Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• component, including cancer, radiation damage, bacterial infection, sepsis, wounds, stroke-induced ischemia, retinal degeneration, and neurodegenerative diseases [10]. Other reviews provide more information on nanoceria synthesis methods and the resulting physicochemical properties of the products as well

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• nanoparticles There are several synthesis methods that allow for the obtainment of different types of AgNPs with various shapes, sizes, and stability conditions [136]. Basic principles of some classic synthesis techniques are detailed in the following sections. Citrate ion reduction Turkevich et al. reported

• aggregation, physicochemical or biological synthesis methods used, chemical nature of the coating, surface charge, and free Ag+ content. The quality control of AgNPs is necessary to guarantee their suitability for the intended use, reproducibility, efficacy, and low toxicity [146]. Another important point is

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• ” synthesis methods. Several physical methods for top-down synthesis of silver nanostructures including ball milling [105][106][107], laser ablation [108][109][110][111][112], evaporation–condensation [113][114], electromagnetic levitation gas condensation (ELGC) [115], ultrasonication [116][117][118][119

• processes [143][144][145][146], conventional chemical reduction [147][148][149][150][151], reverse micelle [152][153][154], co-precipitation [155], chemical vapor deposition [156][157][158], solvothermal [159][160][161], and electrochemical reduction [162][163][164][165]. Chemical synthesis methods are

• currently among the most widely used approaches [104][166]. The second category in bottom-up synthesis methods consists of a set of techniques that incorporate the use of non-chemical reagents for the synthesis of silver nanostructures. Those techniques rely on the use of biological agents or bio-extracted

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

• Yuri Ya. Gafner,
• Svetlana L. Gafner,
• Darya A. Ryzkova and
• Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

• physical methods, each of which has its own drawbacks. Although it is very difficult to achieve the required target chemical composition of nanoparticles during chemical synthesis, their size can be stabilized quite well. In turn, physical synthesis methods mainly allow to maintain the required chemical

• atoms in the initial gas mixture leads to a decrease in the size of the synthesized nanoparticles. It was also noted that the nanoparticles obtained by condensation from the gas phase corresponded fairly well to the target chemical composition. This fact confirms the need to use physical synthesis

• methods for the production of Cu–Au nanoparticles. Size distribution of binary nanoparticles with the target composition of Cu3Au at a temperature of T = 1380 K. The MD simulation time is t = 5.5 ns. The inset shows the experimental size distribution based on the data presented in [3] for Cu3Au

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• state-of-the-art in metal-based nanoparticles, focusing on their synthesis methods, types, and their antimicrobial action. Different techniques used to synthesize metal-based nanoparticles were discussed, including chemical and physical methods and “green synthesis” methods that are free of chemical

• , physical methods have the highest economic and energetic costs [10]. Therefore, research has leaned towards chemical synthesis methods which are able to produce a large number of NPs in a shorter period of time [11]. The research in this area, especially the “green synthesis” methods, has undoubtedly

• received significant attention regarding their low environmental impact compared to other procedures [12][13]. There are different routes in which the green synthesis methods are applied through the use of microorganisms and plants in a safe, efficient, and profitable manner [14]. Different types of metal

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• agglomeration (i.e., highly porous supports) [16]. After years of development, conventional synthesis methods still have problems meeting the requirements for scalability of the synthesis and long-term stability of the resulting catalyst. In this work, we report on a novel one-step synthesis approach that not

• discussed in the following. Traditional multistep synthesis methods for Pt/C catalysts use supports, which are partially graphitized for reaching the required high electrical conductivity and durability. Therefore, the support surface is characterized by a low density of binding sites for anchoring Pt-NP

• critical process parameters, such as working pressure, carrier gas flow rate, substrate temperature, and gas composition, which allows the formation of small Pt-NPs (xc < 3 nm) with a narrow size distribution (σg < 1.3) even at high platinum loadings of more than 30 wt %. Compared to traditional synthesis

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• of iron oxides in the form of magnetite (Fe3O4) or maghemite (Fe2O3) and are easy to produce through a few well-documented synthesis methods yielding different forms and structures (e.g., round, cubic, hexagonal, clusters, core–shell with gold, silica, polymers, or surfactants). A lot of research is

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• presence of a catalyst [15] is one of the possible routes having high yield, while the direct mixing of H2 and O2 can be explosive in nature [16], and hence requires a large quantity of another gas such as N2 and CO2 to dilute the reactant gases [17]. Electrochemical synthesis methods such as the PEM fuel

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• nanoparticles or micro/nanostructures can be applied as a SERS sensor to detect adsorbed markers. Generally, nanoparticles can be fabricated as SERS substrates at low cost and high production via chemical synthesis methods [8][9][10][11][12][13], including chemical/electrochemical deposition and electrochemical

Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films

• Corentin Guyot,
• Philippe Vandestrick,
• Ingrid Marenne,
• Olivier Deparis and
• Michel Voué

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1768–1777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.172

• of their conduction electrons excited by incident light. They are strongly influenced by shape and size of the particles but also by the dielectric properties of their environment, in particular when particles are embedded in a dielectric matrix. There are numerous synthesis methods for such

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• nanowire synthesis was developed and reported in detail in the classic work of R. Wagner and W. Ellis [1]. Recently, with the use of this method, SnO2, In2O3, WO3, ZnO and other metal oxide nanowires were obtained [1][2][3][4][5]. Liquid phase synthesis methods have also been widely implemented [6][7][8][9

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• during the emulsion process, which makes this method inefficient in terms of cost and toxicity [35]. Therefore, facile synthesis methods involving water-based reactions at ambient conditions are needed for phosphor fabrication. In this study, a promising strategy has been introduced in order to meet

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• reported to be very sensitive to polar solvents, these methods result in the inevitable degradation of PNCs, especially for iodine-based PNCs [26][27][28]. Therefore, in order to obtain PNCs with high PL QY and stability, it is crucial to develop synthesis methods free of polar-solvents. To date, some

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

• Guochao Shi,
• Mingli Wang,
• Yanying Zhu,
• Yuhong Wang,
• Xiaoya Yan,
• Xin Sun,
• Haijun Xu and
• Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

• substrates with low consumption and high EF. However, these synthesis methods are either difficult to control, have a low yield or require harsh experimental conditions as well as sophisticated instrumentation. Hence, a controllable and convenient way to fabricate high-performance SERS substrates would be

Effects of post-lithography cleaning on the yield and performance of CVD graphene-based devices

• Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araujo,
• Thiago Alonso Stephan Lacerda de Sousa,
• Luciano de Moura Guimarães and
• Flavio Plentz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 349–355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.34

• electrical properties to surface phenomena and the existence of several routes for its surface functionalization, grant this 2D material plenty of application possibilities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Among the several synthesis methods of high-quality graphene, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) stands out as

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• fluorescence enhancement by organizing QDs on GNRs, and Anjali Kshirsagar et al. reported the electronic structure of free-standing and gold-attached passivated CdSe nanorods [24][25]. These studies covered the synthesis of GNR@CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles using different methods; however, most of these synthesis

• methods are complicated, and it is difficult to reproduce their preparation and desired applications. It is desirable to find a simple method to synthesize GNR@CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles in aqueous-phase which exhibit high PL emission and optimize the bioconjugated surfaces of these nanoparticles for

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• manufacturing methods, are yet another problem to be taken into consideration. The aim of this work was to investigate the correlation between the properties of nanoscale hydroxyapatite from different synthesis methods and biological activity represented by the viability of four cell lines: A549, CHO, BEAS-2B

• clear relationship between the shape and the cell assay results. Possible mechanisms of HAp NOAA–cell interactions The diversity of physicochemical characteristics of the studied hydroxyapatites, which are the result of the different synthesis methods, allowed for an analysis of the mechanisms of NOAA

• hydroxyapatites obtained through different synthesis methods, their applications and short-term impact on different cells, including an attempt to explain the mechanisms behind the toxic effect. Ten nanosized hydroxyapatite samples manufactured via different methods (combustion chemical vapour condensation, a wet

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• presence of phenyl groups on the surface of the layers. In this paper, various CaPhP synthesis methods were studied with the aim of obtaining a product most suitable for its subsequent exfoliation. The liquid-based approach was used for the exfoliation. It was found that the most promising technique for

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• synthesis methods resulting in a wide range of morphologies, such as mesoporous structures [4], microtubes [5], microdendrites, nanoparticles [6][7][8], nanorods [9][10], nanotubes [11][12][13], nanowires [14], and nanosheets [15][16]. Standing out from the rest of the synthesis techniques, electrochemical

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• synthesis methods, nanoparticles could be obtained (Figure 3). While the particles synthesized in a conventional batch reaction showed a wide dispersion and varying shapes in their TEM images (Figure 3A,B), iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized in droplets were more homogenous in size and shape (Figure 3C,D

The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• and capping agent due to different synthesis methods play secondary roles. Similar to Cl−, the addition of Ag+, Mg2+ or Ca2+ to cit-AgNPs mediates the electronic coupling between citrate and the metallic silver surface (Figure 5B). Indeed, right after adding 1 mM AgNO3 or 10−4 M MgSO4 or Ca(NO3)2, the

Nanocomposites comprised of homogeneously dispersed magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles and poly(methyl methacrylate)

• Sašo Gyergyek,
• David Pahovnik,
• Ema Žagar,
• Alenka Mertelj,
• Rok Kostanjšek,
• Miloš Beković,
• Marko Jagodič,
• Heinrich Hofmann and
• Darko Makovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1613–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.153

• enable the preparation of nanocomposite films by spin coating and the precipitation of a nanocomposite in a form that is easily milled into powders, for example. Therefore, it is desirable to develop synthesis methods to prepare them. In this paper we present a simple method for preparing magnetic iron

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98