Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

• (SiH4) flux (or others silicon-based gases). A precise calibration of silane flux and reaction temperature gives a supersaturation of the melt and induces a transformation from the liquid alloy phase to solid Si that crystallizes under the metal nanoparticle. In this way, crystalline silicon

Direct nanoscale observations of the coupled dissolution of calcite and dolomite and the precipitation of gypsum

• Francesco G. Offeddu,
• Jordi Cama,
• Josep M. Soler and
• Christine V. Putnis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1245–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.138

• supersaturation of another phase in the fluid at the mineral-fluid interface and the new phase can precipitate, are well-documented [6][7][8]. AMD treatment becomes ineffective as soon as the precipitated hydroxides and/or gypsum fully coat the limestone surface and impede further dissolution of calcite. This

• acute and obtuse steps do not show a linear dependence on supersaturation. In addition, several studies have shown that the velocities of acute and obtuse step spreading have different sensitivities to the solute activity ratios in the solution [32][36][47]. Calcite dissolution continuously took place

Plasma-assisted synthesis and high-resolution characterization of anisotropic elemental and bimetallic core–shell magnetic nanoparticles

• M. Hennes,
• A. Lotnyk and
• S. G. Mayr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 466–475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.54

• supersaturation, the growth of small nuclei occurs. Following classical nucleation theory, these nuclei have to overcome a critical size to become thermodynamically stable and then further grow while moving through the condensation chamber towards the nozzle. The NPs can additionally get covered by a

• supplementary coating layer in chamber B, while traveling through the metallic vapor generated by SG2, which is carefully kept below supersaturation. Finally, particles are extracted in C, where they are deposited onto a Si substrate or TEM grids for further analysis. Gas dynamics and NP transport Particle

• wet-chemistry synthesis of NPs that the degree of supersaturation can be used to tune particle sizes and size distribution. At high supersaturation ratios, fast nucleation rates are attained and the ensuing rapid consumption of the elemental species (nucleation burst) results in a high number of seeds

Exploring the retention properties of CaF₂ nanoparticles as possible additives for dental care application with tapping-mode atomic force microscope in liquid

• Matthias Wasem,
• Joachim Köser,
• Sylvia Hess,
• Enrico Gnecco and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 36–43, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.4

• precipitation method described above depends on following parameters: the degree of supersaturation of the solution, the spatial concentration distribution and the growth time of the crystals [31]. Not precisely controlling these factors in our synthesis procedure resulted in a certain size distribution of the

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes from unprocessed colemanite

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 843–851, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.95

• yet. According to the nucleation theory, the formation of a core depends on surface energy, supersaturation, vapor pressure, temperature and binding energy [23][24]. To synthesize unique, high yield and large scale BNNTs, the synthesis mechanism has to be clearly understood. At the moment, two

Lithium peroxide crystal clusters as a natural growth feature of discharge products in Li–O₂ cells

• Tatiana K. Zakharchenko,
• Anna Y. Kozmenkova,
• Daniil M. Itkis and
• Eugene A. Goodilin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 758–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.86

• is the product generation rate that is being controlled predominantly by the discharge current density. Actually, this parameter determines a supersaturation level, which is required for nucleation and growth of solid phases. We found that the discharge at a lower current density (50 μA/cm2) results

• that the nucleation proceeds homogeneously and the phase formation is exhausted by the nucleation stage only without an intensive crystal growth because of the relatively high supersaturation that appeared as a result of the fast electrochemical generation of O2−. After that stage, Li2O2 platelets seem

Synthesis and electrical characterization of intrinsic and in situ doped Si nanowires using a novel precursor

• Wolfgang Molnar,
• Alois Lugstein,
• Tomasz Wojcik,
• Peter Pongratz,
• Norbert Auner,
• Christian Bauch and
• Emmerich Bertagnolli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 564–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.65

• straight, crystalline, nanometre-sized wires. During VLS growth a Si precursor is introduced, which is cracked and dissolved into the catalytic liquid phase. Generally Au is used as the catalyst on Si substrates, forming a liquid alloy with a eutectic temperature of 364 °C, which, upon supersaturation

Formation of SiC nanoparticles in an atmospheric microwave plasma

• Martin Vennekamp,
• Ingolf Bauer,
• Matthias Groh,
• Evgeni Sperling,
• Susanne Ueberlein,
• Maksym Myndyk,
• Gerrit Mäder and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 665–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.71

• nanoparticle for a large supersaturation of the system p"SiC" >> pv, as depicted in Figure 2: The high ambipolar diffusion coefficient of the species in the plasma results in the fast growth of the particle accompanied by the fast depletion of the educt in the plasma, which of course contradicts the simple

Magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical NMR-based diagnostics

• Huilin Shao,
• Tae-Jong Yoon,
• Monty Liong,
• Ralph Weissleder and
• Hakho Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 142–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.17

• thermal decomposition of precursors. Above a supersaturation level, these monomers then aggregate to induce nucleation and nanoparticle growth. By tuning the growth conditions during this procedure (such as precursor choice, monomer concentration, growth temperature and time), it is possible to control

Low-temperature solution growth of ZnO nanotube arrays

• Ki-Woong Chae,
• Qifeng Zhang,
• Jeong Seog Kim,
• Yoon-Ha Jeong and
• Guozhong Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 128–134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.15

• a more comprehensive understanding of the growth of tube-shaped ZnO in aqueous solution at low temperature. Keywords: growth from solutions; nanorods; nanotubes; supersaturation; ZnO; Introduction ZnO is a type of semiconductor with a wide band gap (3.37 eV) and a large exciton binding energy (~60

Enhanced visible light photocatalysis through fast crystallization of zinc oxide nanorods

• Sunandan Baruah,
• Mohammad Abbas Mahmood,
• Myo Tay Zar Myint,
• Tanujjal Bora and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 14–20, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.3

• crystallization temperatures, homogenous nucleation and fast supersaturation by rapid dissolution [22][23][24][25][26][27]. In this work a study is conducted on the improvement of visible light photocatalytic degradation of a model organic dye, methylene blue, with ZnO nanorods grown by a rapid growth process