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Search for "water content" in Full Text gives 64 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

  • Natalia E. Gervits,
  • Andrey A. Gippius,
  • Alexey V. Tkachev,
  • Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
  • Sergey S. Starchikov,
  • Igor S. Lyubutin,
  • Alexander L. Vasiliev,
  • Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
  • Maxim A. Abakumov,
  • Alevtina S. Semkina and
  • Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

Graphical Abstract
  • . The contrast between the tissues in MRI images depends on their properties such as fat and water content as well as on the sequence of the procedure parameters. There are three main characteristics that determine the contrast of the image: 1) proton density; 2) the spin–lattice relaxation time T1; and
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Published 02 Oct 2019

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

  • Yongcai You,
  • Ruirui Xing,
  • Qianli Zou,
  • Feng Shi and
  • Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

Graphical Abstract
  • their high water content and highly tunable mechanical properties, hydrogels as soft nanoarchitectonics and soft matter are well-suited in extensive applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and electronic and photonic energy storage [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Self-assembled peptide
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Published 18 Sep 2019

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

  • Ilka Simon,
  • Julius Hornung,
  • Juri Barthel,
  • Jörg Thomas,
  • Maik Finze,
  • Roland A. Fischer and
  • Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

Graphical Abstract
  • column). The water content measured by coulometric Karl-Fischer titration was below 10 ppm. Powder X-ray diffraction. PXRD data were obtained at ambient temperature on a Bruker D2 Phaser using a flat sample holder and Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.54182 Å, 35 kV). Samples had been precipitated with acetonitrile
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Published 21 Aug 2019

The impact of crystal size and temperature on the adsorption-induced flexibility of the Zr-based metal–organic framework DUT-98

  • Simon Krause,
  • Volodymyr Bon,
  • Hongchu Du,
  • Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski,
  • Ulrich Stoeck,
  • Irena Senkovska and
  • Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1737–1744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.169

Graphical Abstract
  • , which increase or decreases the crystal size, respectively. By changing the solvent, reaction time, concentration of acetic acid, and water content of the reaction mixture, four DUT-98 samples containing particles of different size, namely DUT-98(1)–(4) could be obtained (Figure 3). All solvated samples
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Published 20 Aug 2019

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

  • Przemyslaw Oberbek,
  • Tomasz Bolek,
  • Adrian Chlanda,
  • Seishiro Hirano,
  • Sylwia Kusnieruk,
  • Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
  • Ganna Nechyporenko,
  • Viktor Zinchenko,
  • Wojciech Swieszkowski and
  • Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

Graphical Abstract
  • retention can prevent cellular processes from occurring. The solubility is also connected to the content of crystallisation water [15] of the hydroxyapatite particles. In case of F201 and F202, that crystallisation-water content may be lower in comparison to other samples because of the spray-drying
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Published 27 Dec 2018

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotubes

  • Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
  • Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
  • Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
  • Luis G. Arriaga,
  • Janet Ledesma-García and
  • Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

Graphical Abstract
  • importantly, it has been recognized that several parameters of the anodization, such as electric field strength, water content in the electrolyte, concentration of fluorine ions and pH value, have a direct influence on the electronic properties of the TNTs [20]. Nevertheless, the modification procedures for
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Published 04 Oct 2018

Effect of electrospinning process variables on the size of polymer fibers and bead-on-string structures established with a 23 factorial design

  • Paulina Korycka,
  • Adam Mirek,
  • Katarzyna Kramek-Romanowska,
  • Marcin Grzeczkowicz and
  • Dorota Lewińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2466–2478, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.231

Graphical Abstract
  • structure. According to this study, the higher the concentration of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) ethanolic solution (higher solution viscosity) used, the thicker the fibers. In addition, both the type of solvent (its physicochemical properties) and the water content in the solvent turned out to be influential
  • in terms of the fiber surface morphology. It was also concluded that methanol and ethanol were best suited for electrospinning of PVP, in contrast to water and dimethylformamide (DMF), which prevented the polymer from spinning. What is more, the higher the water content of the solvent, the less
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Published 17 Sep 2018

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

  • Mykola Borzenkov,
  • Maria Moros,
  • Claudia Tortiglione,
  • Serena Bertoldi,
  • Nicola Contessi,
  • Silvia Faré,
  • Angelo Taglietti,
  • Agnese D’Agostino,
  • Piersandro Pallavicini,
  • Maddalena Collini and
  • Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

Graphical Abstract
  • water at room temperature. At this time point, the water content of swollen films was 93 ± 0.6% with a corresponding degree of swelling of 13.3 ± 0.8%.The corresponding parameters for the PVA film without GNSs were 92.6 ± 0.6% and 13.1 ± 0.8%, respectively. This negligible difference can be explained by
  • Milli-Q water for 24 h. Then, the water was removed and the samples were gently wiped with filter paper. After this, the weight of the swollen samples was determined (W1). The water content (WQ) was determined as the average value of each measurement according to following equation: The swelling degree
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Published 23 Jul 2018

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

  • Marvin Siebels,
  • Lukas Mai,
  • Laura Schmolke,
  • Kai Schütte,
  • Juri Barthel,
  • Junpei Yue,
  • Jörg Thomas,
  • Bernd M. Smarsly,
  • Anjana Devi,
  • Roland A. Fischer and
  • Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

Graphical Abstract
  • from RE(amd)3 in PC In addition to the ILs [BMIm][BF4] and [BMIm][NTf2], the organic and dried solvent PC (<10 ppm water content) (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1) was used for NP syntheses. The rare-earth metal amidinates RE(amd)3 with RE = Pr(III), Gd(III), Er(III) and Eu(dpm)3 were
  • since the amidinates are hygroscopic and air sensitive. Propylene carbonate (PC) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (99.7%) and was dried under high vacuum (1.0 Pa) for a few days. The water content of PC measured by using coulometric Karl Fischer titration (ECH/Analytik Jena AQUA 40.00) was less than 10
  • out by 1H and 13C NMR. Quantitative anion exchange and, thus, IL purity was assessed by ion chromatography (Dionex ICS-1100, with IonPac® AS22, 4 × 250 mm column) to be >99% for both ILs. The water content by coulometric Karl Fischer titration was less than 10 ppm for [BMIm][NTf2] and 30 ± 18 ppm for
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Published 28 Jun 2018

Preparation of micro/nanopatterned gelatins crosslinked with genipin for biocompatible dental implants

  • Reika Makita,
  • Tsukasa Akasaka,
  • Seiichi Tamagawa,
  • Yasuhiro Yoshida,
  • Saori Miyata,
  • Hirofumi Miyaji and
  • Tsutomu Sugaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1735–1754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.165

Graphical Abstract
  • , indicating a shrinkage of 0.8 times from the 500 nm diameter mold. These data indicate that the volume of the gelatin patterns decreased slightly during the drying process, presumably as a result of the high water content of the 20 wt % gelatin solution. Although pillar patterns with a diameter of 500 nm
  • and agar, it was difficult to fabricate surfaces of sufficient shape and size [14]. Because these colloidal solutions have a high water content they become very condensed during the gelling and drying processes. In this study, it is likely that a gelatin solution in the hole mold required to fabricate
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Published 11 Jun 2018

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

  • Razieh Beigmoradi,
  • Abdolreza Samimi and
  • Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

Graphical Abstract
  • or the polymeric membrane was directly dipped in a suspended mixture of CNTs. By using vacuum evaporation, the water content of the composite was ultimately evaporated. The latter CNT–polymer composite was then covered with a polysulfone (PSF) layer. The resulting composite was then pressed for 10–20
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Published 05 Feb 2018

Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting performance using morphology-controlled BiVO4 with W doping

  • Xin Zhao and
  • Zhong Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2640–2647, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.264

Graphical Abstract
  • different volume ratios was added. As shown in Figure 1a–c, the films prepared have a largely planar structure. With increasing water content, small pores emerge with a diameter of ca. 50 nm. Films prepared using water precursor solutions (Figure 1d–f) show nanoporous structures. With increasing EG content
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Published 07 Dec 2017

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids used as additives in the nanolubrication of silicon surfaces

  • Patrícia M. Amorim,
  • Ana M. Ferraria,
  • Rogério Colaço,
  • Luís C. Branco and
  • Benilde Saramago

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1961–1971, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.197

Graphical Abstract
  • in the lubricants Most ILs and PEG itself are very hygroscopic liquids the water content of which may increase during the tribological applications under ambient conditions. Thus, it is important to know the influence of water on the tribological performance of pure PEG and its mixtures. Two types of
  • : [EMIM][TfO], [BMIM][TfO] and [BMIM][DCA]. The values of the viscosity, η, at 25 °C and the water content of humid and dry liquids (PEG and PEG + IL mixtures) are presented in Table 1. The presence of water decreases the viscosity of PEG and its mixtures by about 5 mPa·s. Addition of ILs increases the
  • %, 2 wt % and 5 wt %, which showed similar results for 2 wt % and 5 wt %. The characterization of the PEG + IL mixtures with respect to the viscosity, η, at 25 °C, water content and contact angle on the silicon surface is described in Table 2. The viscosity of the mixtures is considerably higher than
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Published 20 Sep 2017

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

  • Benjamin Baumgärtner,
  • Hendrik Möller,
  • Thomas Neumann and
  • Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

Graphical Abstract
  • against 5 M ammonia solution for 3 days with 6 changes of the ammonia solution. The obtained white crystalline LPEI was washed with water and acetone and dried in a desiccator over silica gel under vacuum. The remaining water content is about 20 wt % as determined by thermogravimetric analysis
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Published 26 May 2017

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO2 nanorods

  • Romana Cerc Korošec,
  • Polona Umek,
  • Alexandre Gloter,
  • Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
  • Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

Graphical Abstract
  • at higher temperatures. This behavior was expected due to the low content of incorporated dopant ions. The main difference between the samples is in the content of adsorbed water, which is released between room temperature and around 250 °C together with the solvent (methanol). The water content
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Published 10 May 2017

Association of aescin with β- and γ-cyclodextrins studied by DFT calculations and spectroscopic methods

  • Ana I. Ramos,
  • Pedro D. Vaz,
  • Susana S. Braga and
  • Artur M. S. Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 348–357, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.37

Graphical Abstract
  • , water content of ca. 14% for β-CD and 9% for γ-CD) were kindly donated by Ashland Specialty Ingredients (Düsseldorf, Germany). All other materials and solvents were of analytical reagent grade. NMR spectroscopy One- and two-dimensional NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance 500 spectrometer at
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Published 03 Feb 2017

Impact of surface wettability on S-layer recrystallization: a real-time characterization by QCM-D

  • Jagoba Iturri,
  • Ana C. Vianna,
  • Alberto Moreno-Cencerrado,
  • Dietmar Pum,
  • Uwe B. Sleytr and
  • José Luis Toca-Herrera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 91–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.10

Graphical Abstract
  • ΔD (below 1 × 10−6) hint at a very thin film that can approximately be calculated to be about 5–6 nm, and at a low water content of the film. This result agrees with what is expected from the internal arrangement of the polymer [25]. However, this slight modification is sufficient to provide a new
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Published 11 Jan 2017

The cleaner, the greener? Product sustainability assessment of the biomimetic façade paint Lotusan® in comparison to the conventional façade paint Jumbosil®

  • Florian Antony,
  • Rainer Grießhammer,
  • Thomas Speck and
  • Olga Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2100–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.200

Graphical Abstract
  • in Lotusan® than in Jumbosil®. Similarly this applies to the 1.5 times higher water content of Lotusan® compared to Jumbosil®´s water content. On the other hand, the content of polymer dispersion in Jumbosil® is twice as high as the one in Lotusan®. The mass portion of fillers is 44% for Jumbosil
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Published 29 Dec 2016

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x-based cathode materials

  • Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
  • Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
  • Oleg A. Brylev,
  • Dmitry I. Petukhov and
  • Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

Graphical Abstract
  • carbonate (EC)–dimethyl carbonate (DMC)–diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1:1:1 by volume) was used as an electrolyte. According to Fischer titration data, the water content in the electrolyte did not exceed 25 ppm. In the course of cell assembly, the water content in the glove box did not exceed 0.5 ppm. All the
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Published 09 Dec 2016

“Sticky invasion” – the physical properties of Plantago lanceolata L. seed mucilage

  • Agnieszka Kreitschitz,
  • Alexander Kovalev and
  • Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1918–1927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.183

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  • , D-24118 Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.7.183 Abstract The mucilage envelope of seeds has various functions including the provision of different ways for the dispersal of diaspores. Chemical composition and water content of the mucilage yield particular adhesive and frictional properties in the
  • (Figure 3), presumably because of a different mucilage amount and water content in the envelope. The average time for reaching the maximum force was 16 ± 3 min. Very important and interesting was that the shape of the time-dependent pull-off force curves of individual seeds are very similar (Figure 3
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Published 05 Dec 2016

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

  • Alexandra M. Greiner,
  • Adria Sales,
  • Hao Chen,
  • Sarah A. Biela,
  • Dieter Kaufmann and
  • Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

Graphical Abstract
  • and water content of the gel [114]. In the elastomer polymer, only the cross-linking density is varied. The stiffness of PDMS is modified by altering the ratio between monomer and curing agent, curing temperature, and curing time [114][115][166]. The Young’s modulus of PDMS can vary from 0.1 kPa [114
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Published 08 Nov 2016

Biomechanics of selected arborescent and shrubby monocotyledons

  • Tom Masselter,
  • Tobias Haushahn,
  • Samuel Fink and
  • Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1602–1619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.154

Graphical Abstract
  • of the vascular bundles of D. marginata also with respect to relative radial and axial position within the plant stem (Figure 2C). In (1) only the Young’s moduli of the plants were assessed. In (2) material density, Young’s moduli, water-content and area-fraction of vascular bundles of the samples
  • Information File 2. In order to obtain dry density, water content and cross-sectional area as well as the number and area of vascular bundles for each of the mechanically tested samples, the samples were subsequently cut in one large and one small subsample. The small sample was embedded in PEG 2000 and thin
  • ) by the fresh volume (Vfresh) of the sample: The water content (WC) is the difference between the fresh mass (Mfresh) and the oven-dried mass (Mdry) divided by the fresh mass (Mfresh): The relative radial position of each sample was calculated (for all axial zones of all five plants) in order to be
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Published 07 Nov 2016

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

  • Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
  • Jacek Wojnarowicz,
  • Agnieszka Chodara,
  • Tadeusz Chudoba,
  • Stanislaw Gierlotka and
  • Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

Graphical Abstract
  • parameters, particle size, particle size distribution, water content, and structure. HAp nanoparticle morphology and structure were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed crystalline HAp was synthesized, which
  • thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results (Table 8) provided information about total water content. The surface water and structural water can be distinguished. While heating, the water adsorbed on the surface evaporates up to 200 °C, then the structural water is evaporated subsequently in the temperature range 200
  • –600 °C [62]. Even if this simplification is imprecise, it is sufficient to indicate trends in apatite hydration. Therefore, the total water content in our samples decreases in the following order: Type 1 HAp > Type 2 HAp > Type 3 HAp > Type 4 HAp > Type 5 HAp > Type 6 HAp (Figure 12
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Published 04 Nov 2016

Influence of ambient humidity on the attachment ability of ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata)

  • Lars Heepe,
  • Jonas O. Wolff and
  • Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1322–1329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.123

Graphical Abstract
  • presence of these secretions is crucial for the function of insect adhesive organs [6][36]. Adhesion is affected, if the water content of the secretion is manipulated by a water adsorbing substrate [28]. However, it is not clear, how the thickness and composition of the secretion fluid film are affected by
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Published 22 Sep 2016

Role of solvents in the electronic transport properties of single-molecule junctions

  • Katharina Luka-Guth,
  • Sebastian Hambsch,
  • Andreas Bloch,
  • Philipp Ehrenreich,
  • Bernd Michael Briechle,
  • Filip Kilibarda,
  • Torsten Sendler,
  • Dmytro Sysoiev,
  • Thomas Huhn,
  • Artur Erbe and
  • Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1055–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.99

Graphical Abstract
  • is known that in Mes contacts with a conductance of G ≈ 0.1G0 and with G ≈ 0.03G0 may form [18][19]. This effect appears more frequently upon ageing of the samples and is therefore attributed to the increasing water content with time [45]. Contamination with water would also explain the appearance of
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Published 22 Jul 2016
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