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Search for "wear" in Full Text gives 99 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Application of contact-resonance AFM methods to polymer samples

  • Sebastian Friedrich and
  • Brunero Cappella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1714–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.154

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  • modes including scanning under continuous contact wear and damage the sample and/or alter the surface roughness, the results of point CR measurements on bulk and thin films are presented. Though Young’s moduli of bulk polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) could be determined through the presented
  • . Keywords: atomic force microscopy; contact resonance; mechanical properties; polymers; wear; Introduction The development of new materials for applications on the nanoscale, such as thin polymer films, demands a reliable determination of their mechanical properties. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a very
  • samples with different cantilevers. The evident result of these measurements is that the polymer sample is worn or, more general, damaged during the scan. Scanning with the AFM tip leads to different forms of wear and modifications. When abrasion or plastic deformation are the dominant mechanisms, the
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Published 12 Nov 2020

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

  • Jingran Zhang,
  • Tianqi Jia,
  • Xiaoping Li,
  • Junjie Yang,
  • Zhengkai Li,
  • Guangfeng Shi,
  • Xinming Zhang and
  • Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

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  • , Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, P.R. China 10.3762/bjnano.11.139 Abstract Based on an
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Published 16 Oct 2020

An atomic force microscope integrated with a helium ion microscope for correlative nanoscale characterization

  • Santiago H. Andany,
  • Gregor Hlawacek,
  • Stefan Hummel,
  • Charlène Brillard,
  • Mustafa Kangül and
  • Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1272–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.111

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  • ), which are glued to the cantilevers, offer high aspect ratio and excellent resistance to wear [22]. Because tip wear is the main cause of cantilever failure, and because cantilever exchange in the HIM requires the user to vent the chamber, wear resistance is critically important. To maneuver the AFM
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Published 26 Aug 2020

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

  • Nicholas Chan,
  • Carrie Lin,
  • Tevis Jacobs,
  • Robert W. Carpick and
  • Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

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  • microscopy (AFM) [4][5], and nanolithography techniques [6]. In particular, material parameters, such as interfacial adhesion, friction and wear (in the case of translating surfaces), significantly impact the success of the aforementioned examples. For instance, micromirrors, present in DLP technology
  • such issues. For example, the adsorption of self-assembled monolayers on contacting surfaces is one method by which the surface can be modified to reduce the detrimental impacts of adhesion, friction and wear [15][16][17]. The nanometer length scales over which these processes modify surface
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Published 06 May 2020

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

  • Matthias Simolka,
  • Hanno Kaess and
  • Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

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  • the vertical tip deflection is recorded. Each point consists of a measurement period with a dc-voltage pulse of |3| V if not otherwise stated for 10 ms followed by a dc-voltage off period of 15 ms. The |3| V dc-voltage amplitude was chosen as a compromise to minimise tip wear while keeping a distinct
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Published 07 Apr 2020

Current measurements in the intermittent-contact mode of atomic force microscopy using the Fourier method: a feasibility analysis

  • Berkin Uluutku and
  • Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 453–465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.37

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  • challenges, it is well known that conductive tips can wear out rather easily, especially at the very apex and most especially in the case where coated tips are used, as opposed to solid conductive tips. In conventional C-AFM, small wear of the tip coating may not be as detrimental as it would be in an
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Published 13 Mar 2020

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

  • Jingran Zhang,
  • Tianqi Jia,
  • Yongda Yan,
  • Li Wang,
  • Peng Miao,
  • Yimin Han,
  • Xinming Zhang,
  • Guangfeng Shi,
  • Yanquan Geng,
  • Zhankun Weng,
  • Daniel Laipple and
  • Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

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  • /nanomachining methods [26][27][28][29][30] have been used to fabricate SERS substrates with two main advantages. First, the wear of the tip is negligible during machining on the metal surface due to the low hardness of the metals used (copper, aluminum). Second, the micro/nanomechanical machining method is
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Published 13 Dec 2019

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

  • Nahid Hosseini,
  • Matthias Neuenschwander,
  • Oliver Peric,
  • Santiago H. Andany,
  • Jonathan D. Adams and
  • Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

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  • cantilever made out of a polymer material do not meet the requirements for tip sharpness and durability. Combining the high imaging bandwidth of polymer cantilevers with making sharp and wear-resistant tips is essential for a future adoption of polymer cantilevers in routine AFM use. In this work, we have
  • prepared with acceptable radii for many imaging purposes [20]. However, the wear rate of SU8 is very high [24], which makes this and other polymers a nonideal tip material. Some attempts to coat SU8 cantilevers and tips with a more wear-resistant material (such as graphene) have been made [25], but yielded
  • fabrication of hydrogel probes requires processes that involve individual alignment and bonding [27]. The present work aims to overcome the primary limitation of polymer AFM cantilevers, namely the poor wear rate of polymer tips, by integrating a tip element made of a traditional tip material. The main
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Published 29 Nov 2019

Kelvin probe force microscopy work function characterization of transition metal oxide crystals under ongoing reduction and oxidation

  • Dominik Wrana,
  • Karol Cieślik,
  • Wojciech Belza,
  • Christian Rodenbücher,
  • Krzysztof Szot and
  • Franciszek Krok

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.155

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  • nanowire edges are due to technical artefacts, such as wear of the coating of the conductive probe). To better illustrate the differences, I–V characteristics of TiO and STO were collected and are presented in Figure 2c. Given the ohmic behavior at the TiO nanowire, the conductance of the whole system (tip
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Published 02 Aug 2019

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

  • Przemyslaw Oberbek,
  • Tomasz Bolek,
  • Adrian Chlanda,
  • Seishiro Hirano,
  • Sylwia Kusnieruk,
  • Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
  • Ganna Nechyporenko,
  • Viktor Zinchenko,
  • Wojciech Swieszkowski and
  • Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

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  • important to mention that the source of nanoparticle exposure could be not only the final product (from degradation or wear) but nanoparticles can also be released during the manufacturing process. Several studies have been previously conducted to assess the toxicity of nanoscale hydroxyapatite, but the
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Published 27 Dec 2018

In situ characterization of nanoscale contaminations adsorbed in air using atomic force microscopy

  • Jesús S. Lacasa,
  • Lisa Almonte and
  • Jaime Colchero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2925–2935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.271

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  • specified properties during AFM operation [19][20]. Tip degradation, either tip wear or tip contamination from the sample, is mainly induced by AFM operation [18][20][21]. Other kinds of contamination that may affect the tip are organic contamination from ambient air, metallic pollutants due to the
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Published 23 Nov 2018

Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

  • Camilo Florian Baron,
  • Alexandros Mimidis,
  • Daniel Puerto,
  • Evangelos Skoulas,
  • Emmanuel Stratakis,
  • Javier Solis and
  • Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

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  • well defined. In terms of biomimetics, these structures resemble the tiles found on the skin of the Python regius snake, whose microstructure makes it very resistant to damage from wear by reducing friction (c.f. Figure 2E). Laser-based surface texturing has been used to mimic this structure in steel
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Published 05 Nov 2018

Characterization of the microscopic tribological properties of sandfish (Scincus scincus) scales by atomic force microscopy

  • Weibin Wu,
  • Christian Lutz,
  • Simon Mersch,
  • Richard Thelen,
  • Christian Greiner,
  • Guillaume Gomard and
  • Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2618–2627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.243

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  • sandfish due to their ability to swim in loose, aeolian sand. Some studies report that this fascinating property of sandfish is accompanied by unique tribological properties of their skin such as ultra-low adhesion, friction and wear. The majority of these reports, however, is based on experiments
  • conducted with a non-standard granular tribometer. Here, we characterise microscopic adhesion, friction and wear of single sandfish scales by atomic force microscopy. The analysis of frictional properties with different types of probes (sharp silicon tips, spherical glass tips and sand debris) demonstrates
  • analysing the locomotion of sandfish in granular media via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging [2] or high-speed X-ray imaging [4] indeed show that the movement of a sandfish resembles that of swimming fishes. It is surprising that sandfishes manage to bury and swim in sand without visible wear on
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Published 02 Oct 2018

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

  • Johannes Schneider,
  • Vergil Djamiykov and
  • Christian Greiner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2561–2572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.238

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  • and wear are responsible for more than 20% of the world’s total energy consumption [1]. This staggering number demonstrates that tribology, the study of interacting surfaces in relative motion, is a prime candidate when it comes to reducing CO2 emissions and discovering a more efficient use of
  • resources. In order to do so, new strategies for optimized tribological systems have to be considered. Among them are the formulation of new lubricants [2][3], novel coatings [4][5][6], a more thorough understanding of the basic materials science principles governing friction and wear of bulk materials [7
  • demonstrated, for example, that sandfish skin exhibits low friction and little wear [25][26]. The development of manufactured surface textures that are inspired by animals with scale-like surface morphology has resulted in fascinating insights. For texturing a titanium alloy, a lithography-based method was
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Published 26 Sep 2018

Evidence of friction reduction in laterally graded materials

  • Roberto Guarino,
  • Gianluca Costagliola,
  • Federico Bosia and
  • Nicola Maria Pugno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2443–2456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.229

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  • , display setae with a graded stiffness that optimises the adhesive performance on rough surfaces [1]. Hardness and stiffness gradients are of fundamental importance in the biomechanics of contacts, since they allow increased resistance against wear, impact, penetration and crack propagation [2][3][4][5][6
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Published 13 Sep 2018

Nanotribology

  • Enrico Gnecco,
  • Susan Perkin,
  • Andrea Vanossi and
  • Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2330–2331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.217

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  • : nanotribology; nanoadhesion; nanofriction; Nanotribology is a young and dynamic field of research which aims to investigate friction, wear and adhesion phenomena down to the nanometer scale. Since these phenomena occur in all natural, artificial or conceptual situations involving two surfaces (at least) in
  • (e.g., circular mode AFM) for investigation of abrasive wear are proposed by Noel et al. [10]. Considering the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, and the variety of materials, lubricants, and possible applications, the previous examples, in spite of their high quality, are still not enough to
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Editorial
Published 28 Aug 2018

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

  • Andrea Vanossi,
  • Dirk Dietzel,
  • Andre Schirmeisen,
  • Ernst Meyer,
  • Rémy Pawlak,
  • Thilo Glatzel,
  • Marcin Kisiel,
  • Shigeki Kawai and
  • Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

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  • “Trapped optical systems: ions and colloids” reviews recent experiments and theory exploring the depinning and sliding mechanisms in analog model systems controlled by forces generated by electromagnetic fields. A successive section “Controlling friction and wear at the nanometer scale” addresses novel
  • states were shown to be compatible with thermal fluctuations [126], going beyond previous conclusions based on a simpler model [127]. Simulations also investigated the role of graphene as lubricant and anti-wear agent [128][129]. An extremely low friction was demonstrated as long as load remains weak. At
  • larger load graphene breaks down, the superlubric behavior is lost, and the ordinarily regime of large friction and rapid wear is recovered. Also in the context of simulations, a special “quantized” sliding-velocity regime [130][131][132][133][134] was identified and characterized by the confined solid
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Published 16 Jul 2018

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

  • Elena A. Trusova and
  • Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

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  • important for creating fine-grained ceramics with specified structure and properties. Fine-grained ceramics need a homogenous structure to provide its unique properties of plasticity, high strength, wear-resistance, etc. [12]. We previously reported on the synthesis of nanostructured catalysts consisting of
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Published 12 Jun 2018

Friction force microscopy of tribochemistry and interfacial ageing for the SiOx/Si/Au system

  • Christiane Petzold,
  • Marcus Koch and
  • Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1647–1658, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.157

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  • wear. Friction, wear, and the re-passivation by oxides are discussed based on results for the temporal development of friction forces, on images of the scanned area after friction force microscopy experiments, and on electron microscopy of the tips. Keywords: contact ageing; friction; nanotribology
  • ; tribochemistry; wear; Introduction Contact ageing, the strengthening of contacts after formation, is an important phenomenon in tribology, with impact ranging from the nano-scale (NEMS and MEMS) [1][2] to the macro-scale (sliding of rock in earthquakes) [3][4]. Different microscopic mechanisms for contact
  • structure [10], for which friction maxima have been predicted [11]. Friction force microscopy (FFM) is a key method to investigate the microscopic mechanisms underlying friction, wear, and lubrication as it allows for measurements of static and kinetic friction of single nanometer-scale contacts. In FFM, an
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Published 05 Jun 2018

Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

  • Jonathan Op de Beeck,
  • Nouha Labyedh,
  • Alfonso Sepúlveda,
  • Valentina Spampinato,
  • Alexis Franquet,
  • Thierry Conard,
  • Philippe M. Vereecken,
  • Wilfried Vandervorst and
  • Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

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  • stressing at 10 V, a net drop in conductivity (or observed current) is visible (10 V box Figure 1f). Since the observed morphology hardly changes (only a small effect is visible in case of a 10 V bias), taking tip wear into account, we believe that our bias stress up to 5 V does not induce modifications to
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Published 04 Jun 2018

Atomistic modeling of tribological properties of Pd and Al nanoparticles on a graphene surface

  • Alexei Khomenko,
  • Miroslav Zakharov,
  • Denis Boyko and
  • Bo N. J. Persson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1239–1246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.115

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  • wear at the atomic level [2][8][10][12][15][16][17][18][19]. Preliminarily MD studies were carried out for the formation and friction of Ag, Ni, Au, Cu nanoparticles on graphene [10][11]. This paper extends the study to Al and Pd nanoparticles [17]. Besides, in previous papers the temperature
  • temperature T and the pressure P fluctuate. In terms of statistical mechanics, conventional MD yields quantities averaged over the microcanonical ensemble NVE (N is the number of molecules) [12], but experiments with a constant temperature correspond to the canonical ensemble NVT. Friction and wear phenomena
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Published 19 Apr 2018

Scanning speed phenomenon in contact-resonance atomic force microscopy

  • Christopher C. Glover,
  • Jason P. Killgore and
  • Ryan C. Tung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 945–952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.87

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  • , we have controlled for the effect of tip wear by rigorously pre-wearing the AFM tip and randomizing the order of data collection. Tip wear can significantly alter the geometry of a new AFM tip and thus the measured CR frequency. These wear effects must be accurately accounted for. It is well-known
  • that the majority of tip wear happens early in the usage cycle of the microcantilever when the tip is pristine and extremely sharp [24][25]. By pre-wearing the tip, we ensure that large scale geometric evolution of the tip does not occur. Additionally, to control for the effect of wear over time, the
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Published 21 Mar 2018

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

  • Sven Oras,
  • Sergei Vlassov,
  • Marta Berholts,
  • Rünno Lõhmus and
  • Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

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  • adhesion may result in additional energy losses and wear at the interface. When it comes to the nanoscale, high adhesion can completely prevent the fabrication or functioning of micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) with movable parts. Strong adhesion is necessary for keeping different
  • to take all aspects into account and give decisive explanation of the obtained results and broad scattering of measured values. Possible reasons may include deviation of NPs geometry from spherical shape, variation of the tip radii between different AFM probes, contamination and wear of the AFM tip
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Published 20 Feb 2018

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

  • Liga Jasulaneca,
  • Jelena Kosmaca,
  • Raimonds Meija,
  • Jana Andzane and
  • Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

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  • lead to modification of the properties of the contacting materials. Alternatively, modifying the stiffness of the switching element can shift the jump-in and jump-off voltages and thus change the on–off hysteretic loop. Adhesion in the contact may be impacted by the surface wear occurring during
  • repetitive on–off switching. An AFM-based study on the nanoscale wear of diamond-like carbon against and ultra-nanocrystalline diamond showed that the surface wear increases the size of the contact by gradually removing atoms at discrete sites and is a thermally activated stress-assisted process [79]. This
  • experiment was carried out with an AFM in amplitude modulation mode complemented with molecular dynamics simulations. An exponential wear rate dependence on the peak force load was found, suggesting that lower contact forces are needed to reduce the wear rate. It should be noted that for soft materials
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Published 25 Jan 2018

Material discrimination and mixture ratio estimation in nanocomposites via harmonic atomic force microscopy

  • Weijie Zhang,
  • Yuhang Chen,
  • Xicheng Xia and
  • Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2771–2780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.276

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  • modulation and resonance frequency in contact resonance AFM are used to extract the mechanical properties quantitatively [16][17]. However, the continuous tip–sample contact may cause severe sample damage or tip wear. In tapping mode, the tip can touch the sample periodically. Due to the nonlinear contact
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Published 21 Dec 2017
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