Gas-assisted silver deposition with a focused electron beam

• Luisa Berger,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Iwona B. Szymanska,
• Katja Höflich,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Jakub Jurczyk,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 224–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.24

• precursor for gas phase FEBID was reported [13]. Silver FEBID was also realized in an encapsulated liquid phase [14]. Although resulting in pure silver with 50 nm sized dots, this technique comes with challenges such as the mandatory membrane substrate for keeping the liquid container tight, yet accessible

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• polymers and metal nanoparticles. Review 1 Ligands in the synthesis of metal particles The shapes of coinage-metal nanoparticles during liquid-phase synthesis can be controlled through the introduction of capping ligands in the reaction mixture. Certain ligands determine the final shape of a nanocrystal

Nanoprofilometry study of focal conic domain structures in a liquid crystalline free surface

• Anna N. Bagdinova,
• Evgeny I. Demikhov,
• Nataliya G. Borisenko and
• Sergei M. Tolokonnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2544–2551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.254

• about 0.1 μm. For the next experiments, the 8CB materials was heated up to 43 °С – the temperature of the isotropic liquid phase, and then cooled down to the smectic-A (SmA) phase temperature. Figure 2 shows the process of formation and relaxation of the craters over the course of 10 min at 30 °С in the

• heated to the temperature of the isotropic liquid phase 43 °С on a heating stage. Then the heating table was turned off and the substance was cooled to room temperature. At a temperature of 32 °С, the phase transition to the smectic phase occurred and the crater formation began. The temperature was

• an amplitude by the software MetroPro. During the experiments, a small droplet of the substance was placed on a piece of LC display substrate with a sharp metallic tool and then put on the heating table. The temperature of the isotropic liquid phase was set and structure of the droplet was observed

Optical contrast and refractive index of natural van der Waals heterostructure nanosheets of franckeite

• Patricia Gant,
• Foad Ghasemi,
• David Maeso,
• Carmen Munuera,
• Elena López-Elvira,
• Riccardo Frisenda,
• David Pérez De Lara,
• Gabino Rubio-Bollinger,
• Mar Garcia-Hernandez and
• Andres Castellanos-Gomez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2357–2362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.235

• adsorbates between the layers. Very recently Molina-Mendoza et al. demonstrated mechanical and liquid-phase exfoliation of franckeite down to 3–4 unit cells and they fabricated field-effect devices, near infrared photodetectors and PN junctions [15]. Also, Velický et al. isolated single unit cell nanosheets

Vapor-based polymers: from films to nanostructures

• Meike Koenig and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2219–2220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.221

• .8.221 Keywords: nanostructures; vapor-based polymers; While the traditional and popular realm of polymer synthesis is the liquid phase, the use of vapor-based techniques to deposit polymers has been met with increasing interest over the past decades. The perhaps most relevant example, the deposition of

Angstrom-scale flatness using selective nanoscale etching

• Takashi Yatsui,
• Hiroshi Saito and
• Katsuyuki Nobusada

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2181–2185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.217

• molecules. ONFs selectively generated at the apex of protrusions on the surface selectively etch the protrusions. To confirm the selective etching of the nanoscale structure, we compared near-field etching using both gas molecules and ions in liquid phase. Using two-dimensional Fourier analysis, we found

Ester formation at the liquid–solid interface

• Nguyen T. N. Ha,
• Thiruvancheril G. Gopakumar,
• Nguyen D. C. Yen,
• Carola Mende,
• Lars Smykalla,
• Maik Schlesinger,
• Roy Buschbeck,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Heinrich Lang,
• Michael Mehring and
• Michael Hietschold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2139–2150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.213

• the other hand, solid–liquid interfaces are much more often encountered in real world applications ranging from heterogeneous catalysis to biomembranes. Heating is in such cases usually limited by the boiling of the liquid phase, and other means to initiate on-surface reactions are often required

• location of esterification, respectively: 1) The ester molecules originate all from the solution (either as contamination or as the result of an esterification in the bulk liquid phase); 2) the seed molecules for the ordered adsorbed ester pattern originate from the solution but around them further

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

Evaluation of preparation methods for suspended nano-objects on substrates for dimensional measurements by atomic force microscopy

• Petra Fiala,
• Daniel Göhler,
• Benno Wessely,
• Michael Stintz,
• Giovanni Mattia Lazzerini and
• Andrew Yacoot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1774–1785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.179

• procedure (Plasma Prep II, SPI Supplies) was chosen. A study of cleaning methods for silicon has been undertaken in [15]. The application of conditioned samples on the conditioned substrates were performed by four liquid phase preparation methods and two gas phase preparation methods as summarised in Table

•  2. No additional post-conditioning of the sample/substrate was performed. For the SEM evaluation of membrane filtered samples it was helpful to sputter a thin (≈1 nm) platinum layer over the surface to prevent charging effects. Liquid phase preparation As mentioned before, preparation should lead

• studies based on the KC - theory (see section ‘Liquid phase preparation’) and were tested regarding their reproducibility as well as deposition quality and quantity. The characterisation by SEM shows examples of preparation results. Liquid phase preparation results Membrane filtration: Preparations

Synthesis and catalytic application of magnetic Co–Cu nanowires

• Lijuan Sun,
• Xiaoyu Li,
• Zhiqiang Xu,
• Kenan Xie and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1769–1773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.178

• Lijuan Sun Xiaoyu Li Zhiqiang Xu Kenan Xie Li Liao School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, PR China 10.3762/bjnano.8.178 Abstract A rapid, template-free method was developed to prepare magnetic, bimetallic Co–Cu nanowires via liquid phase reduction and metal

• synthesis method is introduced which is capable of preparing bimetallic Co–Cu nanowires with great potential for industrial applications. Keywords: catalyst; Co–Cu nanowires; liquid phase reduction; magnetic materials; metal replacement; Findings In recent years, many researchers have been devoted to the

Three-in-one approach towards efficient organic dye-sensitized solar cells: aggregation suppression, panchromatic absorption and resonance energy transfer

• Jayita Patwari,
• Samim Sardar,
• Bo Liu,
• Peter Lemmens and
• Samir Kumar Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1705–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.171

• of the S10P0-sensitized photoanode that the absorption of SQ2 has broadened after attaching to a TiO2 surface compared to the liquid-phase absorption spectrum of SQ2 (Figure 1c). The broadening of the overall spectrum and increase in peak-intensity at lower wavelengths signify the increased

Luminescent supramolecular hydrogels from a tripeptide and nitrogen-doped carbon nanodots

• Maria C. Cringoli,
• Slavko Kralj,
• Marina Kurbasic,
• Massimo Urban and
• Silvia Marchesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1553–1562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.157

• locally before the system could be homogenized by mixing. As a result, all samples displayed a heterogeneous nature, with gel mass and liquid phase around it until gelation was complete. Such a heterogeneous nature was also present at the nanoscale, as revealed by TEM, with wide distribution of fiber

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• is the optimum organic solvent for amphiphilic CDs in this study. In the nanoprecipitation technique, nanoparticle formation occurs as a result of interfacial turbulence between two unequilibrated liquid phases. For the formation of turbulence, the liquid phases (organic phase and liquid phase) used

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• study is the deposition of nanostructured silica onto the surface of carbon fibers. Among other techniques of covering the carbon fiber surface with a silicon dioxide layer (or other ceramic coatings), the most common ones are chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [4], liquid phase impregnation [5] and sol

• support or as a catalytic active material. The second possibility can be fulfilled for instance by introducing a titania precursor in the mineralization process. A silica/titania mixture is able to catalyze liquid phase epoxidation [35], the NOx abatement under UV irradiation [36] or the photocatalytic

The integration of graphene into microelectronic devices

• Guenther Ruhl,
• Sebastian Wittmann,
• Matthias Koenig and
• Daniel Neumaier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1056–1064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.107

• aspects of the integration of graphene into complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible electronic devices. Review 1 Deposition of graphene Graphene films can synthesized in numerous ways, such as mechanical exfoliation, liquid-phase exfoliation, assembly of tailored precursor molecules

Study of the correlation between sensing performance and surface morphology of inkjet-printed aqueous graphene-based chemiresistors for NO₂ detection

• F. Villani,
• C. Schiattarella,
• T. Polichetti,
• R. Di Capua,
• F. Loffredo,
• B. Alfano,
• M. L. Miglietta,
• E. Massera,
• L. Verdoliva and
• G. Di Francia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1023–1031, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.103

• attractive for the applications in the field of sensing. Among the various methods for producing graphene over large areas, liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) appears to be very promising, especially if combined with inkjet printing (IJP), which offers several advantages, including the selective and controlled

• , low-cost process that meets the requests coming from the increasing field of paper-based electronics and paving the way towards a flexible, green-by-design mass production. Keywords: aqueous graphene dispersion; gas sensors; inkjet printing; liquid phase exfoliation; nitrogen dioxide; paper-based

• interfere with the response signal. All these peculiarities of graphene are widely attracting the interest of the scientific community involved in this research field, and much attention is devoted to the fabrication methods. Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) [2] is a very promising fabrication technique among

Triptycene-terminated thiolate and selenolate monolayers on Au(111)

• Jinxuan Liu,
• Martin Kind,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Daniel Käfer,
• Stefanie Winkler,
• Wenhua Zhang,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 892–905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.91

• units is a factor to liquid phase epitaxy of SURMOFs [20]. The temperature has another crucial impact on the efficiency and the direction of MOF growth on surfaces [3][21]. The strength of the chalcogenate–gold bond represents an upper limit to the MOF deposition temperature. Thus, replacing thiolate by

• liquid phase epitaxy experiments of SURMOFs on –COOH terminated triptycene-based SAMs [20] with a selenium anchor group instead of a sulfur anchor group to study the impact of a higher degree of order on the resulting MOF thin films and their crystallographic orientation. Deposition temperature has been

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• (ii) efficient stabilization of the (highly viscous) liquid phase over extended periods of time. As a result, [BmimSO3H][PTS] is a viable candidate for use in membranes, especially when considering the simple, near quantitative synthesis (Figure 7) and the high thermal stability of the IL (Figure 10

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• al. have prepared Mn3O4 and N-doped rGO which shows pronounced electrocatalytic activity towards ORR in alkaline solutions [135]. This hybrid can be prepared by different methods such as a two-step solution phase method (Figure 4a) [136], liquid phase deposition [137] or hydrothermal synthesis [138

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• temperature by 120 °C and 150 °C respectively, thereby increasing the decomposition heat. The greater catalytic effect of snowflake particles, despite the smaller BET surface area, is attributed to the surface defects developed during their liquid-phase reduction. Recent studies also emphasize that the

Impact of surface wettability on S-layer recrystallization: a real-time characterization by QCM-D

• Jagoba Iturri,
• Ana C. Vianna,
• Alberto Moreno-Cencerrado,
• Dietmar Pum,
• Uwe B. Sleytr and
• José Luis Toca-Herrera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 91–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.10

• slopes derived, can characterize specifically one type of process and enables the differentiation between them. Contact angle measurements: Sessile-drop experiments were performed with a contact-angle measuring system (Kruss D100, Hamburg, Germany). Millipore water (18.2 MΩ·cm) was used as the liquid

• phase. Water drops (ca. 10 µL) were deposited on the substrates and the contact angles were obtained from the drop profiles. General scheme of SbpA protein S-layer crystal formation on a planar substrate: (left) the initial approach and binding of protein units to the surface co-exists with inter

Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 82–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.9

• removal of chlorine ions in the liquid phase. Finally, a thermal treatment at 120 °C for 2 h allowed us to maintain hydroxyl (–OH) groups on the oxide surface in order to permit the attachment of Pd NPs during the electrochemical deposition process [45]. Electrochemical decoration of ZnO by Pd NPs Pd@ZnO

Obtaining and doping of InAs-QD/GaAs(001) nanostructures by ion beam sputtering

• Sergei N. Chebotarev,
• Alexander S. Pashchenko,
• Leonid S. Lunin,
• Elena N. Zhivotova,
• Georgy A. Erimeev and
• Marina L. Lunina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 12–20, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.2

• epitaxy [8] and vapour phase epitaxy [9] are commonly used and well-understood techniques for obtaining such nanostructures. Besides the mentioned methods, classic growth methods such as liquid phase epitaxy [10], laser beam sputtering [11], electron beam sputtering [12] and ion beam sputtering [13] are

Solvent-mediated conductance increase of dodecanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticle monolayers

• Patrick A. Reissner,
• Jean-Nicolas Tisserant,
• Antoni Sánchez-Ferrer,
• Raffaele Mezzenga and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2057–2064, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.196

• monolayers undergoing liquid phase molecular exchange protocols. Solvent induced decreases in lattice constant need to be taken into account for comprehensive interpretation of the electronic measurements on nanoparticle monolayers. We showed here that self-assembly of nanoparticle monolayers on liquid phase

Effective intercalation of zein into Na-montmorillonite: role of the protein components and use of the developed biointerfaces

• Ana C. S. Alcântara,
• Margarita Darder,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1772–1782, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.170

• ninhydrin spray solution as revealing agent confirmed the presence of protein in the extracted liquid phase, showing a purplish color resulting from reaction between ninhydrin and free amino groups from amino acids of solubilized zein (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). The molecular weight of the

• (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5a, route 2). In both cases, the biohybrids were formed in a final liquid phase of 80:20 (v/v) ethanol/water, i.e., similar to that used in synthesis 2. These EXT and PCT phases were obtained from three different initial amounts of zein in pure ethanol: 20, 100 and 500

• solid phase of the protein began to solubilize as the liquid phase reached a 80:20 ethanol/water ratio, forming at this point a homogeneous Z-MMT suspension. The system was kept under magnetic stirring for 48 h at room temperature, and then the solid was separated by centrifugation and dried overnight