Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• In this work, a silicon photodiode integrated with a piezoelectric membrane is studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) under modulated illumination. Time-dependent KPFM enables simultaneous quantification of the surface photovoltage generated by the photodiode as well as the resulting

• mechanical oscillation of the piezoelectric membrane with vertical atomic resolution in real-time. This technique offers the opportunity to measure concurrently the optoelectronic and mechanical response of the device at the nanoscale. Furthermore, time-dependent atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to

• ); time-dependent AFM; Introduction Light has been recognized as a versatile external energy source to actuate micro/nanorobots with outstanding merits of wireless, remote, and precise controllability [1][2][3][4]. Light-driven micro/nanorobots convert light into mechanical motion and are able to perform

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• 0.7 μA, approximately the dark current, which shows the excellent recovery ability of the device. The time-dependent photoresponse at a constant bias of 2 V under 30 s illumination with 395 nm light at different intensities is presented in Figure 3b. When the light is turned on, the photocurrent

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• data revealed a concentration-dependent effect, which increased within 48 and 72 h of treatment. The percentage of infection significantly reduces over time, indicating a time-dependent effect. The IC50 values were calculated for each treatment time and confirmed the results obtained (Figure 4B), that

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• toxic dyes, methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine B (RhB), using various doses of the nanocomposite. The degradation of toxic dyes using a nanocomposite catalyst was monitored in situ by measuring UV–vis absorption at ambient temperature, with the concentration changing in a time-dependent manner. The

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• of the foam floating at the air–water interface. (c) The water contact angle of the foam. (d–f) Time-dependent mass changes with and without the evaporator foam under different optical concentrations. Figure 12 was adapted from [34] (“A durable monolithic polymer foam for efficient solar steam

Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• operator, and the anticommutator {f, g}t = f(t1)g(t1, t2) + g(t1, t2)f(t2). We have dropped the coordinate dependence of the Green’s functions for simplicity of notation. We consider the time-dependent magnetization at the interface as an adiabatic perturbation that changes slowly compared to the timescale

• noticed that a fraction of the spin distribution is lying inside the gap and should not be taken into account. But in the time-dependent case, there is always an energy shift equal to ±ℏΩ/2. This energy shift appears in every time convolution. The real consequences of these undergap states may be found if

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• the successful endocytosis of AB-LNPs into 4T1 cells. However, free BDP did not show time-dependent cellular uptake (Figure 4c,d). Compared with free BDP, AB-LNPs showed significantly enhanced uptake efficiency, indicating that the nanoparticles can increase the internalization and accumulation of

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• possible time-dependent elastic behavior. Data processing of AFM AFM data were processed using the JPK SPM Data Processing program (DP) version 6.1.111. Force curves were extracted from the generated files, and four force–distance curves per particle were selected from pixels representing the middle of

• nanoparticles measured by MTT assay. (A) A549 cells incubated with blank GNPs, (B) hAELVi incubated with blank GNPs, (C) A549 cells incubated with FITC-dextran-loaded GNPs, and (D) hAELVi incubated with FITC-dextran-loaded GNPs. No concentration- or time-dependent cell viability reduction below 80% was

A superconducting adiabatic neuron in a quantum regime

• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Dmitriy A. Rybin,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Anastasiya A. Gorchavkina and
• Arkady M. Satanin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 653–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.57

• transformation of the input magnetic flux (Equation 2). We describe it using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation: Eigenvectors of the system are found by numerical solution of Equation 7 (see details in Appendix 2). Thereafter, from the evolution of average values of the phase and current operators we found

• time are determined by the system of N coupled equations where the time-dependent matrix elements appear. Their rate of change is given by . Note that if the adiabaticity condition, is satisfied for pairs of levels, then transitions between them become improbable. We consider the case where only the

• ), , according to According to Equation 7, the Schrödinger time-dependent equation, and hence the dynamics of the system, can be found from the following equation: where the auxiliary quantities are defined as with boundary conditions Appendix 3 We will use only the Born–Markov approximation and neglect the

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• dynamics. The heat and current autocorrelation function is a time-dependent factor which shows that the system stability increases with the simulated time period. At the start of the simulation, HACF shows instability as the system is in an unequilibrated state and the dynamics of the system have not yet

Plasma modes in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 292–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.24

• elsewhere. The system of two capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires. Time-dependent phase configurations describing a QPS event at t = 0 (red) and t > 0 (blue) together with propagating voltage pulses generated by this QPS event in a single superconducting nanowire. The same as in Figure 1 in the

• first of the two capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires. Each of the voltage pulses is split into two propagating with different velocities v±. Time-dependent phase configurations at t = 0 (red) and t > 0 (blue) together with propagating voltage pulses in the second of the two capacitively

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• density of 1 W·cm−2. This effect was time-dependent with longer irradiation leading to higher temperatures. Eventually, the solution temperature was elevated at the end of irradiation by a net increment of 24.1 °C. In contrast, only a modest increase of 10.2 °C was observed for saline solution, validating

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• trapping experiments and time-dependent ESR signals (Figure 16). Electrons and holes are equally important for photocatalysis [72]. Conclusion Regarding the improvement of the photocatalytic NO degradation over SnO2 nanomaterials there are many developments and approaches, such as BiOBr/SnO2, g-C3N4/SnO2

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• after polarization was found at the location of the ceria material, while the local increase of surface potential was found to affect both the ceria grain and the adjacent electron conductor. For both, a time-dependent relaxation process was observed, although the relaxation process of the region with

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• loss spectra for Pt(PF3)4 molecules in the gas phase were measured experimentally and compared with time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations in [26]. In the simulations presented below two values of the energy deposited into the molecule, namely 205 kcal/mol (8.9 eV) and 300 kcal/mol (13 eV) were

• , desorption, diffusion, and dissociation of molecules. The cumulative contribution of these processes defines the regime in which the FEBID is carried out, that is, the time-dependent concentration and distribution of precursors. Our approach is to replicate the regime representing the system’s state before

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• experimental studies are needed to calculate the ZT value with an accurate evaluation of the relaxation time. Optical properties The optical properties in solid materials are governed by the response of the electrons to time-dependent electromagnetic perturbations triggered by the shining of light. As a result

A new method for obtaining model-free viscoelastic material properties from atomic force microscopy experiments using discrete integral transform techniques

• Berkin Uluutku,
• Enrique A. López-Guerra and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1063–1077, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.79

• single Voigt unit in series with a spring. Details about the simulation and the material parameters can be found in the Methods section. Linear ramp stress is applied to the material, from which the corresponding strain is calculated. This calculation gives the stress vs strain as a time-dependent array

• transform). In Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6, it is demonstrated that this discrepancy also occurs for the FFT algorithm. Since non-unit circles of the z-plane correspond to the modified Fourier transforms of the system, which contain a time-dependent exponential component in addition to their

• are also areas of future work concerning the methods presented here. We have focused on the non-unit circles of the z-plane, corresponding to modified Fourier transforms of the operators, where each circle represents a combination of a harmonic response with a time-dependent exponential coefficient

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• ) and crystalline (λ > 670 nm) particles present. Time-dependent characteristics of Sb2S3. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 82: Additional SEM and TEM images, EDX data, and synthesis details. Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Michael Evans from Bruker Corporation and Michael Teck from

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Exploring the fabrication and transfer mechanism of metallic nanostructures on carbon nanomembranes via focused electron beam induced processing

• Christian Preischl,
• Linh Hoang Le,
• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 319–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.26

• not reported before [10][12][14][15][16][17]. The mechanism for the time-dependent deactivation process remains somewhat speculative. We narrow it down to two possibilities. First, it might be that the cross-linking is a competing effect, that is, activated carbon atoms are deactivated by cross

• and tAG = 4 h 3 min). (f) Local AE spectra recorded at the positions indicated with correspondingly colored stars. Results of time-dependent EBISA experiments followed by autocatalytic growth on a TPT SAM on Ag(111)/mica. All structures were written with Ebeam = 15 kV, Ibeam = 3 nA, and the same tAG

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• to the presence of the gold nanocarrier. Without laser treatment low drug release from the nanocomplex was observed. Laser-triggered DOX release was measured using the same laser treatment at different time intervals (2, 3, and 4 h) in which drug release was improved in a time-dependent manner. Less

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• midgut (e.g., Dronc, Caspase, and Trt). The research group also indicated that the expression levels of these enzymes within the silkworm midgut were considerably higher within the ZnO NPs exposed group when compared to control and toxicity of ZnO NPs was time-dependent because the antioxidant enzymes

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• Information File 1). b) Time-dependent DFT (TDDFT)-calculated excitation energy in explicit solvent reflecting the UV–vis measurements in toluene solution (see Tables S1–S3). The units are in Volt. P: pore area, W: wire area. High-resolution STM images revealing the bias-dependent intramolecular contrast of

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

• Cameron H. Parvini,
• M. A. S. R. Saadi and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 922–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.77

• advance and AFM setups can sustain faster data acquisition speeds, the resulting datasets will continue to become richer in time-dependent material information and provide a more complete understanding of how the sample material responds to stress. To maintain consistency between the approach outlined