Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms

• Bin Song,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Jia Liu,
• Xiaoli Feng,
• Ting Zhou and
• Longquan Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57

• . This was accompanied by elevated levels of ROS, MDA, constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO), and inhibited activities of SOD, CAT, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and AChE

• , in the hippocampal area. Meanwhile, the ROS levels were enhanced, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, ascorbate peroxidase (Apx), and GSH-Px were inhibited. In addition, the ratios of AsA to DAsA and GSH to GSSG were decreased. These changes suggested that apoptosis and OS

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• preventive or protective properties with regard to human health. They are not essential for the human body to survive but they can act as antioxidant, enzyme stimulator, or antibacterial agent, and they can interfere with DNA to prevent the multiplication of cancer cells. Researchers found that several

Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of natural bentonite-supported copper nanoparticles for the solvent-free synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles and reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Akbar Rostami-Vartooni,
• Mohammad Alizadeh and
• Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2300–2309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.236

• , the use of plants as a natural and biological source for biosynthesis of nanoparticles should be explored. Common thyme with the scientific name Thymus vulgaris is one of the plants indigenous to Iran which is valued for its antiseptic and antioxidant properties [19]. Thymol (1), carvacrol (2), p

Electrochemical behavior of polypyrrol/AuNP composites deposited by different electrochemical methods: sensing properties towards catechol

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Cristina Medina-Plaza,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• Yolanda Blanco,
• José Antonio de Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2052–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.209

• detection of phenolic compounds, which are strong antioxidant reagents present in foods, with beneficial effects on human health [23]. As phenols are electroactive compounds, they can be detected by amperometric or voltammetric techniques using graphite or platinum electrodes [24][25][26]. In addition

• based on electrodeposited Ppy/AuNps for the detection of catechol (an antioxidant of interest in the food industry) and to evaluate the influence of the electrodeposition method in their performance. For this purpose Ppy/AuNp films doped with 1-decanesulfonic acid (DSA) were deposited using different

Fulleropeptide esters as potential self-assembled antioxidants

• Mira S. Bjelaković,
• Tatjana J. Kop,
• Jelena Đorđević and
• Dragana R. Milić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1065–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.107

• delocalization of the π-electronic system over the C60 sphere, its antioxidant capacity remained high for all twelve derivatives. The compounds expressed up to two-fold and 5–12-fold better peroxide quenching capacity as compared to pristine C60 and standard antioxidant vitamin C, respectively. During

• precipitation and slow evaporation of the solvent, all compounds underwent spontaneous self-assembly giving ordered structures. The size and morphology of the resulting particles depend primarily on the sample concentration, and somewhat on the side chain structure. Keywords: antioxidant activity; cyclic

• , Keller et al. [18] reported the synthesis of fullerenedihydropyrrole cationic peptides, which did not show antibacterial activity. Neuroprotective and antioxidant properties are based on the fact that fullerene derivatives possess an extended π-bond system, with high electron and free-radical species

Novel ZnO:Ag nanocomposites induce significant oxidative stress in human fibroblast malignant melanoma (Ht144) cells

• Syeda Arooj,
• Samina Nazir,
• Akhtar Nadhman,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Bakhtiar Muhammad,
• Ishaq Ahmad,
• Kehkashan Mazhar and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 570–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.59

• up-regulation of the antioxidant defense system as a possible mechanism for the enhanced cytotoxicity by ZnO:Ag NPs. These findings show that the incorporation of Ag in the nanocomposites substantially enhances the photo-oxidative effect and anticancer activity of the NPs. The presence of Ag

Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• Mytilineou et al. [30], where the LD exposed to mesencephalic cultures at 72 h of treatment was associated with a dose-dependent reduction in cell survival. The authors attributed the potential toxicity of LD to the decreased antioxidant capacity in the limited environment of the cell culture that makes the

Interaction of dermatologically relevant nanoparticles with skin cells and skin

• Annika Vogt,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Berouz Nazemi,
• Chun Sik Choe,
• Maxim E. Darvin,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Ulrike Blume-Peytavi,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Matthias Epple,
• Christina Graf,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Martina C. Meinke and
• Jürgen Lademann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2363–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.245

• antioxidant levels as indicators of oxidative stress [16], it is now increasingly being used to study particle–skin interactions [17][18]. Yet, not all particle types are equally suited for such investigations. In the following, we report our results on confocal Raman microscopy for analyzing the skin

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• graphene close to the defects and at the edges. Under prolonged periods of ultrasonication, the oxidation can cut graphene sheets into small pieces. A well-known strategy to mitigate the damage induced by radicals in different biological processes is through the addition of antioxidant. Following this

• approach, the ultrasonication of graphite upon addition of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine (tiopronin) was reported [9]. Tiopronin is an antioxidant molecule that traps electrons, radicals and peroxides. The ultrasonication of graphite in the presence of tiopronin produced larger graphene layers as compared

• produces dispersions of larger graphene sheets of higher concentration than common ultrasonication in DMF. With this, it was demonstrated that the use of antioxidant molecules during ultrasonication treatments reduces the damage caused by radicals and other oxidizing chemical species, attacking mainly the

Nanobioarchitectures based on chlorophyll photopigment, artificial lipid bilayers and carbon nanotubes

• Marcela Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu,
• Stefan Marian Iordache,
• Ana Maria Iordache,
• Nicoleta Badea and
• Camelia Ungureanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2316–2325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.240

• stability, good antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and could be used as biocoating materials. As compared to the cholesterol-free samples, the cholesterol-containing hybrid structures demonstrated better stability (i.e., their zeta potential reached the value of −36.4 mV), more pronounced oxygen

• radical scavenging ability (affording an antioxidant activity of 73.25%) and enhanced biocidal ability, offering inhibition zones of 12.4, 11.3 and 10.2 mm in diameter, against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively. Keywords: antibacterial activity; antioxidant

• largely used as drug delivery vehicles, showing potential in targeting specific cancer cells [18] with a necessary dosage lower than conventional drugs, without harming healthy cells and significantly reduced side effects. Another interesting property of carbon nanotubes is their antioxidant activity

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments

• Sebastian Ahlberg,
• Alexandra Antonopulos,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Ralf Dringen,
• Matthias Epple,
• Rebekka Flöck,
• Wolfgang Goedecke,
• Christina Graf,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Jens Helmlinger,
• Fabian Herzog,
• Frederike Heuer,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Christian Johannes,
• Stefanie Kittler,
• Manfred Köller,
• Katrin Korn,
• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Fritz Krombach,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Eva M. Luther,
• Marcelina Malissek,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Anne Pailliart,
• Jörg Raabe,
• Fiorenza Rancan,
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Andreas Seibel,
• Christina Sengstock,
• Lennart Treuel,
• Annika Vogt,
• Katrin Weber and
• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1944–1965, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.205

• nanoparticles neither caused toxicity nor oxidative stress, while an incubation for 4 h with 100 µM (10.8 µg mL−1) silver in the form of silver nitrate strongly damaged cultured astrocytes and deprived these cells almost completely of the important antioxidant glutathione [108]. The high resistance of cultured

Precise quantification of silica and ceria nanoparticle uptake revealed by 3D fluorescence microscopy

• Adriano A. Torrano and
• Christoph Bräuchle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1616–1624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.173

• , several investigations showed that the toxicity increases with decreasing particle sizes, increasing doses and longer exposure times [14][15][16]. In the case of ceria nanoparticles, very contradictory findings have been reported. On the one hand, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and radio-protective

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• , increased levels of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected over a time period of 48 h [22][25][26]. Environmental stressors trigger the production of intracellular ROS, which can overwhelm the cellular antioxidant defence system. ROS can cause DNA damage, which results in the

Glassy carbon electrodes modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the determination of ascorbic acid by square-wave voltammetry

• Sushil Kumar and
• Victoria Vicente-Beckett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 388–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.45

• no significant difference (P = 0.05). Keywords: ascorbic acid; carbon nanotubes; glassy carbon electrode; square-wave voltammetry; Introduction L-ascorbic acid (AA), also known as vitamin C, is a well-known antioxidant, which helps the human body to reduce oxidative damage and protects food quality

• -wave voltammetry (SWV), have been employed as alternative tools for the evaluation of antioxidant activity [8]. These methods are attractive because of the speed of analysis, simplicity and low cost of the instrumental requirements. Ascorbic acid oxidation at a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE