Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• without the need for a resist or development step. Here, we employ for the first time a silver β-diketonate precursor for focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID). The used compound (hfac)AgPMe3 operates at an evaporation temperature of 70–80 °C and is compatible with commercially available gas

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• ]. The EPR effect has been a cornerstone for cancer nanomedicine development, and various types of nanocarrier drug delivery systems have been developed to take advantage of this passively targeted strategy. Moreover, active targeting strategies have been developed to further improve the drug

• their derivatives, and inorganic NPs. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms of some nanocarriers to yield selective liver accumulation and enhance therapeutic action. In the final section, we mention the future perspective of the development of nanomedicine-based drug delivery for liver fibrosis

• metabolic-associated fatty liver disease [13]. Currently, numerous therapeutic strategies are under development. The antifibrotic strategies either target HSCs or use non-HSC antifibrotic targets. The non-HSC-mediated therapies focus on anti-inflammatory approaches, including the removal of the cause of

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• disease diagnosis, quick detection of diverse drugs and chemicals, and long-term monitoring [9]. In the recent decade, sensor technology has seen breakthroughs thanks to the usage of nanomaterials with superior physicochemical properties [10][11][12][13]. Nowadays, the development of sensors based on

• several hours for results. The development of compact and portable miniaturized sensors has enabled the detection of different biomarkers for continuous, real-time human health monitoring [1][2]. Temperature, heart rate, electrical conductivity, dehydration, and glucose are some of the indicators that

• aldehydes is widely awaited. Coating fluorescent alginate-modified surfactants (APGF and APOF) on ZIF-8 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) resulted in the development of novel APGF@ZIF-8 and APOF@ZIF-8 sensing materials, which are porous fluorescent sensors (SBET up to 1519 m2/g). The developed sensors

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• irradiation laser wavelengths than those obtained at higher laser wavelengths. The subsequent development of flexible SERS substrates, utilizing the diverse NPs produced, showcased the superior performance of substrates containing NPs generated at the 1064 nm wavelength, characterized by enhanced yield and

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• principles laying behind the structure of materials were discovered. The discovery of the atom-based nature of matter has revolutionized the approach to natural science, leading to the development of nanoscience. Noble laureate Richard Feynman first proposed the concept of nanomaterials in his well-known

• materials coatings for mitigation of biofilm formation Biofilm formation represents a major concern because of the severe actions needed to restore or remove the damaged implant [107]. Prevention of biofilm proliferation can be achieved through the development of coatings changing the hydrophobicity of the

• material coatings for the prevention of corrosion Corrosion of metallic implants is still a major concern regarding loss of integrity, thrombosis, and inflammatory processes [150]. To date, the development of highly corrosion-resistant alloys has not been satisfactorily achieved, although coating is a

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1995 [2]; this product has a similar therapeutic effect and less side effects than those obtained with the free drug. Later on, also other NPs have been approved for clinical use [1], but there is still a large need for new products. In addition to the development

• Nanoparticle Uptake The complexity of endocytosis The field of endocytosis has undergone a remarkable development during the last decades. Today it is clear that there is a variety of uptake mechanisms in cells, and adding to the complexity, they are partially cell-type specific [7][8][9][10]. In Figure 1, we

• , exposure to various types of NPs (Au, Ag, SiO2, and Fe3O4) was found to change the content of EV-containing miRNAs [72]. It is important to understand the mechanisms involved to analyze exosome markers with and without incubation with NPs. Nanoparticles under development for drug delivery are made from

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• widespread frequency of the disease, high mortality rate, and recurrence after treatment. In addition, biosensors are applied to monitor blood glucose levels in diabetics, identify infections, and track cancer growth [14]. The development of biosensor technologies for cancer screening is crucial and

• biosensors for accurate detection of viruses [25], cancer [15], proteins [36], DNA, glucose [17], and nucleic acids has been strongly developed [37]. On the other hand, specific biomolecule classifications by microbiologists has led to the realization and development of different biosensors, significantly

• ). 1.1 Motivation of this review The development of advanced bioelectronic technologies involves exploration of novel material systems as well as emerging device architectures. However, an accurate assessment of different device architectures and their design criteria requires a systematic modeling of

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• terms of new applications for biomimetic adhesives for truly substantial industrial impacts to be made. These new application areas are my primary research focus today; it makes the efforts of all those who have participated in the academic and industrial development of the field more valuable. How can

• have been applied to previously, and a very promising application is the development of shape- and stiffness-tunable composites. Anyone familiar with the movies “The Terminator” or “Big Hero 6” has seen a sci-fi version of robots that can change their shape, size, or function. Science fiction offers

• adaptability, sustainability, and product performance. The future of reversible adhesives will come from looking within, and going beyond, biomimicry. Chronological development of different gecko adhesive manufacturing processes that were developed by the author and then adapted by future students. Process (A

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• Minh City, 700000, Vietnam Institute of Chemical Technology – VAST, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.15.78 Abstract Theragnostic platforms, which integrate

• therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities, have gained significant interest in drug research because of to their potential advantages. This study reports the development of a novel multifunctional nanoparticle carrier system based on poly(ᴅ,ʟ-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) for the targeted delivery of the

• folate on the surface of nanoparticles promotes the internalization of nanoparticles by cancer cells. Within the cell, the CHL released from the nanoparticles would bind to DNA and halt the development of cancer cells. Without CHL, the nanoparticles had no cytotoxic impact on the cells (data not shown

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• and lamellar bone. Woven bone is a transitional bone type observed in embryonic skeletons or growing bones, as well as during pathological conditions such as fracture repair or tumor. It gradually transforms into lamellar bone during the remodeling process in normal development or healing. In this

• both trigger the bone healing process and provide mechanical support to damaged bone. Currently, research on bone healing has focused on the development of biomaterials that can be used as economic, biocompatible, and controllable bone substitutes. Studies have centered on biomaterials that can imitate

• hard bone-like tissues. Calcified bone tissue shows different mechanical properties depending on the collagen sequence in the natural structure. The polymers used in the development of polymeric nanofibers should have mechanical and biological properties suitable for calcified hard tissue structures

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• using the fivefold cross-validation procedure. Additionally, the model’s quality was evaluated by looking at the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plot as well as specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy values [40][41][42]. Development of other machine learning models Calculation of descriptors and

• data pre-treatment The training set of 88 and the test set of 21 surface modifiers from Bayesian classification analysis were used for the development of other machine learning models. Different classes of 2D descriptors were calculated using PaDEL-Descriptor [43]. The data pre-treatment tool (Data Pre

• had an absolute difference greater than or equal to 0.39 and 0.19, respectively. The specific values were determined through empirical analysis, ensuring that the selected descriptors provide the best predictive performance for each cell line. ML model development and analysis Four classification

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• approaches. Furthermore, when they are developed complying strictly with the rules established by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for their scientific validation, QSARs are accepted for regulatory purposes, thus ensuring their applicability at the regulatory level by

• active field and, recently, a comprehensive review about this topic and the future perspectives was published [7]. Scientific, industrial, and national institutions should harmonize their efforts for the development and application of nano-QSARs at the regulatory level [9]. From a regulatory point of

• preparation and handling) will lead to different structural configurations and to different properties. Thus, the reported experimental conditions are significant, and they often need to be included in a predictive model. Finally, the quality of data is a key component in the development of QSAR models

When nanomedicines meet tropical diseases

• Eder Lilia Romero,
• Katrien Van Bocxlaer and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 830–832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.69

• Eder Lilia Romero Katrien Van Bocxlaer Fabio Rocha Formiga Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, B1876 Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina Skin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School

• those diseases. However, apart from the symbolism behind the World Neglected Tropical Diseases Day, research initiatives fighting NTDs have been conducted over the last years, paving the way for the development of new programs for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of NTDs. A number of institutions

• important contribution to this thematic issue focused on development of nanoemulsions containing plant-based insecticides for vector control. In this work, Duarte and colleagues developed and characterized nanoemulsions encapsulating monoterpenes, which exhibited significant lethality against third-instar

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• several cycles. This finding underscores the advantageous outcomes of intermixing WS2 and MoS2, shedding light on the development of an efficient and enduring photocatalyst for visible-light-driven photodegradation of methylene blue. Keywords: methylene blue; MoS2/WS2 composite; photocatalysis

• place corrective actions for the development of efficient strategies for water treatment [3]. Following these measures, various technologies have proven their efficacy for water depollution, including adsorption and photocatalysis, and are often utilized for heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticide

• evaluation under real conditions under sunlight showed an increased PD efficiency. Overall, our approach is cost-effective, reproducible, and can be further employed in the development of composites processed by CVD, providing a potential solution to address the growing concerns of environmental pollution

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• the efficacy of the top-down hydrothermal method for CQD production, offering insights for tailored applications and emphasizing the potential of biomass-derived nanomaterials in environmental remediation and biomedicine, paving the way for the development of sustainable and effective technologies. UV

Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties

• Monika Ozga,
• Eunika Zielony,
• Aleksandra Wierzbicka,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin Klepka,
• Marek Godlewski,
• Bogdan J. Kowalski and
• Bartłomiej S. Witkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 743–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.62

• methods becomes important for their continued enhancement and optimization. Such endeavors might consequently lead to the development of novel techniques for producing films tailored to specific parameters and purposes. The preparation of CuO thin films using various techniques is reported in the

• films, attributed to the presence of organic residues within the samples, necessitated the development of innovative solutions. These solutions aimed to lower the organic compound content while concurrently enabling modifications to the resultant material’s properties. As elucidated in this study, the

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• suitable for use on bendable and stretchable substrates in line with the current trends in electronic technologies focusing on flexible electronic device development [11][12]. Consequently, understanding the mechanical properties of β-Ga2O3 NWs becomes an important step. For instance, precise determination

Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• the higher-order modal response of the coupled system gradually increases, which will improve the sensitivity of the detection and promote the development of multifrequency AFM utilizing higher-order modes of the cantilever to image sample properties. Finite element analysis Model size and simulation

Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels

• Nabojit Das,
• Vikas,
• Akash Kumar,
• Sanjeev Soni and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 678–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.56

• aspiring venture of soft intelligent materials [19]. Soft intelligent materials are primarily hydrogel materials that are stimuli responsive. A recent study showed the use of hydrogels by incorporating gold nanorods for the development of thermo-responsive actuators [20]. The photothermal conversion of

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• microscopic pillars. The superhydrophobic surface is self-cleaning since water droplets bead up on the surface, and, when they roll off, they pick up any dirt or other particles and remove them from the leaf’s surface. This phenomenon was termed the “Lotus effect” and has been translated to the development of

• classifications. Future research linking form and function in microbial hairs may lead to a better understanding of their evolution, as well as providing inspiration for the development of functional fibrillar structures at the micrometer and nanometer scales. Filter feeding Locomotion is key for searching for

Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process

• Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi,
• Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar,
• Larissa Otubo,
• Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza,
• Almir Oliveira Neto and
• Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 631–637, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.53

• composition of TiN were preserved, the crystallite size was reduced. These TiN nanosheets have a great potential for a range of cutting-edge applications in fields such as medicine, catalysis, and energy-related technologies. Hence, further exploration and development of these TiN nanosheets are expected to

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• the material composition of attachment pads and the distribution process of the adhesive secretion can potentially aid in the development of more effective artificial attachment systems. Keywords: adhesion; arolium; biomechanics; euplantulae; friction; functional morphology; tarsal secretion

AFM-IR investigation of thin PECVD SiO_x films on a polypropylene substrate in the surface-sensitive mode

• Hendrik Müller,
• Hartmut Stadler,
• Teresa de los Arcos,
• Adrian Keller and
• Guido Grundmeier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 603–611, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.51

• of spatial resolution. In ATR-IR spectroscopy, the resolution is theoretically limited by λ/2, which corresponds to several µm [3]. In contrast, the development of new and powerful tunable IR laser sources, such as optical parametric oscillator (OPO) and quantum cascade lasers (QCL), enabled a

• refined and found its way into many and highly diverse fields of application, including virology, DNA nanotechnology, polymer science, and materials science [5][6][7][8][9]. The importance of AFM-IR steadily grew over the past decade and its development has been described in detail in several review

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• significant side effects such as hypertension, proteinuria, and skin toxicity [7][8]. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop new therapeutic modalities that offer substantial efficacy while minimizing side effects. Extensive efforts have been dedicated to drug development and delivery technologies in

• , China). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Laibopate purification system (Changchun Lab Partner Technology Development Co., Ltd., Changchun, China) and used in all experiments. Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Huh-7 cells) and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, ZQ-101) were purchased from

• Shanghai Zhongqiao Xinzhou Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Preparation of Fe3O4 NCs Fe3O4 NCs were synthesized using a microwave hydrothermal synthesis method with a computer microwave ultrasonic synthesis/extraction instrument (XH-300A+, Beijing Xianghu Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing

On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems

• Shan He,
• Julen Segura Abarrategi,
• Harbil Bediaga,
• Sonia Arrasate and
• Humberto González-Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47

• diseases are characterized by slowly progressing neuronal cell death. Conventional drug treatment strategies often fail because of poor solubility, low bioavailability, and the inability of the drugs to effectively cross the blood–brain barrier. Therefore, the development of new neurodegenerative disease

• , we consider AI/ML to be helpful in the development of N2D3Ss to select the most efficient combination of NP and drug, taking into account properties regarding chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), and the biological activity regarding NDs [20]. Nevertheless

• data to be explored. As a result, N2D3S development by the additive approach requires an AI/ML technique to achieve multioutput and multilabel classification [21][22][23][24]. In addition, the AI/ML technique includes a pre-processing step to perform information fusion (IF) of the preclinical NDD assay