Direct observation of the Si(110)-(16×2) surface reconstruction by atomic force microscopy

• Tatsuya Yamamoto,
• Ryo Izumi,
• Kazushi Miki,
• Takahiro Yamasaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1750–1756, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.157

• characteristic structures were observed in flat and step areas. In the flat area, the 16×2 reconstruction area (solid square) and the disorder area (dotted square) were mixed. The 16×2 reconstruction is known to have chirality with zigzag chains extending in the direction of or [13][21]. In this AFM image, zig

• pentagons actually consisted of five atoms. A non-pentagonal structure in the 16×2 reconstruction and the disorder region were observed with high resolution, and the defect structure of the pentagon due to the lack of a P3 atom in the structure of pentagon was observed. We also observed the atoms of U-S4, U

• its structure model. AFM image (100 × 80 nm2) of the 16×2 reconstruction on Si(110). Solid and dotted rectangles represent the 16×2 reconstruction and disorder regions, respectively. The solid arrow indicates the step in direction. The dashed arrows indicate the (17 15 1) and (15 17 1) facets in the

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Xiaoping Li,
• Junjie Yang,
• Zhengkai Li,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Xinming Zhang and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

• activation of the innate immune system [51]. However, excess lysozyme activity can increase the incidence of some diseases. In certain kinds of cancer, such as leukemia [52], excessive production of lysozyme is toxic and can induce organ disorder. Figure 7 shows the SERS spectra of lysozyme (10−6 mol·L−1 and

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

• Maximilian Schaal,
• Takumi Aihara,
• Marco Gruenewald,
• Felix Otto,
• Jari Domke,
• Roman Forker,
• Hiroyuki Yoshida and
• Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

• from Ni(111) due to the beginning adsorption already in the second (or higher) layer(s). Further, the somewhat larger peak widths, as compared to the spectra of DBP on mica [25], might be an inhomogeneous broadening effect caused by a higher degree of rotational disorder in the DBP film on Ni(111

• configurations (chemical environments) due to disorder and the strong hybridization. We also observed a slight binding-energy shift of the N 1s and B 1s levels after the DBP adsorption, which shows that the DBP molecules also slightly influence the properties of the h-BN interlayer. Furthermore, a small new

A new photodetector structure based on graphene nanomeshes: an ab initio study

• Babak Sakkaki,
• Hassan Rasooli Saghai,
• Ghafar Darvish and
• Mehdi Khatir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1036–1044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.88

• , preparing holes with the exact planned atomic structure is very challenging due to effect of atomic edge disorder within the holes. Nguyen et al. [31] showed that the edge disorder in GNMs could entirely alter the electronic properties. To model the disorder, they removed the carbon atoms in the edge of

• holes with a uniform probability. Their results show that the effect of atomic edge disorder can be considerably reduced by means of proper structure design. Efforts have been made to accurately build such structures. The formation of bandgaps in these materials is likely to affect their optical

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• were interpreted in terms of an increase in disorder (amorphization), leading to an increase in the surface chemical activity of chalcogenides, as well as an increase in the active surface area due to substrate porosity. Keywords: gas-sensing properties; NO2; tellurium thin films; nanocrystalline

• increase in the chemical activity of chalcogenides at the surface when disorder (amorphization) increases [32][33] and to the increase in the active area caused by substrate porosity. Another interesting feature observed in the experiments was the spontaneous reduction (or sometimes increase) in the gas

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• likely attributed to the fluctuations of the bandgap associated with the functional groups and the disorder of crystallinity introduced by the LAL processing. According to Yu et al. [42], the emission peak of CDs can be fitted with a two-Gaussian function, associated with the “core” state and “surface

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• physisorption was applied, using deuterated p-xylene (DPX) as a contrast-matching agent in the neutron scattering process. The impact of the carbon precursor on the structural order on an atomic scale in terms of size and disorder of the carbon microstructure, on the nanopore structure, and on the template

• disorder in the material. That is, with increasing disorder of a material a higher micropore volume is expected. Because with higher carbonization temperature the graphene sheets as well as their stacking become more ordered, the meso/microporosity is expected to depend on the heat treatment temperature

• . The degree of disorder in the graphene stacks can be determined by evaluating wide-angle X-ray (WAXS) and neutron (WANS) scattering data of turbostratic carbon materials. Several current evaluation methods for WAXS and WANS are based on the fitting of entire WAXS/WANS data sets using suitable

Air oxidation of sulfur mustard gas simulants using a pyrene-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst

• Ghada Ayoub,
• Mihails Arhangelskis,
• Xuan Zhang,
• Florencia Son,
• Timur Islamoglu,
• Tomislav Friščić and
• Omar K. Farha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2422–2427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.232

• linker, pyrene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid and b) Zr6 metal node. c) Fragment of the crystal structure of NU-400, established from PXRD data. Hydrogen atoms and disorder of pyrene groups are not shown for clarity. Zr: green, O: red, and C: grey. Conversion of CEES to CEESO under different conditions: (a

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

• Andrea Giaccherini,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Stefano Martinuzzi,
• Enrico Berretti,
• Werner Oberhauser,
• Alessandro Lavacchi,
• Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
• Giordano Montegrossi,
• Maurizio Romanelli,
• Antonio De Luca,
• Massimo Innocenti,
• Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Antonella Buccianti and
• Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

• space. This residual could be fitted in samples S1 and S3 as a mixed Cu/Sn II shell with Cu and Sn atoms at ≈3.82(2) Å and 4.01(2) Å, respectively. These results are in agreement with Sn in a CTS structure with a high degree of disorder between Cu and Sn. Discussion The morphological analysis showed

• –S first shell distances compatible with a CTS structure. The Raman spectra of the samples show the presence of two wide peaks ascribed to tetragonal Cu3SnS4. Hence, we can exclude that the short- and long-range disorder reckoned by both EXAFS and XRD lead to the increasing symmetry with respect to

The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates

• Matthew E. Potter,
• Lauren N. Riley,
• Alice E. Oakley,
• Panashe M. Mhembere,
• June Callison and
• Robert Raja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191

• to modify the crystallisation rate, which allows mesopores to form. In doing so, it also increases the disorder in the system, leading to agglomeration and different crystalline phases. Overall, we concluded that bare HP-SAPO-5 and MP-SAPO-5 systems were successfully synthesised. They were then used

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• the particles size. In fact, the high surface-to-volume ratio in the smaller nanoparticles leads to an increase of the surface effects such as spin disorder and dead layer on the surface, eventually resulting in a decrease of the magnetization. The thickness of the surface dead layer (t) equaling to t

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• structure, and the G band (IG) at ≈1580 cm−1, the first-order Raman band of all sp2 carbon materials. The presence of disorder in CNTs can also impact: i) the intensity of other bands, such as the G’ band at ≈2700 cm−1, and ii) the position and shape of the peaks [40]. The G’ band is indicative of long

• treatment on the N-CNTs (besides the reduction of disorder) is to decrease the amount of nitrogen, which decreases from 2.9 to 1.6%. XPS analysis confirmed the bulk analyses and showed that the S-CNT sample also contains a significant amount of surface oxygen groups. The introduction of oxygen may

• discarded. Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) analysis was performed on Pt3Co/N-CNT and Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT (Figure 8). After corrections and taking a Fourier transform of the scattering data, the related pair distribution function (PDF) is well defined, with a low structural disorder. For Pt3Co/N-CNT, the

Quantitative analysis of annealing-induced instabilities of photo-leakage current and negative-bias-illumination-stress in a-InGaZnO thin-film transistors

• Dapeng Wang and
• Mamoru Furuta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1125–1130, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.112

• conduction is insensitive to disorder because the conduction band edge depends on the In s-orbital [1]. However, there is a high density of oxygen-containing trap states (ca. 1020 cm−3) in the region above the valence band [2], which is sensitive to irradiation with light [3]. The typical staggered/coplanar

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• the concentration of the defects and the extent of the structural disorder [21]. The ID/IG value is similar to that of TGP-550Air. The ID/IG value depends on the thermal oxidation temperature and a highly developed D peak and a slight increase in the Am peak intensity were observed in the spectrum for

• thermal oxidation were reflected by the change in nitrogen surface concentration from TGP-CSnPc to TGP-CSnPc-550Air. The high oxygen surface concentration in TGP-CSnPc was attributed to its rough surface due to the structural disorder of the amorphous carbon, which was susceptible to oxidation upon

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• contrast to TPO, XRD and TEM, no strong differences in crystallinity of the samples can be observed by using Raman spectroscopy. All spectra are characterized by the presence of two more or less overlapping D- and G-bands centered at ca. 1325 and 1583 cm−1. CDC-Ni0 shows a slightly higher level of disorder

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• the orthorhombic mode. At higher wavenumbers, a shift can be observed from the Ag and B2g orthorhombic modes centred at 495 and 614 cm−1, respectively, to the broad Jahn–Teller bands characteristic of mixed-valence manganites with Mn3+/Mn4+ charge and orbital disorder [30], i.e., the first one at ca

Effects of post-lithography cleaning on the yield and performance of CVD graphene-based devices

• Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araujo,
• Thiago Alonso Stephan Lacerda de Sousa,
• Luciano de Moura Guimarães and
• Flavio Plentz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 349–355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.34

• polymer are still present. Structural disorder in graphene can be quantified through the ID/IG intensity ratio. For laser excitation with wavelength λL, the characteristic size of well-ordered domains in graphene can be estimated as: which properly applies to La > 4 nm [19][20][21]. According to Figure 4

• graphene. Furthermore, the value of La showed no expressive decrease as the devices fabricated by procedure P2 are cleaned by method C1. However, when the cleaning is performed by methods C2 and C3, the size of well-ordered domains shows a further decrease, which suggests an increase of structural disorder

• holes. Figure 5 shows that graphene conductivity, σ, behaves as a sublinear function of the gate voltage, Vg. This sublinear behavior is associated to a weak-point disorder in graphene, which emerges as a carrier density independent residual resistivity, ρs. The strong disorder and the charged-impurity

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• lower frequency values can be cation disorder [10][39], the formation of other polytypes, particularly so-called disordered KS [10][39], stannite [39][41], and wurtzite (WZ) [42][43][44]. Based on the XRD data of our samples [21], we can exclude the WZ phase. Furthermore, the Raman spectra of freshly

• bulk CZTS [10][11]. The discussed “disorder” does not mean, however, the absence of crystallinity, as can be concluded from the sharp phonon spectra (Figure 1). It is rather a certain rearrangement of the cations (and probably anions) in the sublattice that does not deteriorate the overall

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• -frequency region, the conspicuous maximum at ≈1600 cm−1 is due the stretching vibration of C=C bonds in aromatic or graphitic carbon. The peak at 1224 cm−1 corresponds to stretching vibrations of C–C and C–O single bonds (the ‘disorder’ peak usually found for graphitic material) [56][57][58][59][60][61

Threshold voltage decrease in a thermotropic nematic liquid crystal doped with graphene oxide flakes

• Mateusz Mrukiewicz,
• Krystian Kowiorski,
• Paweł Perkowski,
• Rafał Mazur and
• Małgorzata Djas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 71–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.7

• aggregates is much more visible for the higher concentration (Figure 3e) than for the lower concentration (Figure 3b). The large aggregates disorder the long-range orientational order and disturb the liquid crystal alignment. According to the classical Michel–Levy interference color chart [38], we observe a

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• qualitative information via phononic behavior regarding the crystalline nature of materials, is a useful tool for investigating disorder in oxide materials. Figure 4a presents a typical room temperature Raman spectra of as-synthesized F or Zn/F-doped SnO2 nanopowders. The Raman spectra analyzed in this work

• (Figure 4b) a direct dependence of the mode frequency with XPS Zn content detected on the nanoparticle surface. This shifting correlated with the B2g Raman mode area increase indicates nanoparticle surface disorder induced by F attachment. S1 and S2 bands appear as a disorder activation consequence [25

• ] inferred by F, Zn and nanocrystallite size. When the F concentration is high (without Zn doping) the disorder is considered to be surface induced, while for a sample with a high Zn concentration (EDX – 3.74 atom %), ZTO0.44, the disorder is volume generated, along with a depreciation in the crystalline

Disorder in H⁺-irradiated HOPG: effect of impinging energy and dose on Raman D-band splitting and surface topography

• Lisandro Venosta,
• Noelia Bajales,
• Sergio Suárez and
• Paula G. Bercoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2708–2717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.253

• . 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina 10.3762/bjnano.9.253 Abstract Disorder was induced in pristine highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) by irradiation with H+ ions with energies of 0.4 MeV and 1 MeV, and doses of 1014 ions/cm2 and 1016 ions/cm2. Raman spectroscopy was used as the main

• engineering in carbon-based materials. Keywords: disorder; highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG); ion–solid interactions; Raman spectroscopy; topography; Introduction The development of novel methods to control the properties of carbon-based materials by introducing disorder is currently a subject of

• interest for many nanotechnological applications [1][2][3]. The identification of particle-induced disorder in the sp2 carbon network [3][4][5][6][7], such as the creation and aggregation of defects and/or impurities, has been mainly conducted by using Raman spectroscopy as a fast and non-destructive tool

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• –disorder transition at a certain value of χN [43]. In detail, the Flory–Huggins model relies on the thermodynamics of polymer solutions by considering the Gibbs free energy for mixing polymer with solvents. According to the Flory–Huggins theory, to calculate the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter, it must

• polymeric systems enhances the disorder degree within the polymeric chains since it mediates also nonfavorable interactions within the polymeric chains, working as plasticizers (affecting also the glass transition temperature value). When the evaporation phenomenon takes place at the film surface

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• suppressed lattice disorder of this HP results in a low density of traps and sub-bandgap states reflecting in a relatively small Eg–Voc loss of 0.45 eV [70]. The bandgap of alloyed FASnxPb1−xI3 HPs was found to vary in an unexpected way, that is, decreasing upon the introduction of Sn from ≈1.5 eV for MAPI

• characteristic Urbach energy of ≈60 meV, indicating a substantial level of structural and energetic disorder. Due to the disorder, planar inverted solar cells based on amorphous MA3Sb2I9 showed low photocurrent densities, however, with a relatively high open-circuit voltage (≈890 meV) and a decent fill factor