Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• the HSA molecule from (−10.5 ± 1.3) mV for native HSA to (−19 ± 4) mV for HSAsuc (both in PBS at pH 7.4). For comparison, they also altered the carboxyl groups of the native HSA molecule by reacting them with ethylenediamine, thus, converting them into positively charged amino groups, creating an

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• the set prerequisites. This polysaccharide is biocompatible and degradable under normal physiological conditions [40] and has been used in various biomedical applications [41][42]. The presence of carboxyl groups in the structure of β-D-mannuronate and α-L-guluronate monomer units can be utilized for

• The tethering of alginate (ALG) chains by reaction of the carboxyl groups to the amine-functionalized titanium surfaces was performed by following standard EDC/NHS protocols. The binding reaction resulted in the formation of 5.0 ± 1.9 nm thick alginate films, irrespective of the anchor layer. The

• activated carboxyl groups of ALG and the amines present in the anchor layer were probed by IRRAS measurements. A representative IR spectrum of free alginate deposited on the flat titanium surface is presented in Figure 5. The spectrum is dominated by the symmetric νsym (C=O) and asymmetric νasym (C=O) modes

The fate of a designed protein corona on nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo

• Denise Bargheer,
• Julius Nielsen,
• Gabriella Gébel,
• Markus Heine,
• Sunhild C. Salmen,
• Roland Stauber,
• Horst Weller,
• Joerg Heeren and
• Peter Nielsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 36–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.5

• charged due to the formation of carboxyl groups at the surface. To get a platform of particles with different surface characteristics we then used a poly(ethylenglycol)(PEG)-amine (C-PEG) or a PEG-α,ω-bisamine (N-PEG) in the presence of the coupling agent, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide

• bifunctional PEGs. Monodisperse oleic acid stabilized iron oxide cores (11 nm iron oxide core, see electron micrograph) were used as starting material. Whereas our polymer coated model SPIOs (A) is negatively charged due to free carboxyl groups (25 nm, hydrodynamic diameter), reaction with methoxy-PEG amine

Functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles as a platform for studying bio–nano interactions

• Cornelia Loos,
• Tatiana Syrovets,
• Anna Musyanovych,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Katharina Landfester,
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus and
• Thomas Simmet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2403–2412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.250

• used superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Keywords: amino groups; apoptosis; carboxyl groups; cell proliferation; leukemia cell lines; macrophages; mTOR; polystyrene nanoparticles; Review Applications of polystyrene Polystyrene, one of the most extensively used types of plastic [1], is an

Nanoparticle interactions with live cells: Quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nanoparticle size effects

• Li Shang,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Xiue Jiang,
• Linxiao Yang,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder,
• Thomas Simmet and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2388–2397, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.248

• essentially the same size and surface charge, namely plain, CTMA-stabilized PS+ NPs and amino-functionalized PS NPs (NPS NPs) carrying about 6,000 amino groups on their surfaces (Table 1) [33]. This study was further extended to include the effect of surface carboxyl groups on the interaction of anionic NPs

• groups on the NP surface, e.g., carboxyl groups, overcome the Coulomb repulsion and facilitate binding to membrane-bound receptors that activate the endocytosis machinery. However, independent of the surface charge and functionalization, NP accumulation on the membrane was entirely absent during uptake

In vitro and in vivo interactions of selected nanoparticles with rodent serum proteins and their consequences in biokinetics

• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Stefanie Fertsch-Gapp,
• Martin Schäffler,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Christian Pfeiffer,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Manuela Semmler-Behnke,
• Matthias Epple and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1699–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.180

• ; details are given in [5]. We chose nano-sized and submicrometer-sized carbon black versus 50 nm monodisperse polystyrene NP with surface modifications of either carboxyl groups (negative charge), or amino groups (positive charge) or plain surface (neutral charge) as measured by their zeta potential and

• supernatant after BSA separation from the 50 nm Polystyrene (PS) NP–protein complexes (PS-Plain: neutral charge, PS-COOH: negative charge by carboxyl groups, PS-NH2: positive charge by amino groups) depending on the NP dose; the error bars show the standard deviation). Each line represents the linear

• three routes: intratracheal instillation into the lungs, intravenous injection into blood and intra-esophageal instillation into the gastro-intestinal tract. The AuNP were synthesized and surface-modified not only with small ionic ligands such as sulfonated triphenylphosphine, amino groups, or carboxyl

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• electron donor and C60 were added to GO through an esterification reaction between the carboxyl groups of GO and the hydroxy groups present on ZnPc as well as on the fullerene derivative. Photoexcitation of ZnPc–GO–C60 at 390 nm, the wavelength at which ZnPc was predominantly excited, resulted in the

The cell-type specific uptake of polymer-coated or micelle-embedded QDs and SPIOs does not provoke an acute pro-inflammatory response in the liver

• Markus Heine,
• Alexander Bartelt,
• Oliver T. Bruns,
• Denise Bargheer,
• Artur Giemsa,
• Barbara Freund,
• Ludger Scheja,
• Christian Waurisch,
• Alexander Eychmüller,
• Rudolph Reimer,
• Horst Weller,
• Peter Nielsen and
• Joerg Heeren

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1432–1440, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.155

• through a 0.45, 0.2, and 0.1 μm Millipore filter. Based on dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, the size of polymer-coated nanocrystals is 25 nm. These polymer-coated nanoparticles are negatively charged due to the formation of carboxyl groups at the surface. Labelling of lipid micelles with

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by combining water soluble graphene with cobalt salts

• Jing Wang,
• Ke Feng,
• Hui-Hui Zhang,
• Bin Chen,
• Zhi-Jun Li,
• Qing-Yuan Meng,
• Li-Ping Zhang,
• Chen-Ho Tung and
• Li-Zhu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1167–1174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.128

• –C (epoxy), C=O (carbonyl), and C(O)O (carboxyl) groups, respectively [55]. For G-SO3, the peak centered at 284.6 eV becomes narrower, suggesting the partial restoration of the π-electron network in G-SO3. Other oxygen-containing carbon peaks, decreased sharply, indicating GO is reduced efficiently

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

• acids used to fabricate hybrid films together with TMA vary from each other regarding the number of carboxyl groups attached to the aromatic ring and how the groups are positioned. Benzoic acid has only one carboxyl group, which may explain why no decent growth for these films were observed. From

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• system ND-DGEA conjugates were successfully synthesized utilizing a carbodiimide reaction between the carboxyl groups on the surface of the NDs and the free amine groups on the peptide. The absorbance spectra shown in Figure 1a were taken of DGEA peptide before and after conjugation to NDs. The

• acids between 1130 and 1390 cm–1, carbonyl stretching in the amide I bonds (1655 cm–1), and NH bending of the primary amine (1544 cm–1). There was also a broadening of the 1544 cm–1 peak (amide II), signifying successful conjugation as additional amide bonds were formed between the carboxyl groups on

Enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution of eosin Y-sensitized reduced graphene oxide through a simple photoreaction

• Weiying Zhang,
• Yuexiang Li,
• Shaoqin Peng and
• Xiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 801–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.92

• ][25][26]. The GO contains not only hydroxy and epoxy groups in the 2D sheet, but also carbonyl and carboxyl groups at the edges of the sheet [27][28]. The oxygen-containing groups in the sheet break the sp2 π-conjugation, leading to the formation of oxidized aliphatic six-membered rings with sp3

A visible-light-driven composite photocatalyst of TiO₂ nanotube arrays and graphene quantum dots

• Donald K. L. Chan,
• Po Ling Cheung and
• Jimmy C. Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 689–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.81

• . The result agrees with typical absorption spectra of GQDs being reported [28]. Figure 1d shows the excitation-dependent emission of GQDs. This behavior could be explained by the differences in size and emissive states of GQDs [40]. To provide evidence for the existence of carboxyl groups in GQDs

A catechol biosensor based on electrospun carbon nanofibers

• Dawei Li,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Lei Luo,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 346–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.39

• bond [39]. This proved that there were numerous carboxyl groups on the surfaces of the ECNFs which were expected to improve the electrocatalytic properties and biocompatibility of the ECNFs [40]. The three solutions, containing laccase, laccase–Nafion, and laccase–Nafion–ECNFs, respectively, were

Extracellular biosynthesis of gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃) nanoparticles, their biodistribution and bioconjugation with the chemically modified anticancer drug taxol

• Shadab Ali Khan,
• Sanjay Gambhir and
• Absar Ahmad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 249–257, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.27

• temperature, 5 µmol of 1,6-hexanediamine·2HCl was added, and it was incubated at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction was monitored on TLC and purified as described above. Estimation of free carboxyl groups on Gd2O3 nanoparticles and bioconjugation with taxol Biologically synthesized Gd2O3 nanoparticles

• have a natural protein coat. The carboxyl groups present on this protein capped nanoparticles were targeted to couple with the free amino group present in 2’-glutarylhexanediamine taxol and estimated by the following procedure: The total reaction mixture of 3 mL containing 100 μg of Gd2O3 nanoparticles

• nanoparticles. Figure 4C represents the O(1s) spectrum which shows three distinct peaks. The peak at 531.30 eV corresponds to the oxygen in the Gd2O3 nanoparticles [26], whereas peaks at 529.18 and 533.26 eV originate from the oxygen in the carboxyl groups of proteins associated with Gd2O3 nanoparticles. Figure

Energy transfer in complexes of water-soluble quantum dots and chlorin e6 molecules in different environments

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Alexander V. Baranov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov and
• Mikhail Artemyev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 895–902, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.101

• of the etching, carboxyl groups are produced on the interior surface and in the loosened layer nearby the pore wall. The dissociation of the carboxyl groups in aqueous solutions leads to the appearance of negative charges on the track pore surface [11]. This gives the opportunity to passivate the

• inner surface of the pores with species that can react with carboxyl groups. We proposed to utilize these carboxyl groups for a step-by-step formation of the water soluble QD/Ce6 complexes in the membranes. At the first step, positively charged CdSe/ZnS/DMAET QDs with a core size of 2.5 nm were embedded

• into the membranes due to electrostatic interaction with the carboxyl groups on the inner surface and in the loosened layer on the track pore wall. Membranes with embedded QDs were impregnated by aqueous solutions of Ce6 for formation of the QDs/Ce6 complexes. In order to study the dependence of the

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

The oriented and patterned growth of fluorescent metal–organic frameworks onto functionalized surfaces

• Jinliang Zhuang,
• Jasmin Friedel and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 570–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.66

• leftmost carboxyl groups in Figure 1a, directing the (110) plane (blue) parallel to the substrate surface. In contrast, the growth of [Zn2(adc)2(dabco)] on a SAM with monodentate Lewis base headgroups capable of coordinating to the apical sites of the Zn2 units should lead to a [001] orientated SURMOF, in

FTIR nanobiosensors for Escherichia coli detection

• Stefania Mura,
• Gianfranco Greppi,
• Maria Laura Marongiu,
• Pier Paolo Roggero,
• Sandeep P. Ravindranath,
• Lisa J. Mauer,
• Nicoletta Schibeci,
• Francesco Perria,
• Massimo Piccinini,
• Plinio Innocenzi and
• Joseph Irudayaraj

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 485–492, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.55

• reproducibility, and can interact with biological molecules due to the formation of coordinated linkages between titania films, organic crosslinkers and amino or carboxyl groups of the antibodies or bacteria. In the present work the immobilization of bacteria was studied directly on titania films, on titania

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94

• connect a monolayer of TiO2 spheres to silicon and glass substrates, upon performing a dehydration–condensation reaction between the carboxyl groups of the dicarboxylic acid and the surface hydroxyl groups on both the substrate and the ceramic spheres [46]. It was claimed that the flexibility of the alkyl

Characterization of protein adsorption onto FePt nanoparticles using dual-focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

• Pauline Maffre,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Faheem Amin,
• Wolfgang J. Parak and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 374–383, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.43

• , namely serum albumin, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein E4, onto polymer-coated, fluorescently labeled FePt nanoparticles (~12 nm diameter) carrying negatively charged carboxyl groups on their surface. For all three proteins, a step-wise increase in hydrodynamic radius with protein concentration was

• , we employed the same type of NP as in our previous work [11], namely, FePt cores that were rendered fluorescent by incorporating a small number of red fluorescent dye molecules (DY-636) in the polymer-coating surrounding the core [29]. The polymer shell contained a large number of carboxyl groups

• patch, which is likely to promote the interaction with the negatively charged carboxyl groups on the NP surfaces (red arrow, Figure 3a). Overall, about 27 HSA molecules fit into the volume generated by the size increase of the NP (Table 1). Lipid-free human apoA-I is the principal component of high