Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• nucleic acids are RNAs, DNAs, and derivatives thereof that regulate the expression of target genes [57][58][59]. Typical examples are antisense DNA, small interfering RNA (siRNA), aptamers, and ribozymes/DNAzymes. Owing to the accurate targeting at pathogenic genes, they are promising for various

• compounds. Because of the decomposition of nanomedicines through these two pathways, the siRNA was efficiently released in target cells and silenced the pathogenic gene. 3.3 Simultaneous delivery of multiple types of therapeutic drugs When two types of therapeutic DNA (or RNA) drugs are simultaneously

• accommodated. Both antisense DNA and siRNA have been delivered by β-CyD-based nanoparticles [68]. First, two groups of seven antisense DNA strands were covalently connected to each of two β-CyD molecules. In order to bind siRNA to these antisense DNAs, each of the two strands of siRNA was extended in the 3

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• commercially available antibiotics. The main parameters that determine the antibacterial action of CQDs are generation of reactive oxygen species, cytoplasm leakage due to DNA binding, and gene expression modulation [28]. In addition, the CQD surface charge affects very much the antibacterial activity of CQDs

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• , metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) are of particular interest for such applications as they exhibit impressive antibacterial and antifungal properties. Unlike antibiotics for example, that target cell wall synthesis, translational machinery and DNA replication inside bacteria cells [7], MNPs simply attack

• the bacterial cell membrane [19][20], allowing its penetration inside the cytoplasm. This leads to the leakage of cellular components through the pores of the perforated cellular membrane. Once inside, the ions promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, deactivate proteins, and block DNA

• with compounds generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) or blocks DNA replication and protein action (enzymes), thereby leading to cell death. The increased growth inhibition observed for C. albicans compared to E. coli could be explained in part by the difference in kinetics of silver penetration into

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• experimentally utilized to drive particles with a spherical cavity and complementary microspheres to form colloidal clusters [18]. Colloidal chains have been obtained by the assembly of Janus particles with one face selectively functionalized with DNA containing a self-complementary sticky end [19], particles

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• perform, robust to operate, and inexpensive to conduct [6][7]. With diverse compatible ink choices ranging from simple organic molecules [6] to silicones [8], proteins [9][10], DNA [11], and living cells [12], microcontact-printing-correlated techniques have shown great potential in biochemical research

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• and discard toxic residual surfactants, which would otherwise limit biological applications. Biopolymers such as DNA and RNA have been widely proven to disperse SWCNTs. Nucleic acids even exhibit sequence-dependent wrapping around nanotubes with different chiralities [12][13][14][15]. The remarkable

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• compounds act as reducing agents, as well as to changes in the shape, size, and size distribution of the resulting Ag nanoparticles. Cytotoxic behavior It has been reported that several cytotoxic mechanisms of AgNPs can cause DNA, mitochondrial, and cell membrane damage as well as apoptosis [44]. Here, the

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• Southeast Asian box turtle, Cuora amboinensis, is an ecologically important endangered species which needs an onsite monitoring device to protect it from extinction. An electrochemical DNA biosensor was developed to detect the C. amboinensis mitochondrial cytochrome b gene based on an in silico designed

• electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The thiol-modified synthetic DNA probe was immobilised on modified SPCEs to facilitate hybridisation with the reverse complementary DNA. The turtle DNA was distinguished based on hybridisation-induced electrochemical change in the presence of methylene blue compared to

• their mismatches, noncomplementary, and nontarget species DNA measured by DPV. The developed biosensor exhibited a selective response towards reverse complementary DNAs and was able to discriminate turtles from other species. The modified electrode displayed good linearity for reverse complementary DNAs

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• quenched the fluorescence of DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs), while the strong chelation between glyphosate and Cu2+ restored the fluorescence of the nanoclusters. The method showed good linearity in the concentration range of 1 ng/mL–50 ng/mL, and the detection limit reached 0.2 ng/mL. In

• target nanotubes to Si tips under scanning electron microscopy; and attaching nanotubes to Si tips by carbon deposition. The strong adhesion of carbon deposition produces nanotube tips capable of surviving multiple surface collisions. The ability to image the fine structure of double-stranded DNA

• chloramphenicol based on a vesicular quantum dot-gold colloid composite probe. They successfully developed a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based on chloramphenicol (CAP) detection in food. Vesicular nano tracers were prepared by labeling single-stranded DNA-binding proteins on single-stranded

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• forms (enantiomers) that are mirror images of each other. It is a mysterious phenomenon that almost all chiral molecules in living organisms are found in one form, such as right-handed sugars, left-handed amino acids, and right-handed DNA coils. Scientists coined the term “homochirality” to describe

• (e.g., DNA analysis, microorganism assays, nucleic acid detection, pharmaceutical substance detection, and gas monitoring) and also a powerful tool for chiral recognition [23][24][25]. The sensitivity and specificity of QCM-based chiral sensors largely depend on the recognition layers on the surface of

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• , proteins, DNA, and amino acids [39][40][41]. The O2 causes biomembrane oxidation reactions, damaging tissues [42]. Furthermore, it is reasonable to explain that the additional toxicity that causes bacterial death is due to the fact that zinc solubilization releases Zn2+ ions which can infiltrate into

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• ]. Godavarthi et al. used seaweed (Sargassum fluitans) to synthesize N-CDs. 1H NMR and 13C NMR were used to analyze Sargassum fluitans and showed that amino acids acted as a nitrogen source, for the preparation of N-CDs. The reported N-CDs were used as a fluorescence probe to detect DNA, and gel electrophoresis

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• MD/binary collision approximation (BCA) simulations. ReaxFF simulations can cover a broad range of applications: from DNA molecule bombardments with heavy atoms [31] to graphene layer deposition on copper surfaces [32]. Numerous simulations using the ReaxFF potential have been conducted in the past

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• the target [17]. The CE separation efficiency allows for high-affinity aptamers to be obtained with only three to five rounds. Our present study demonstrates, for the first time, the application of CE-SELEX to obtain DNA aptamers for the ZIKV NS1 protein. In particular, the ZIKV60 aptamer (patent

• , and T at each position and was purchased from IDT DNA Technologies [18]. CE-SELEX Three CE-SELEX selection cycles were performed. To initiate in vitro selection, 800 μM ssDNA was heated at 95 °C for 5 min, snap-cooled on ice for 15 min and left at room temperature for 10 min. After that, it was

• , 0.2 μM forward primer (5′-CTTCTGCCCGCCTCCTTCC-3′), 0.2 μM reverse primer (5′-AGTGTCCGCCTATCTCGTCTCC-3′), 1 U Taq DNA polymerase high fidelity (Invitrogen), and 50 mM MgSO4 in 1× high fidelity PCR buffer. The PCR thermocycling parameters were 94 °C for 2 min for denaturation followed by 17 cycles of

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs, Figure 5) designed to operate as DNA biosensors. Two batches of GFETs having a topmost graphene channel (75 µm width × 25 µm length) were fabricated (see details in Supporting Information File 1). In the first batch [37][38] (including 1755 GFETs

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• coordination polymers as envelopes for the bio-entities. On the basis of the sensitive coordination bonds, the stored bio-entities may be released from solution triggered by pH value or other factors. In 2015, Falcaro et al. demonstrated that monocrystalline ZIF-8 can take up proteins, enzymes, and DNA [104

• macropore. THF is tetrahydrofuran. (b) SEM image of SOM-ZIF-8. (c) Representative SEM images of SOM-ZIF-8. Figure 5 is from [117]. Reprinted with permission from AAAS. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Schematic illustration of a superlattice assembled by DNA-functionalized UiO-66 nanoparticles

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• after pesticide use. Due to its high nondegradability, pesticides can stay more often on the surface of fruits and vegetables; sometimes, it can also penetrate into the peel of vegetables and fruits [1]. Organophosphorus insecticides react with biomolecules either via deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• bacterial cell membrane and inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and DNA [15]. Chu et al. [16] reported that BBR showed no antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the range of concentrations from 1 to 64 µg/mL. However, inhibition of MRSA biofilm formation was

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• cancer cells. In another work, Basu et al. designed a novel sensing system using DNA-functionalized GNPs. GNPs have a strong binding affinity to phosphate and sugar groups in DNA [20]. The combined GNPs-DNA has unique physicochemical properties and was used to detect Mg2+. Furthermore, Liu et al

Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications

• Sharali Malik and
• George E. Kostakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38

• research. R. E. Franklin, best known for her poorly acknowledged role in discovering the structure of DNA, formulated the first structural models for what is now known as glassy carbon and coined the terms “graphitizing” and “non-graphitizing carbons” to describe these materials in the 1940s [2][3]. B

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• ]. Biological scaffolds can be programmed through predictable chemical interactions, such as DNA base pairing, disulfide bond formation, and metal coordination, to form complex, well-defined nanostructures [5][6]. Viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) possess many advantageous properties for biotemplating

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• excretion [33]. When a TiO2 nanomaterial circulates through the body, certain biomolecules (such as proteins, phospholipids, or DNA contained in biological fluids or present in living cells) get adsorbed onto the surface of it very quickly, which is termed as “protein corona (PC)” formation. This protein

• alterations of coenzyme A-dependent enzyme activities and DNA damaging via hydroxyl radicals [80]. Furthermore, DNA is sensitive to oxidative damage. In particular, OH* produced by a Fenton reaction attacks the sugar–phosphate backbone leading to the strand break [81]. Interestingly, due to the efficacy of

• nanoparticles. TiO2 acts as a DNA intercalator in the cytoplasm, causing DNA damage by generating reactive oxygen species. The explicit cytotoxicity evaluation of TiO2, as well as of the incorporated drug molecules, is a major research concern. Moreover, optimal fabrication, in-depth mechanical stability

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• inhibit DNA synthesis in bacteria, and similar effects are also seen on RNA and protein syntheses [44][45]. In addition, glutaraldehyde particularly acts on the outer layers of E. coli and cross-links lipoproteins and proteins there as well. This fixation of bacteria prevents the bacterial cells from

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• -stranded PIC, this solution was heated to 55 °C then cooled back to room temperature according to the instructions from the manufacturer. As DNA plasmids, GFP plasmids (16542: pBI-MCS-EGFP) were purchased from Addgen, propagated in DH5α competent E. coli bacteria, and purified using the QIAGEN EndoFree

• Plasmid Maxi kit. For this purpose, first the bacteria were cultured in Luria–Bertani agar for single colony selection. The obtained colonies were then grown in Luria–Bertani broth growth medium. Later, the GFP plasmid DNA was isolated from these cells using the QIAGEN Plasmid DNA isolation kit and

• -EDTA (TBE) (Alfa Aesar, USA) buffer and boiled at 100 °C. After cooled down to 70 °C, 4 µL of ethidium bromide (10 mg/mL) was added and the gel was poured into a gel electrophoresis unit. A volume of 50 µL of the solutions containing 4 µg of PIC were mixed with 5 µL of a 6× DNA gel-loading buffer

Alteration of nanomechanical properties of pancreatic cancer cells through anticancer drug treatment revealed by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoteng Liang,
• Shuai Liu,
• Xiuchao Wang,
• Dan Xia and
• Qiang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1372–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.101

• ultrastructure of living cells [15][16], cell membranes, membrane proteins [17][18] and DNA [19], and through recording single molecular force spectra [20][21]. However, the morphology and the nanoscale mechanical properties of malignant pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) under anticancer drug treatment have not