Imaging the intracellular degradation of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles

• Anne-Kathrin Barthel,
• Martin Dass,
• Melanie Dröge,
• Jens-Michael Cramer,
• Daniela Baumann,
• Markus Urban,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.201

• ., number of detached magnetite crystals, and the number of nanoparticles in one endosome), we demonstrate the importance of TEM studies for such applications in addition to fluorescence studies (flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy). Keywords: biodegradation; mesenchymal stem cells; PLLA

• period of 14 days, primarily by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in order to demonstrate their degradation. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and flow cytometry were used to monitor the nanoparticle load of individual cells. As a probe we chose tailor-made PLLA

• cultures. All values are triplicates with the error bars representing the standard deviation. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was applied to demonstrate the intracellular distribution of nanoparticles over the period of 14 days. As described in [26], for

Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages

• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Benjamin Michen,
• Fabian Blank,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1625–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.174

• presence of the endocytotic proteins which are involved in endocytosis in both cell types (Figure 2). To achieve this, laser scanning microscopy (LSM) was applied as the primary tool for this investigations. Flotillin-1 and clathrin heavy chain could be visualized in J774A.1 cells, but caveolin-1 was not

• fluospheres (molecular probes) were used at a concentration of 20 µg/mL in RPMI. Laser scanning microscopy of fixed and living cells For LSM imaging, the cells were fixed with 3% paraformaldehyde (PFA, Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland) in PBS for 15 minutes at room temperature. The cells were then washed with 1

• . Laser scanning microscopy imaging revealed particle uptake in J774A.1 and A549 cells. (A–C) Uptake of 40 nm PS NPs (NP: red, cytosol: grey). (A) Untreated cells with 40 nm NPs. (B) 40 nm NPs and cytochalasin D (cytoD) in J774A.1 and chlorpromazine (cpz) in A549 cells. (C) 40 nm NPs and

Mimicking exposures to acute and lifetime concentrations of inhaled silver nanoparticles by two different in vitro approaches

• Fabian Herzog,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Sandor Balog,
• Martin J. D. Clift,
• Matthias Epple,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1357–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.149

• , resulting in increased surface concentrations of 1.7, 3.4, and 5.1 µg Ag/cm2. Therefore, the two exposure scenarios could be compared due to similar mass deposition on the lung cells surface. Cell morphology and particle uptake The cell morphology was studied with laser scanning microscopy (LSM) (Figure 2

• ; Sigma-Aldrich) served as positive control to induce the release of TNF-α and IL-8, respectively. Laser scanning microscopy As described in [44], the triple cell co-cultures were fixed on the cell culture insert with 3% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 15 min at room temperature

Dry friction of microstructured polymer surfaces inspired by snake skin

• Martina J. Baum,
• Lars Heepe,
• Elena Fadeeva and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1091–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.122

• elevated, so the snake can generate propulsion due to the interlocking of its microstructure with surface asperities. The results of the study of the snake skin’s microstructure by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed that the anisotropic geometry of the

Fibrillar adhesion with no clusterisation: Functional significance of material gradient along adhesive setae of insects

• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Alexander E. Filippov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 837–845, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.95

• revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). This gradient is hypothesized to be an evolutionary optimization enhancing adaptation of adhesive pads to rough surfaces, while simultaneously preventing setal clusterisation. Such an optimisation presumably increases the performance of the adhesive