer replica – caused by surface architecture

• Anna J. Schulte,
• Matthias Mail,
• Lisa A. Hahn and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 459–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.45

• have been found in leaves, petals or seeds [17][18][19]. Whitney et al. [20] reported, for example, that this iridescence acts as a cue for pollinators and has also assumed such an effect in the UV-range. However, the influence of the plant surface structure – especially papillae – on UV-reflection up

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• for 256 times (128 times in each direction) in order to generate a sufficient amount of seeds. The technique was performed under ambient conditions with a writing speed of 10 μm/s (scan frequency: 0.5 Hz; line length: 10 μm). After seed generation, the samples were placed top-side down in a Teflon

• techniques yield equal results. In case of conventional electron-beam lithography, titanium was deposited on a patterned electron resist. After removing the mask, the titanium was oxidized at 850 °C resulting in polycrystalline rutile seeds along the pattern lines as we described previously [36]. The seed

• nanocrystals happens during the hydrothermal growth process at temperatures above 120 °C as described by Li et al. [37]. The resulting rutile seeds are significantly smaller than the final dimensions of the rutile nanorods. Excluding competing processes resulting in localized growth of nanorods Before specific

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• Science), Theodor-Körner-Allee 16, 02763 Zittau, Germany Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.10.11 Abstract A new micro/mesoporous hybrid clay nanocomposite prepared from kaolinite clay, Carica papaya seeds, and ZnCl2 via calcination

• matter. The new composite is stable up to 900 °C and is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of a water micropollutant, 4-nitrophenol, and a pathogen, E. coli, from an aqueous medium, suggesting applications in water remediation are feasible. Keywords: 4-nitrophenol; Carica papaya seeds; clay; E. coli

• to produce hybrid carbon/inorganic adsorbents [19][20]. We have previously described the synthesis and performance of a new hybrid material based on kaolinite and Carica papaya seeds for water treatment [1]. The material has several advantages over conventional processes: (i) it can be made from

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• . Butyl chloromethyl ether was synthesized according to a recipe already published [27]. Synthesis and surface modification of the spherical satellites Synthesis of the “pre-seeds” In a similar manner as described in [28], 100 mL of L-arginine aqueous solution (6 mM) were added into a 150 mL vial

• phase undisturbed and the aqueous phase efficiently mixed (ca. 150 rpm). The reaction was stopped after three days. Silica concentrations were determined by gravimetric analysis. In a given volume, the number of silica seeds was calculated from the silica concentration and the particle average diameter

• hydroxide and 10 mL of the aqueous dispersion of silica “pre-seeds” were successively introduced. Then, a calculated amount of TEOS (Table 2) was added at the rate of 0.5 mL·h−1. The mixture was stirred until 2 h after the end of the TEOS addition. The polydispersity index (PDI) given in Table 2 was

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• -octadecene, OAm) [68], or in aqueous solutions. Depending on the additives and the reaction conditions, a variety of different shapes and sizes can be realized [66][67][69][70][71][72][73][74]. The generation of small silver nanoparticles (3–6 nm) is often performed only to generate seeds as a precursor for

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• be adjusted by heterogeneous nucleation of NPs on noble metal seeds [21][22]. Additionally, such bifunctional Fe3O4–Au NPs are potentially applicable for targeted drug delivery, enhanced hyperthermia, multimodal imaging and theranostics [8][23][24][25][26][27]. In this work, we present the first size

• . Details regarding the synthesis are given in the Experimental section. In brief, Fe3O4 was grown on either in situ synthesized Au NPs (samples MNP-6 and MNP-15) or presynthesized Au seeds (samples MNP-25 and MNP-44). In addition, by using three different solvents (phenyl ether, benzyl ether, 1-octadecene

• are pairwise connected and form hybrid NPs. The magnetite NPs formed using the in situ synthesized Au seeds have a spherical or poorly facetted shape (Figure 1A and 1B), while NPs obtained using presynthesized Au seeds are highly facetted (Figure 1C and 1D). The formation of highly facetted magnetite

Synthesis of hafnium nanoparticles and hafnium nanoparticle films by gas condensation and energetic deposition

• Irini Michelakaki,
• Nikos Boukos,
• Dimitrios A. Dragatogiannis,
• Spyros Stathopoulos,
• Costas A. Charitidis and
• Dimitris Tsoukalas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1868–1880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.179

• target (99.95%). Due to collisions with Ar gas, cooling of the sputtered metal atoms takes place, leading to a supersaturated metal atom vapor. Collisions between the cooled metal atoms lead to nucleation and growth of initial clusters. Collisions between these initial cluster ‘seeds’ followed by

Formation and development of nanometer-sized cybotactic clusters in bent-core nematic liquid crystalline compounds

• Yuri P. Panarin,
• Sithara P. Sreenilayam,
• Jagdish K. Vij,
• Anne Lehmann and
• Carsten Tschierske

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1288–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.121

• layers being present in the nematic phase. Hence these are found to exist only at temperatures close to the nematic–smectic transition temperature. We surmise that the mechanism for the formation of cybotactic clusters in the bent-core LCs may differ from that in calamitics. In the former, the seeds of

• above the isotropic–nematic transition temperature. The latter observation arises as seeds of cybotactic clusters are formed in the isotropic phase. Small clusters have also been observed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) [57]. The strength of this process is observed to increase with a reduction in

Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature

• Joseph C. Cremaldi and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85

• remove damaged tissue and to drop seeds and replicate [33]. Because plants cannot move, another mechanism has evolved to remove material. Plants use abscission, a process of weakening part of a stem to cause it to break. After deciding the location of the break, known as the abscission zone, the plant

• functional coating, this process lets a plant simulate complex behavior without the need to move. To sum up, in order to remove material from itself or to drop seeds, plants have developed the ability to weaken stem and branches allowing them to break more easily. They accomplish this by protecting the part

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• Figure 2b. The formation of such a ZnO sub-micrometer sphere suggests that the acetate ions from the precursor salt can be helpful ZnO seeds, which grow preferentially along the c-axis during the thermal treatment. Mono-ethanolamine (MEA) molecules not only act as a dispersant to prevent particle

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of Au NPs of 30 ± 5 nm diameter. Growth of Au NPs from 30 to 70 nm in diameter. Au NPs were synthesized by a seed-mediated process described in [48]. Immediately after the synthesis of the Au seeds (NPs of 15 nm diameter) the same reaction vessel was heated until

Colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles for label-free colorimetric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions

• Alessandro Buccolieri,
• Antonio Serra,
• Gabriele Giancane and
• Daniela Manno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 499–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.48

• detection of ammonia. The seeds of AgNPs have been prepared using an environmentally friendly hydrothermal method that uses sucralose as a stabilizer and glucose as a reducing agent. Briefly, 2 g of α-D-glucose and 2 g of sucralose were dissolved in 100 mL of ultrapure water. The solution is heated to 90 °C

• , then 2.5 mL of an aqueous AgNO3 solution (c = 10−2 M) is added and the solution is maintained at this temperature for 5 min until it becomes pale yellow, which is indicative for the formation of AgNPs seeds. The colloidal solution with newly formed seeds is not stable. It is necessary to reduce the