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Search for "brain" in Full Text gives 102 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42
- observed for [Au25(ZWMe2)18] in the tumor after 5 h and a slight decrease after 24 h. The tumor-to-skin ratio was determined after 1 and 24 h. It was found to be higher for [Au25(ZWMe2)18] and remained constant. To further validate the uptake in orthotropic brain tumors, NCs were injected into mice bearing
- U87MG tumors engrafted in the brain (Figure 7F). Again, [Au25(ZWMe2)18] was found to yield a three times stronger signal than [Au25(SG)18] at 1 h post-injection. Chen et al. have shown that zwitterionic LA-sulfobetaine-capped AuNCs can be used for in vivo shortwave infrared imaging using a mouse model
- . reported the in vivo formation of fluorescent gold nanoclusters for imaging the brain affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [102]. The redox microenvironment in the AD brain is characterized by relatively low oxygen metabolism and more free radicals compared to that of a healthy brain. When AD occurs, a
Frontiers in pharmaceutical nanotechnology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2538–2540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.244
- science. They have fundamentally changed our understanding of the way dosage forms can facilitate drug therapy. Prof. Jörg Kreuter has been a pioneer in this research area and dedicated his life’s work to nanoparticle research and the blood–brain barrier [2]. One of his most outstanding discoveries, the
- active transport of nanoparticles into the central nervous system using the low-density lipoprotein receptor family [3][4][5][6], provided an entry route for the cytostatic drug doxorubicin into the brain. The drug delivery system has been tested in a phase II clinical trial and hopefully will make its
Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207
- visualize internal tissues in vivo, and functional MRI (fMRI) can map brain activity with millimeter-scale resolution, which is a significant improvement for clinical diagnosis [10]. This application of nano-MRI is being actively developed with the aim of reaching nanometer-scale resolution, which would
Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205
- conjunction with focused ultrasound, and under magnetic resonance imaging guidance, for achieving blood/brain and blood/tumor barrier crossing of drugs [11][12]. Medical MBs have a shell consisting of surfactants, phospholipids, or polymers and are usually stabilized by a fluorocarbon gas [13] that acts as an
- MBs that incorporate IONPs are often made of polymers. For example, ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were embedded in the wall of poly(butyl cyanoacrylate)-based MBs, allowing the blood‒brain barrier penetration to be monitored [23]. Soft-shell colloids called lipospheres have
Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195
- ) using clinical settings for helical brain scanning (80 kVp and 330 mAs) in a coronal plane to the tubes-containing nanoparticles with in-plane resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 mm and slice thickness of 5 mm. Images were retrospectively reconstructed into an isotropic voxel of 0.5 mm3 and loaded into the ImageJ
Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181
- Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China 10.3762/bjnano.10.181 Abstract In this work, a peptide-modified, biodegradable, nontoxic, brain-tumor-targeting nanoprobe based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) (which have been commonly used as T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR
- construct the nanoprobe. Both in vitro and in vivo MR and optical imaging demonstrated that the as-constructed nanoprobe was effective and sensitive for tumor targeting with desirable biosafety. Given its desirable properties such as a 100 nm diameter (capable of penetration of the blood–brain barrier) and
- characterization. Precise tumor resection is critical for affected patients and allows for better prognosis due to the infiltrative and heterogeneous characterization of glioma [1]. Glioma originates from glial cells and is a malignant tumor of the brain that exhibits hypervascularity, especially the grade IV
Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175
- Institute for Brain Research, Šalata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Mirogojska 16, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000
Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104
- ][46][47] and shows transfer of nanoparticles to vascular organs, including the brain. However, the concentrations of nanoparticles used in these experiments are ca. 1000-fold higher than used in the present work. Moreover, there is currently no conclusive in vivo evidence that the nanoparticles cross
- the blood–brain barrier. Incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with citrate and mixed-matrix gold nanoparticles demonstrates that the mixed-matrix ligand shell markedly reduces the reaction of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells to the nanoparticles [48]. Therefore, whilst it remains to
Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101
- attracted to NPs composed of hydrophobic core materials [30][31] resulting in a prolonged circulation time in blood [18]. Moreover, covalent attachment of apolipoprotein A–I and apolipoprotein E to the NP surface enables drug transport across the blood–brain barrier [32]. Here, both proteins were identified
Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95
- are foreign objects, careful evaluation of their toxicological and functional aspects prior to medical application is imperative. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of gold and polymer-coated silica nanoparticles used in laser tissue soldering on brain endothelial cells and the blood
- –brain barrier using rat brain capillary endothelial cells (rBCEC4). All types of nanoparticles were taken up time-dependently by the rBCEC4 cells, albeit to a different extent, causing a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability. Nanoparticle exposure did not change cell proliferation
- , differentiation, nor did it induce inflammation. rBCEC4 cells showed blood–brain barrier characteristics including tight junctions. None of the nanoparticles altered the expression of tight junctions or impaired the blood–brain barrier permeability. The findings suggest that effects of these nanoparticles on the
The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91
- a decrease in free radical scavenging enzymes in organs were observed. Our results indicated that the treatment with PEG-nGO caused an increased OS to the organs in the first few hours of treatment. However, the liver completely recovered from the OS after 4 h. Brain, heart and kidneys showed an
- increased OS even after 4 h. In conclusion increased OS induced by PEG-nGO could be detrimental to brain, heart and kidneys. Keywords: nano-graphene oxide; nanomedicine; oxidative stress; PEGylation; Introduction The recent progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology that has facilitated the synthesis of
- * < 0.05) in the brain, heart, liver, and kidneys of the treated groups. The MDA concentration level showed an increase to 140%, 330%, 170%, and 340% in brain, heart, liver and kidneys, respectively. Tissues of heart and kidneys are greatly influenced by PEG-nGO, as the detected level of MDA was more than
Targeting strategies for improving the efficacy of nanomedicine in oncology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 168–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.16
- drug-loaded liposomes for glioblastoma treatment. Glioblastoma, localized in the brain, represents one of the major challenges in drug delivery due to the necessity to pass the blood brain barrier (BBB). BBB inhibits the passage of 98% of the medicines administered through the systemic route and
- lipoprotein receptor (LPR) typically overexpressed in glioma and in BBB cells [62] and therefore, it shows excellent capabilities for the penetration into the brain through the transcytosis pathway. The peptide tLyP-1 also exhibits both tissue penetration ability through the neurophilin-1-dependent C-end rule
Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233
- both in vitro and in vivo studies [5]. Gold nanoparticles conjugated with a trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) peptide modification encapsulated with the drug doxorubicin showed enhanced toxicity in brain cancer models [6]. Further, mesoporous silica nanoparticles were successfully used
Tunable fractional Fourier transform implementation of electronic wave functions in atomically thin materials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1828–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.174
- geometries have been fabricated on flexible substrates for the purpose of acting as brain–computer interfaces [21], while single nanoscale nonplanar electrodes with complex topographies have been obtained using advanced stencil lithography [22]. Because γ > 0, the configuration illustrated in Figure 1a
Cathodoluminescence as a probe of the optical properties of resonant apertures in a metallic film
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1491–1500, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.140
- University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia, Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy and School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia 10.3762
Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85
- through the spinal cord to the brain, the central processing part of a body. The combination of the spinal cord and brain is what makes up the central nervous system (CNS). In (simpler) invertebrates, the range of organisms has led to the evolution of several alternative simpler central/peripheral nervous
- glial cells (e.g., astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) exist to protect neurons and maintain homeostasis by removing material and minimizing damage to the body. However, this “protection” of the blood–brain barrier through glial scarring also creates barriers in the exact area where axons need to regrow
- peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the branching network of nerves that attaches to the receptors sending signals to the brain or sending signals to muscle from the brain (Figure 2E). Injuries to the PNS tend to have more restorative function after healing than in the CNS. The reason is the body’s
Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64
- 82: Additional experimental data. Acknowledgements F. T. thanks to the TUBITAK Co-Fund Brain Circulation Scheme Fellowship (Project No: 116C031).
Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32
- and their immune privileged nature, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used as a delivery vehicle for therapeutic and imaging agents, such as drug-conjugated NPs [3][4]. MSCs are adult stem cells that can be isolated from various organs, including brain, liver, kidney, lung, bone marrow, muscle
Strategy to discover full-length amyloid-beta peptide ligands using high-efficiency microarray technology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2446–2453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.243
- –Phe–Pro–Gly–Pro) with a sequence very similar to the ACTH(4–10) fragment (Met–Glu–His–Phe–Arg–Trp–Gly). Differently from the parent molecule ACTH, Semax has no hormonal activity [31]. In vitro and in vivo studies of the peptide activity have shown that Semax affects cognitive brain function with a
Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144
- Background: Brain tumors are the most common tumors among adolescents. Although some chemotherapeutics are known to be effective against brain tumors based on cell culture studies, the same effect is not observed in clinical trials. For this reason, the development of drug delivery systems is important to
- treat brain tumors and prevent tumor recurrence. The aim of this study was to develop core–shell polymeric nanoparticles with positive charge by employing a chitosan coating. Additionally, an implantable formulation for the chemotherapeutic nanoparticles was developed as a bioadhesive film to be applied
- at the tumor site following surgical operation for brain glioma treatment. To obtain positively charged, implantable nanoparticles, the effects of preparation technique, chitosan coating concentration and presence of surfactants were evaluated to obtain optimal nanoparticles with a diameter of less
Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141
- Dong Ye Mattia Bramini Delyan R. Hristov Sha Wan Anna Salvati Christoffer Aberg Kenneth A. Dawson Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland present address: AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Brain Delivery at
- exposure routes, cellular barriers, such as the skin, the lung epithelium, the intestinal epithelium or the endothelium (including the blood-brain barrier), constitute one of the first sites of interactions of nanoparticles, whether intended as nanomedicines or not, with organisms. Thus in addressing the
- type of barrier, namely an in vitro model of the human endothelial blood brain barrier [14][15][51][52]. Thus, the low degree of uptake observed in the Caco-2 barrier may be a characteristic of this type of barrier and could be related to the more complex polarised nature of thicker epithelial layers
Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155
- mechanical properties of a substrate. Depending on the tissue in which cells live, the stiffness of the ECM can strongly vary from very low stiffness (e.g., brain: ca. 0.1–3 kPa) to intermediate stiffness (e.g., muscle: ca. 8–17 kPa) to high stiffness (e.g., cartilage: ca. 25–40 kPa) even reaching values in
Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102
- their potential as CAs exclusively in one of the MRI modes (T1 or T2). Further requirements consisted in better biocompatibility with the targeting of tumor cells, coupling with stem cells as well as crossing the cell membrane and blood–brain barrier. Finally, involving CNT activity in other diagnostic
- that the majority of hybrids had been eliminated via the feces. On the contrary, Gd-DTPA-oMWCNT#Marangon was found to undergo renal clearance and no lung accumulation was observed [36]. The presence of MWCNT CA candidates has not yet been tested in the brain. However, they are known for their ability
- to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, particularly as a function of their diameter [68]. Magnetic resonance imaging The visual effect of the MRI CA candidate constitutes final verification which is most important for this technique. The quantitative results are provided in Table 3. The MWCNT hybrids
Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 926–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.84
- Igor M. Pongrac Marina Dobrivojevic Lada Brkic Ahmed Michal Babic Miroslav Slouf Daniel Horak Srecko Gajovic Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského Sq. 2
- an expected impact on the treatment of brain diseases for which there is no adequate treatment yet. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have a high self-renewal ability as well as the ability to differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, three principal cell types of the central nervous system
- PLL-γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were better than commercially available dextran-coated nanomag®-D-spio nanoparticles in NSC labeling. NSCs have a great potency to regenerate the central nervous system, and are often used as cells of choice in brain applications [2][3]. Despite a prior positive experience of
Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60
- , such as hormones. Blood is extensively circulated through those vessels and NPs in the blood may reside on the surface of vessels or go through some barriers, e.g., the blood–brain barrier [15], blood–gas barrier [16] and blood–testis barrier [17], and reach important organs which then may get
- threatened (brain [18][19], lung [20][21] and testis [22]). In order to reduce possible limitations to the application of NPs, a better understanding of the relationship between the blood vascular system and NPs is very important. Review What are the side effects of NPs? The general definition of NPs regards
- induce brain dysfunction and pathology [25] and in some cases have an impact on gene expression in neural cells [26]. CuO NPs reduce cell viability and also cause oxidative stress in human bronchial epithelial cells [27]. Interaction between NPs and blood circulatory system The circulatory system or
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