The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

• estimate that the high levels of BM accumulation for this liposome formulation were probably due to the presence of 20% DSPG in the liposomal bilayer. This yields an overall anionic surface, which is known to have an affinity for the scavenger receptor on BM macrophages. Other polyanions, such as dextran

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• -dispersion. A CTAB bilayer remained non-covalently bound onto the GNRs surface to maintain the stability of the final product. The longitudinal localized plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the transverse plasmon resonance (TSPR) of the prepared GNRs were found to be 780 and 526 nm, respectively. TEM images display

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• -wheel-like structural motif. The complex pattern of this hexagonally shaped titanium oxide film is due to the moiré effect on the underlying metallic substrate. Both phases consist of an oxygen-terminated bilayer with a stoichiometric TiO phase [22], such that the structural differences are triggered by

• purpose, an oxide surface with a lower defect concentration should be more promising. W3O9 adsorption on the w’-TiOx phase grown on Pt3Ti(111) Figure 2a and Figure 2b show the less defective w’-TiOx phase with its characteristic wagon-wheel structure caused by a moiré pattern of the Ti–O bilayer and the

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• CNM and a c-His PM. The c-His PM consists of BR (purple) with a lipid bilayer between the BR molecules. The chemical structure shows the linker used to build a complex between NTA CNM and c-His PM. (b) Fluorescence microscopy of NTA-functionalized NBPT CNMs incubated with a fluorescent protein

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• visualization of the shape of membrane nanodomains, including lipid rafts and caveolae.” It was concluded that the pits result from the sample preparation since “the cell fixation with OsO4 cross-links the lipid bilayer outside the nanodomains while the lipid bilayer inside the nanodomains is removed by the

PTCDA adsorption on CaF₂ thin films

• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1615–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.144

• name two examples, the conductivity through a NaCl bilayer still dominates the conductivity along a molecular wire [4] and only the usage of thick NaCl films has enabled charge stability of single molecules [5]. A particularly well-studied case of surface-specific molecular properties is the adsorption

Adsorption and self-assembly of porphyrins on ultrathin CoO films on Ir(100)

• Feifei Xiang,
• Tobias Schmitt,
• Marco Raschmann and
• M. Alexander Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1516–1524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.134

• surfaces is of fundamental interest due to a variety of potential applications. We investigate here the molecule–molecule and molecule–substrate interaction of Co-5,15-diphenylporphyrin (Co-DPP) and 2H-tetrakis(p-cyanophenyl)porphyrin (2H-TCNP) on one bilayer (1BL) and two bilayer (2BL) thick cobalt oxide

• thicknesses, which we state in bilayers, derived from the Co–O bilayer of a rock salt CoO(111) crystal. Cobalt was evaporated from a metal rod using an e-beam evaporator. A one-bilayer (1BL) or a two-bilayer (2BL) film were obtained by depositing 0.9 ML or 1.8 ML, respectively, of cobalt on the Ir(100)-(1 × 1

• earlier studies [18][20]. A 1BL CoO(111) film exhibits a corrugated, slightly distorted cobalt oxide bilayer (Figure 2a,b). It forms a one-dimensional moiré on the Ir(100) surface with perfect row matching resulting in a superstructure between c(8 × 2) and c(10 × 2) with respect to the Ir(100) surface

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• of the buffer layer still appear to be in registry with the graphite symmetry axes. This begs a question whether the BA-OC14 is indeed formed on the top of the buffer layer? To confirm the bilayer formation and to rule out phase separation of the two components in 2D, we reversed the sequence of

• . (a) STM image showing the superposition of the n-C50 lamellae with those of BA-OC14 confirming the bilayer structure of the system. Panels (b) and (c) show the same STM image with colored markers to aid the eye to identify the superimposed STM contrast arising from the columns of benzoic acid (blue

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• one can write a simple expression for the reflectivity [42]: where Ln(Q,D) = (1 − einQD)/(1 − eiQD) is the Laue function and F(Q,ρ) is the structure factor of the unit cell. The latter can be written for a Fe(x)/Nb(y) periodic bilayer as where Δρ = (ρFe − ρNb) is the contrast between the SLDs of Fe

Nonadiabatic superconductivity in a Li-intercalated hexagonal boron nitride bilayer

• Kamila A. Szewczyk,
• Izabela A. Domagalska,
• Artur P. Durajski and
• Radosław Szczęśniak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1178–1189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.102

• Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafrana 4a, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland Division of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, Ave. Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.11.102 Abstract When considering a Li-intercalated hexagonal boron nitride bilayer (Li-hBN), the vertex corrections

• percent. Keywords: critical temperature; electron–phonon interaction; Li-hBN bilayer; Li-intercalated hexagonal boron nitride (Li-hBN); nonadiabatic superconductivity; vertex corrections; Introduction Low-dimensional systems such as graphene [1][2][3][4][5], silicene [6], borophene [7][8], and

• ] and quantum information technology [44][45]. Currently, the most promising research seems to be the properties of the superconducting state in Li-intercalated hexagonal boron nitride bilayer (Li-hBN) compounds. Based on DFT calculations, it has been shown that the critical temperature (TC) of the

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• ][23] and CuO [24][25][26], are also well described in the literature. The antibacterial activity of polymeric nanoparticles, such as the polystyrene sulfate coated with a bilayer of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide [27] and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) loaded with gentamicin [28], were also

Measurement of electrostatic tip–sample interactions by time-domain Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Christian Ritz,
• Tino Wagner and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 911–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.76

• technique. The sample examined consists of two overlapping single-layer graphene sheets, forming a bilayer in the lower part of the image. For comparing the TD controller to state-of-the-art KFM, the graphene flake was initially scanned by standard FM-KFM using sideband demodulation. A Kalman filter was

• values for the surface potential Ulcpd. In both cases, the resolution depends on the controller settings and the same physical limitations apply. The results of the surface potential measurements are shown in Figure 4b and Figure 4f. The potential difference between the single- and the bilayer graphene

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• and, secondly, angiopep-2 increased the accumulation of nanoparticles in glioma cells thanks to recognition of the LRP1 on the glioma cells surface. Lipid-based nanoparticles Liposomes: Liposomes are well-known and well-studied nanocarrier systems. They are composed of a lipid bilayer surrounding a

A Josephson junction based on a highly disordered superconductor/low-resistivity normal metal bilayer

• Pavel M. Marychev and
• Denis Yu. Vodolazov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 858–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.71

• Pavel M. Marychev Denis Yu. Vodolazov Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.11.71 Abstract We calculate the current–phase relation (CPR) of a SN-S-SN Josephson junction based on a SN bilayer of variable thickness

• of a single S layer at zero temperature). Our calculations show, that the proper choice of the thickness of the N layer leads both to nonhysteretic current–voltage characteristics even at low temperatures and a relatively large product IcRn. Keywords: normal metal–superconductor bilayer; Josephson

• -thickness SN-N-SN bilayer in which the superconducting layer is partially (or entirely) etched by means of a focused ion beam. A sufficiently thick normal metal layer act as a good thermal bath, which yields a nonhysteretic current–voltage characteristic even at low temperatures. However, the increase of

Epitaxial growth and superconducting properties of thin-film PdFe/VN and VN/PdFe bilayers on MgO(001) substrates

• Wael M. Mohammed,
• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Airat G. Kiiamov,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 807–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.65

• Abstract Single-layer vanadium nitride (VN) and bilayer Pd0.96Fe0.04/VN and VN/Pd0.92Fe0.08 thin-film heterostructures for possible spintronics applications were synthesized on (001)-oriented single-crystalline magnesium oxide (MgO) substrates utilizing a four-chamber ultrahigh vacuum deposition and

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• the following in Equation 1 [7], among which A1g, E1g, are the Raman active optical modes, are the acoustic phonon modes, are the infrared active modes, and E2u, B1u, are the four optically inactive modes; however the mode is active for bilayer and thicker WSe2. In this study we focus on the

• decreased interfacial defect density and built-in strain on sapphire that reduces the electron–phonon interaction in the material [30]. The value of τ obtained in our study is also comparable to what has been reported for τ in 1L CVD grown WSe2 (≈0.76 ps) [30], bilayer CVD grown WSe2 (≈2.4 ps) [29], MoS2

Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al–Ag/ITO multilayer contact

• Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.57

• pure ITO layer (as reference) were prepared by RF and DC sputtering. The microstructural, optical and electrical properties of the ITO/Al–Ag/ITO (IAAI) films were investigated before and after annealing at 400 °C. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the insertion of the Al–Ag intermediate bilayer

• of an ITO sandwich electrode with Ag alloy against heat treatment at 450 °C was carried out by Roh et al. [30]. An appreciable durability and stability of the Ag films was observed. In the present work, the structural, optical and electrical properties of an Al–Ag bilayer between ITO layers (ITO/Al

• enhanced optical transmittance. Conclusion ITO/Al-Ag/ITO (IAAI) multilayer films were deposited by RF and DC magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The inclusion of the Al–Ag bilayer coupled with annealing at 400 °C significantly enhanced the microstructural, optical and electrical properties of the

Observation of unexpected uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in La_2/3Sr_1/3MnO₃ films by a BaTiO₃ overlayer in an artificial multiferroic bilayer

• John E. Ordóñez,
• Lorena Marín,
• Luis A. Rodríguez,
• Pedro A. Algarabel,
• José A. Pardo,
• Roger Guzmán,
• Luis Morellón,
• César Magén,
• Etienne Snoeck,
• María E. Gómez and
• Manuel R. Ibarra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 651–661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.51

• depend on the crystal distortion of the LSMO film: 1) a bilayer with a compressive-strained LSMO film on LAO substrate; 2) a bilayer with a weakly compressive-strained LSMO film on LSAT substrate and 3) a bilayer with a tensile-strained LSMO film on STO substrate. Figure 2 displays a scheme illustrating

• samples grown on LSAT (Figure 3d) and LAO (Figure 3f) we do not detect appreciable changes in the shape of the hysteresis loops in comparison with those for LSMO film. However, in the bilayer grown on STO (Figure 3b), the Mr for the hysteresis loop taken along the [100] (black squares) is reduced when

• plots for a 27 nm LSMO layer (black squares) and BTO (140 nm)/LSMO (27 nm) on STO; Figure 4b BTO (140 nm)/LSMO (27 nm) bilayers grown on STO (green triangles), LAO (purple diamonds), and LSAT (blue pentagons); Figure 4c BTO (140 nm)/LSMO (tLSMO) bilayer grown on STO with tLSMO = 20 nm (blue circles), 27

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• Section 2.1. Recently, computer simulations and in vitro studies of nanoparticle–membrane interactions have shown that the surface of nanomaterials can in itself induce several changes at the plasma membrane, by determining sol–gel transitions in the lipid bilayer and impairing lipid lateral diffusion

Anomalous current–voltage characteristics of SFIFS Josephson junctions with weak ferromagnetic interlayers

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Aleksei Yu. Kuzin,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Shiro Kawabata,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 252–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.19

• F layer on the density of states in the left S/F bilayer and vice versa (see Figure 1). Thus we need to obtain the DOS at the outer border of each S/F bilayer. That can be done by solving the Usadel equations in the S/F bilayer system [94]. In the following, we use the θ-parameterizations of normal

• corresponds to a rather weak suppression. To calculate the density of states in the S/F bilayer we should set the boundary conditions at the outer boundary of the ferromagnet (x = 0), To complete the boundary problem we also set a boundary condition at x = ±∞, where the Green’s functions acquire the well

• Equation 13 and Equation 14), and the amplitude of DOS variations tends to zero. In this case the CVC of SFIFS junction tends to follow Ohm’s law for h ≫ Δ. The ferromagnetic materials with small exchange fields can be fabricated as discussed in [103]. We also note that the DOS at the end of an SF bilayer

Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a graphene-coupled quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field

• Levente Máthé and
• Ioan Grosu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 225–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.17

• the Kondo temperature enabling many future applications [76][77]. A plethora of experimental measurements have focused on the electronic transport through graphene QDs [78][79][80][81], bilayer graphene QDs [82][83], graphene QDs in the multilevel regime [84][85][86], graphene double QDs [87][88] and

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• ligated by DNA via direct amidation, and the covalent attachment allowed the insertion of an array of porphyrin segments along the nucleotide sequence. Recently, a transmembrane lipid bilayer nanopore comprised of folded DNA became the center of attraction by mimicking natural protein pores. Howorka and

• co-workers reported the synthesis of porphyrin-conjugated DNA nanopores as a simple and effective strategy to span through the bilayer system [93]. The nanopore consisted of six hexagonally packed DNA double-helical assemblies that were preserved by double-crossover strands (Figure 8a). The two

• porphyrin units were positioned at the terminal of a helical bundle that improved the directional insertion of the nanobarrel across the bilayer. AFM images showed that the assembled morphology of the hexagonally packed nanobarrels was made up of porphyrin-tethered DNA (Figure 8b). Stulz and co-workers

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• instance. In general, direct translocation requires the interaction of positively charged CPPs with negatively charged components of the cellular membrane such as the phospholipid bilayer, which then leads to the CPP entrance [6]. Furthermore, direct translocation requires permanent or temporary