A versatile strategy towards non-covalent functionalization of graphene by surface-confined supramolecular self-assembly of Janus tectons

• Ping Du,
• David Bléger,
• Fabrice Charra,
• Vincent Bouchiat,
• David Kreher,
• Fabrice Mathevet and
• André-Jean Attias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 632–639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.64

• , molecular, in-plane confined, self-assembly studies to graphene substrates. However, to date, the majority of the investigations deal with only a few of molecules: 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), phthalocyanine (and its metal coordination complexes), and C60 fullerenes [20]. Moreover

Chains of carbon atoms: A vision or a new nanomaterial?

• Florian Banhart

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 559–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.58

• rings might be the ground state for carbon clusters with less than 20 atoms or precursors for the formation of more complex structures such as carbon nanotubes or fullerenes [18]. The rings might also consist of equal aromatic or alternated antiaromatic bonds. Of current interest are also chemically

Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires

• Alberto Milani,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Valeria Russo,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Franco Cataldo and
• Carlo S. Casari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 480–491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.49

• [16][17]. Criticism on the interpretation of these results was raised in the eighties by Smith and Buseck and were the objects of debate [18][19][20]. In the same period the search for linear carbon in interstellar medium for astrophysics studies drove the discovery of fullerenes by Kroto, Smalley and

• forms of carbon (e.g., fullerenes, nanotubes, graphene), the Raman spectra of sp-carbon chains has been only recently investigated in detail, and a consistent description has just begun to emerge. The Raman spectrum of polyynes shows a similar behavior to polyenes with a very intense feature named the

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphitic carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms

• Toma Susi,
• Thomas Pichler and
• Paola Ayala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 177–192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.17

• have received major attention, starting with the discovery of fullerenes in the late 1980s [1][2], followed by the proliferation of carbon nanotube research from the early 1990s [3][4][5], and coming finally to the latest stage when graphene rose into prominence in the mid-2000s [6][7][8]. Due to the

• unique nature of sp2 hybridization [9], strong σ bonds are formed between carbon atoms in fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene (Figure 1), along with delocalized π orbitals [10]. These materials each have superb intrinsic properties. Fullerenes are very stable nanocontainers [11], exhibiting interesting

• overlooked starting point for interpreting the N 1s core level are fullerenes containing a single nitrogen substitution, which are called azafullerenes (C59N). These are one of the only systems where there is no ambiguity about the underlying atomic structure. Thus even though curvature, the influence of the

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [23][24][25]. Using these solvents, it is possible to exfoliate graphite, resulting in defect-free graphene layers of high concentration. One limitation of this methodology is its inability to completely eliminate the absorbed solvent from the graphene

• edge carbon atoms. Rolling and sealing graphene An important potential application of exfoliated graphene is the tailored production of other carbon nanostructures such as fullerenes [29] and CNTs. To this effect, we have demonstrated the longstanding visualised strategy of rolling and sealing a

• -resolution techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) and HR-TEM are very useful for the identification of functional groups. A common organic reaction used for the functionalization of carbon nanostructures such as fullerenes, nanotubes, nano onions, nano horns and currently graphene, is

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• Juergen Bartelmess Silvia Giordani Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nano Carbon Materials, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.5.207 Abstract This review focuses on the development of multi-layer fullerenes, known as carbon nano-onions (CNOs). First, it briefly summarizes the most

• applications and addressing drawbacks for possible applications, such as poor solubility in common solvents. Finally, it gives an overview over the fields of application, in which CNO materials were successfully implemented. Keywords: carbon nanomaterials; carbon nano-onions; fullerenes; functionalization

• ], carbon nanohorns [5], nanodiamonds [6] and graphene [7]. Multi-shell fullerenes, known as carbon nano-onions (CNOs) and discovered by Ugarte in 1992 [8], are structured by concentric shells of carbon atoms. Over the last years, different methods for their synthesis have been developed and their

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• allotropes, the most widely known are carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes, graphite and graphene (sp2), and diamond (sp3). From these distinct hybridisations, different properties are inherent to these allotropes. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs): CNTs, first reported by Iijima in 1991 [1], are hollow cylinders

Neutral and charged boron-doped fullerenes for CO₂ adsorption

• Suchitra W. de Silva,
• Aijun Du,
• Wijitha Senadeera and
• Yuantong Gu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 413–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.49

• fullerenes are one of the most structurally stable heterofullerenes [9]. Guo et al. synthesized B-doped C60 fullerenes for the first time, in microscopic amounts by laser vaporisation [13]. Zou et al. [14] demonstrated the synthesis of B-doped C60 fullerene by using radio frequency plasma-assisted vapour

• site). Adsorption of CO2 on uncharged BC59 fullerenes According to our simulation results, the CO2 molecules can only form weak interactions with BC59 cage in its neutral state. The physisorption energy is a weak −2.04 kcal/mol (−4.1 kcal/mol for B97D/6-31G(d) calculations) and the weak interactions

Fullerenes as adhesive layers for mechanical peeling of metallic, molecular and polymer thin films

• Maria B. Wieland,
• Anna G. Slater,
• Barry Mangham,
• Neil R. Champness and
• Peter H. Beton

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 394–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.46

Topological edge properties of C_60+12n fullerenes

• A. Mottaghi and
• Ali R. Ashrafi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 400–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.47

• vertices equidistant from u and v. In [11], some mathematical properties of this new graph invariant have been investigated. The aim of this paper is to compute PI, edge Szeged and edge revised Szeged indices of an infinite class Fn of fullerenes with exactly 60 + 12n carbon atoms (Figure 1). We encourage

• calculated. By these tables and a case-by-case investigation on the molecular graph of Fn led to the following observation: The PI, edge Szeged and edge revised Szeged indices of C60+12n fullerenes can be computed by the following formulae: It is possible to find a proof for this observation by a tedious

• calculation on the molecular graph of Fn. Conclusion In this paper a computational method for computing PI, edge Szeged and edge revised Szeged indices of fullerene graphs is presented. In [18][19], the authors considered the topological properties of fullerenes given by vertex contributions of its molecular

Plasticity of Cu nanoparticles: Dislocation-dendrite-induced strain hardening and a limit for displacive plasticity

• Antti Tolvanen and
• Karsten Albe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 173–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.17

• carbon atoms as in fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene [8][9]. These nano-onions contract by electron-irradiation-induced defect formation and can exert forces in the gigapascal range on the encapsulated system. A hole punctured during the pressurisation allows the material to flow out after a

Low-temperature synthesis of carbon nanotubes on indium tin oxide electrodes for organic solar cells

• Andrea Capasso,
• Luigi Salamandra,
• Aldo Di Carlo,
• John M. Bell and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.60

• the fullerene derivative acts as an electron acceptor [6]. The holes move in the polymeric phase towards the anode, while the electrons hop along the fullerenes and eventually reach the cathode. Since the diffusion length of the exciton in the polymers is very low, recombination is highly probable

• , such as thermal [8] and solvent annealing [9], or the use of additives in the blend preparation [10]. Along with fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have also been suggested as promising materials to boost solar cell PCE, thanks to their excellent electrical properties and to a favorable aspect ratio

• [11]. In fact, CNTs were initially suggested as a replacement for fullerene [12], because of their ability to create percolation paths through the heterostructure, while providing electron–hole dissociation sites. Being that the electron mobility in fullerenes is rather low [13][14][15], the initial

Nanostructures for sensors, electronics, energy and environment

• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 351–352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.40

• nanoscale, such as fullerenes, nanotubes, graphene [4] and other carbon structures, or new organic–inorganic mixtures with unexpected properties, discussed also in the series “Organic–inorganic nanosystems” edited by Paul Ziemann [5]. Last but not least, we need to acknowledge that the ability to study