New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• Software package of Quantachrome Instruments). The QSDFT analysis was obtained from the adsorption branch of the isotherms assuming slit-like micropores and cylindrical mesopores. Spectroscopy analysis Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) were obtained from transmission measurements (Shimadzu 8400S

• -nitrophenol and E. coli bacteria, we prepared an initial set of materials with MgCl2 and ZnCl2 at a reaction temperature of 500 °C. Figure 1a shows the nitrogen sorption isotherms of 1M-HYCA, 1Z-HYCA, and 2Z-HYCA (see experimental part for sample labels). The shape of the isotherms suggests the presence of

• are a prerequisite for successful water treatment. In contrast, both Zn-containing samples show adsorption–desorption isotherms indicative of porous materials. The isotherm shape is, however, rather ill-defined and can be understood as a mixture of different isotherm types. A significant uptake is

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• carried out ex situ in order to distinguish the phases present in npPd at a certain potential. This procedure is thermodynamically equivalent to the measurement of pressure–composition isotherms (PCIs) upon hydrogen pressurisation. Since the parasitic process of hydrogen evolution contributes to the

Improved catalytic combustion of methane using CuO nanobelts with predominantly (001) surfaces

• Qingquan Kong,
• Yichun Yin,
• Bing Xue,
• Yonggang Jin,
• Wei Feng,
• Zhi-Gang Chen,
• Shi Su and
• Chenghua Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2526–2532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.235

• m2/g as measured by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method from N2 adsorption isotherms at 77 K, suggesting that the performance difference presented below does not come from the difference of the surface area. We now compare the catalytic performance of different CuO catalysts for CH4 oxidation. We

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• surface chemical composition results obtained from the XPS analysis ensure the formation of Fe3O4 and MnO2, which further confirms the observation from the previous structural and morphological characterization. Figure 7 shows the N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and corresponding pore-size

• /Fe3O4/diatomite. XPS spectra of as-synthesized MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite: (a) full survey spectrum, high-resolution scans of (b) Fe 2p, (c) Mn 2p and (d) O 1s. (a) N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms and (b) the corresponding pore-size distribution curves of diatomite, Fe3O4/diatomite and MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite

SO₂ gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study

• Deepu J. Babu,
• Divya Puthusseri,
• Frank G. Kühl,
• Sherif Okeil,
• Michael Bruns,
• Manfred Hampe and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1782–1792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.169

• adsorption behavior, adsorption isotherms are recorded under pure SO2 atmosphere. The possibility to obtain pure SO2 gas equilibrium adsorption data under these experimental conditions is of great significance for theoretical adsorption investigations and gas mixture selectivity studies. For all the

• materials, the adsorption isotherms are measured at near ambient temperatures up to the saturation pressure. Results and Discussion The morphology of the different adsorbents investigated in this work determined using SEM is shown in Figure 2. CNHs have an aggregated structure as shown by the SEM image in

• indicating maximum disorder in the structure. The N2 adsorption isotherms at 77 K of the six adsorbents are plotted in Figure 4a. The predominantly microporous nature of Norit R1 Extra is evident from the Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm (type I). The observed steep adsorption at low relative pressures is

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• spectra on a Nicolet Nexus FTIR spectrometer using the KBr method within the wavelength range of 400–4000 cm−1. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms were obtained at 77 K on an Autosorb–iQ2–MP nitrogen adsorption apparatus. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area of the samples was

• nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms are measured to confirm the porosity of the hexagonal NPLs. As shown in Figure 4A, all isotherms of the samples exhibit a capillary condensation step at relative pressure of p/p0 = 0.45–0.9, known as a type IV(a) isotherm according to IUPAC classification [35]. The

• mesoporous sample NPLs-2.5-800, the inset in (B) shows the corresponding size histogram obtained by statistical analysis of over 80 Co nanoparticles. (D) HAADF-STEM image of the hexagonal mesoporous sample NPLs-2.5-800. (A) and (B) Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms of the NPLs prepared under different

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• the powders were determined by measuring the nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms with a Tristar 3000, Micromeritics (USA) instrument. The measurements were performed at −196 °C (77 K). The samples were outgassed under vacuum for 16 h at 110 °C (383 K). The mass of the samples in the analyzer was

Sheet-on-belt branched TiO₂(B)/rGO powders with enhanced photocatalytic activity

• Huan Xing,
• Wei Wen and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1550–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.146

• Information Supporting Information File 100: Additional FESEM images, low-temperature N2 adsorption isotherms and photodegradation results to support the discussion. Acknowledgements We are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51502065) and State Key

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• maximum at 10–60 nm. The achieved value of the specific surface is rather high in comparison to similar materials based on metal silver [13]. The characteristic nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms are given on Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1. The XPS data were applied for analysis of the

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• heterostructured nanocomposites of ZnO and BiOI. The structural characteristics of the as-prepared ZnO/BiOI composites were revealed by nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms shown in Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1. The isotherm of sample B-4, with a unique hysteresis loop and a classical two capillary

• . Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to observe the microstructure of the as-synthesized ZnO/BiOI heterojunction nanocomposites under the operating voltage of 120 kV on a JEOL-ARM200F device. The surface area and the pore distribution were tested by the nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• calculate the surface area, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory was applied, while for porosity, the evaluation employing the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method was used. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines six types of physical sorption isotherms (I–VI), where the

• shape analysis of isotherm gives information about the characterization of surface area and porosity of the material [44]. The obtained titanium dioxide isotherms are shown in Figure 1a. The results revealed that the shape of the TiO2 isotherm is a combination of type II and type IV. Type II sorption

• isotherms are typical for non-porous or macroporous materials, for which unrestricted multilayer adsorption can occurs. In the isotherm, the characteristic bond (the knee) was found at low pressure, indicating the point at which the creation of a monolayer was completed. On the other hand, type IV is

Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles

• Fuat Topuz and
• Tamer Uyar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64

• –desorption isotherms and the pore size diagrams of MSNs. The pristine MSN sample, which does not have any CD moieties, has a mean pore size of 2.64 nm and a surface area of 1374.25 m2/g. BET analysis of the multifaceted silica particles synthesized with 0.25% (w/v) HP-γ-CD revealed a microporous structure

• acceptable signal/noise ratio. The surface area and pore volume were measured by a Quantachrome NOVA 2200e series surface analyzer. The particles were outgassed for 24 h at 110 °C. The adsorption isotherms of nitrogen at 77K were investigated through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements in the p/p0

• range of 0.05–0.3. The pore size distribution was obtained from the adsorption isotherms by the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) experiments were performed using a PANalytical X'Pert Pro MPD, which was powered by a Philips PW3040/60 X-ray generator fitted with an

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• ) spectroscopy measurements were carried out by using an Agilent Technologies Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms were measured at 77 K on a Quantachrome Autosorb-iQ-MP-XR system. Photocatalytic degradation study

• surface area of CT flakes and to investigate the effect of g-C3N4 on enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the CTCN heterojunction, the BET surface area of bare CT, g-C3N4 and CTCN heterojunction has been investigated. Figure 8a–c represents the N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms for g-C3N4, CT and

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO₂

• Patrycja Parnicka,
• Paweł Mazierski,
• Tomasz Grzyb,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewa Kowalska,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

• photocatalysts and XRD data were calculated using the Scherrer equation. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms were measured at −196 °C (liquid nitrogen temperature) using a Micromeritics Gemini V (model 2365). The surface area was determined according to the standard Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) method. All

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• , the BET method) is many times larger than the area of its external surface (Sext = 0.5 m2/g, the Tovarov method [38]), it is reasonable to assume that TiO2 will be predominantly in the form of pillars in the interlayer space. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms for the obtained

• samples are shown in Figure 6a. All the isotherms are characterized by the presence of capillary condensation hysteresis loops and belong to type IV according to IUPAC classification [39], which is typical for materials with mesoporous structure. Furthermore, the shape of the hysteresis loop for these

• isotherms is of type H3 according to IUPAC [34], indicating the presence of long slit-shaped and plane-parallel pores in the obtained pillared materials. In addition, the desorption branch of the isotherm shows an inflection at about 0.45–0.5 P/P0, typical for many types of layered materials while using

Bombyx mori silk/titania/gold hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting: combining renewable raw materials with clean fuels

• Stefanie Krüger,
• Michael Schwarze,
• Otto Baumann,
• Christina Günter,
• Michael Bruns,
• Christian Kübel,
• Dorothée Vinga Szabó,
• Rafael Meinusch,
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 187–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.21

Facile synthesis of silver/silver thiocyanate (Ag@AgSCN) plasmonic nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic performance

• Xinfu Zhao,
• Dairong Chen,
• Abdul Qayum,
• Bo Chen and
• Xiuling Jiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2781–2789, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.277

• source. N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms were determined by using a Quadrasorb SI apparatus to obtain the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was recorded on a CHI660A electrochemical workstation (CH Instrument Company, Shanghai, China

L-Lysine-grafted graphene oxide as an effective adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue and metal ions

• Yan Yan,
• Jie Li,
• Fangbei Kong,
• Kuankuan Jia,
• Shiyu He and
• Baorong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2680–2688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.268

• promising adsorption material for the removal of environmental pollutants. Keywords: adsorption; copper (Cu) ions; graphene; isotherms; methylene blue; Introduction Graphene is a two-dimensional carbon material with honeycomb network and sp2 hybridization. Recently, graphene-based materials have drawn

• -order kinetic model may describe the adsorption of MB on graphene. The adsorption kinetic model of Cu2+ was very similar to that of MB on Lys-GO, and the linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model fitted the adsorption of Cu2+ on Lys-GO. MB adsorption isotherms The adsorption equilibrium isotherm is a key

• were generally analyzed by the models of Langmuir or Freundlich. Therefore, the experimental data were also fitted by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms in this work. The Langmuir isothermal linear equation is described as and the Freundlich isothermal linear expression is represented by where Ce (mg

Modelling focused electron beam induced deposition beyond Langmuir adsorption

• Dédalo Sanz-Hernández and
• Amalio Fernández-Pacheco

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2151–2161, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.214

• types of growth regimes are possible for FEBID under no diffusion, resulting into four types of adsorption isotherms. We propose the use of these maps as a powerful tool for the analysis of FEBID processes. Keywords: adsorption isotherm theory; BET model; continuum model; focused electron beam induced

• GR. FEBID isotherms The maps in Figure 3d–f can be employed to extract FEBID isotherms (surface coverage vs pressure at constant temperature) for different models and regimes. These are obtained by evaluating the dependence of <θ> with vGAS/ve for constant v2/ve values, that is, via the colour

• evolution along horizontal lines. Changes in the slope of the isotherms are easy to observe via horizontal changes in the separation between GR contours. Using the classic classification of adsorption isotherms [50], the types of FEBID isotherms extracted from the maps are shown in Figure 4. In the Langmuir

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• point of nitrogen using a surface area and porosity analyzer (ASAP2020, Micromeritics). The specific surface area of the samples was calculated according to BET theory. The pore size of carbon nanospheres was calculated from the desorption branch of nitrogen isotherms using the Barret–Joyner–Halenda

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO₂ nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

• Jin Zhang,
• Yibing Cai,
• Xuebin Hou,
• Xiaofei Song,
• Pengfei Lv,
• Huimin Zhou and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

• axially aligned, which may be caused by both the strong stretching force from the strong electric field and the formation of larger oil droplets during electrospinning [25]. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms of sample A2, sample B2, sample C2 and solid TiO2 nanofibers are shown in Figure 5. All

• isotherms in Figure 5 belong to type IV accompanied with a hysteresis loop located at higher relative pressures [32][33]. The specific surface areas of sample A2, sample B2, sample C2 and solid TiO2 nanofibers were approximately 69.9, 48.2, 43.1 and 35.6 m2/g, respectively. It is noteworthy that the

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• analysis (TGA) was performed with a TA Instruments Q500 Thermogravimetric Analyzer. Nitrogen gas sorption isotherms of LPEI/silica composite particles at 77 K were recorded with a Quantachrome NOVA 2000 Series instrument. Prior to measurements, the samples were heated for 2 h in vacuum at 110 °C (LPEI

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• after the etching steps. Physical characterisation methods Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms were measured at 77 K with a Nova 3000e (QuantaChrome) instrument after sample pretreatment at 250 °C for 18 h. The specific surface area was calculated by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) equation from a

• carbon tubes (4) carbonized at 950 °C (black/top), 1300 °C (red/middle) and 1600 °C (blue/bottom). Thermogravimetric plot of the decomposition of the carbon tubes (4) carbonized at 950 °C in air. (a) Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms at 77 K and (b) pore size distribution function from adsorption

• ; 46.7 atom % C; 6.42 atom % O; 46.0 atom % Si. High pressure carbon dioxide adsorption isotherm at 25 °C for carbon tubes (4) carbonized at 950°C. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms at 77 K (a) and pore size distribution from adsorption (DFT, slit pore model) (b) for carbon tubes (4) before (black

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method [34]. Determination of average pore diameters was done using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) approach using the desorption branch of the sorption isotherms [35]. X-ray scattering. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) intensities were recorded at room temperature with a