Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• -standing, large-area PM monolayer remains challenging. Previous approaches for the oriented assembly of PM were based on solid supports [8][29][30] or interfaces between liquids [31][32]. Other approaches, by implementing transmembrane proteins such as BR in lipid bilayers, have so far been used only to

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• alternative approach to the fixation, dehydration, drying, and even coating stages outlined above is to apply ionic liquids during sample preparation. Ionic liquids are organic salts with low melting points which are fluid at room temperature. They are persistent as liquids under the high-vacuum conditions of

• a typical electron microscope and exhibit conductive properties. This means that samples can be immersed in an ionic liquid, for 10–600 s, blotted, loaded onto a sample holder, and then imaged [68]. Compared to other preparation techniques, the preparation time using ionic liquids is extremely short

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• , morphology, and size. This antimicrobial activity can be used in numerous sectors, such as textile, animal, or antimicrobial packaging industries. In the latter, NPs are used to inhibit and control microbial growth, resist against the penetration of liquids or gases, retain moisture, and maintain packaged

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• bundle is larger than the elastic force [26]. This bundling effect is the main limiting factor of this integration scheme. To overcome this issue, one can use liquids with low surface tension or supercritical CO2 [27]. However, this would increase complexity and cost of the process significantly

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point on a Casson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching sheet

• Ganji Narender,
• Kamatam Govardhan and
• Gobburu Sreedhar Sarma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.114

• magnetic properties of electrically conducting fluids are studied is called magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Magnetic fluids, liquids, metals and mixtures containing water, salt and other electrolytes are examples of materials that can be investigated via MHD. Hannes Alfen was the first to introduce the term

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• local temperatures are very high, metal fluorides and sulfides melt and fill the nanotubes via capillary forces. The liquids solidify as one-dimensional nanorods inside the nanotubes. The usage of g-C3N4, instead of graphite, was found to be beneficial, especially for obtaining high yields of nanorods

Effect of magnetic field, heat generation and absorption on nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet

• Santoshi Misra and
• Govardhan Kamatam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 976–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.82

• positive, there is heat generation across the flow, which enhances the thermal boundary layer thickness. Two-dimensional coordinate system and fluid flow mechanism of a nanoparticle suspension. Influence of the slip parameter for liquids ξ on the streamwise velocity component f´(η) when n = 2.0, M = 0.0, Q

• = 0.0, Pr = 2.0, Nb = Nt = 0.5, Le = 5.0, and Fw = 0.2. Influence of the slip parameter for liquids ξ on the temperature distribution θ(η) when n = 2.0, M = 0.0, Q = 0.0, Pr = 2.0, Nb = Nt = 0.5, Le = 5.0, and Fw = 0.2. Influence of the slip parameter for liquids ξ on the concentration distribution ϕ(η

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• synthesized from glassy carbon [16], graphite [26], polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) [27], and a graphite–cement mixture [6] via LAL in various liquids. In general, there are three major mechanisms contributing to the photoluminescence (PL) of CDs: 1) size-dependent bandgap (quantum confinement), 2) surface

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• obtained through holding the grid near an incandescent lamp for 2 min. The excess of the liquids was removed by touching the grid to a strip of the filter paper. The grid was washed by a drop of deionized water, dried and then analyzed by TEM. According to TEM data, the prepared Ara6-GNPs 3 and 4 had the

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• carbonate [60], propylene carbonate [61] and ionic liquids [1] in contrast to argon. Furthermore, the adsorption of xylene isomers is an important step for synthesizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) [62]. Moreover, Ar physisorption measurements are conducted at 87 K

Integration of sharp silicon nitride tips into high-speed SU8 cantilevers in a batch fabrication process

• Nahid Hosseini,
• Matthias Neuenschwander,
• Oliver Peric,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Jonathan D. Adams and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2357–2363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.226

• parasitic resonance peaks in the cantilever tune, which is well known for tapping-mode AFM in low-Q environments such as liquids. As with imaging in fluids, acquiring a thermal tune prior to the mechanical tune helps to find the correct resonance peak to use. The poor mechanical tune caused by the low Q

Dynamics of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in viscous liquids in rotating magnetic fields

• Nikolai A. Usov,
• Ruslan A. Rytov and
• Vasiliy A. Bautin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2294–2303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.221

• . It is important to note that for sufficiently large particle diameters the SAR in RMFs is approximately two times larger than that in AMFs. It is worth mentioning that liquids with suspended particles of average size of the order of or less than 100 nm belong to the interesting class of nanofluids

• different magnetic anisotropy constants and in liquids of different viscosities. As Figure 5a shows, with a slight decrease in the magnetic anisotropy constant the dependence of the SAR on the average nanoparticle diameter does not change appreciably, whereas the SAR maximum shifts to larger particle

• diameters. Figure 5b shows the dependence of the SAR on the average diameter of nanoparticles in liquids of various viscosities. One can see in this figure that the range of optimal particle diameters varies little in the range of η = 0.01–0.1 g/(cm·s), but the SAR decreases with increasing viscosity

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• of PLGA in 1 mL ACN was pumped into the middle channel using another syringe pump (Multi Programmable Syringe Pump, Sarasota, USA). The flow rate ratios (FRR) of the two phases were varied from (0.05 up 1). The two liquids were brought together in the mixing channel and the PLGA started to

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• Electronic GmbH, Germany) [26]. The probe determines the dielectric constant, D, of the skin through a condenser in the probe. An insulator medium in the condenser reduces the measured D value. For example, D is 0 for a complete insulator (vacuum), about 5 for lipids and organic liquids, and 80 for pure

Nanostructured and oriented metal–organic framework films enabling extreme surface wetting properties

• Andre Mähringer,
• Julian M. Rotter and
• Dana D. Medina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1994–2003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.196

• good basis for understanding their growth behavior and morphology. To assess the wetting properties of Ni- and Co-CAT-1, we investigated the interaction of the bulk materials pressed as compact pellets with different polar and apolar liquids. For this purpose, we synthesized M-CAT-1 bulk materials

• ). To establish these MOF films as superoleophobic surfaces applicable to a wide range of oils, we examined the interactions of other high-density oils with the oriented and nanostructured MOF surfaces. For this purpose, we determined the underwater OCA for different chlorinated liquids, such as

• MOF films efficiently repel a large variety of oily liquids, hence constituting an intriguing platform for underwater superoleophobic properties. Since MOFs are crystalline materials featuring crystal facets with distinct surface energies, the orientation of these crystallites on a surface is expected

Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

• Pascal L. Stahr and
• Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

• upon the production with high-pressure homogenization, which is a well-described technique to reduce the number of bacteria in liquids [26]. The growth of microorganisms during storage was temperature-dependent and was also found to be slightly influenced by the type of stabilizer, i.e., a slightly

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

• Yongcai You,
• Ruirui Xing,
• Qianli Zou,
• Feng Shi and
• Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

• focused on the amorphous assemblies in organic solvents and ionic liquids [42][43][44][45][46]. Although these CDP gels have good mechanical properties and deceased enzymatic degradation under physiological conditions, they still have some challenging problems such as inflexibility, low biosecurity and

Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• liquids. During processing COP-100, the amount of EDA varied according to the molar ratio between the nitrogen content of COP-100 and the molecular weight of EDA. Interestingly, even a tiny amount of EDA can dissolve COP-100, showing significant solubility COP-100 in liquid amines. The amount of EDA

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• , represented by ionic liquids [23], which are known (or considered) to dissolve cellulose via direct interactions. Furthermore, the introduction of functional groups at the terminal of cellulose oligomers [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] significantly expands the variety of available molecular species that can

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• conversion values. IL-free, precipitated NiGa nanoparticles achieve conversion values of over 90% and selectivity of 100% towards alkene over three runs. Keywords: ionic liquids; microwave decomposition; nickel/gallium nanoparticles; semihydrogenation catalysis; soft wet-chemical synthesis; Introduction

• [17]. Alternatively, ionic liquids can be used as solvents and stabilization agents for different metal nanoparticles from metal carbonyls [18] or organometallic complexes [19]. Ni nanoparticles from Ni(COD)2 in ionic liquids can be obtained through spontaneous decomposition [20] or decomposition

• ionic liquids decomposition of GaCp* is possible at temperatures below 300 °C with the aid of transition metals. Reactions of transition-metal complexes are reported to show H/D activation/exchange reactions at the C2 imidazolium carbon atom of the ionic liquid cation. The generated N-heterocyclic

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• agents in the amorphous state. However, the amorphous state is physically unstable. Because of their high free energy, amorphous phase materials tend to recrystallize [15], especially in the presence of liquids [16]. This has hindered the broad application of amorphous active agents in dermal

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• categorized as interfacial environments with certain degrees of freedom of molecular mobility (dynamism). These interfaces with liquids have several intrinsic features: (i) They are environments of two different phases; (ii) they exhibit a discontinuous change of the dielectric constant; (iii) they are highly

• liquids dissolve different species that can only come into contact at the interface. At gas–liquid interfaces, insoluble components remain only at the interface and interact with other molecules (or materials) diffused from the underneath liquid phase. These circumstances can induce the generation of low

• . Because of the relatively dynamic nature of two liquids, the liquid–liquid interfaces are, in general, less well-defined than liquid-gas interfaces. Hence, the interfacial polymerizations tend to afford thicker films [220]. π‑conjugated nickel bis(dithiolene) complex nanosheets reported by Kambe and co

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

• , co-doping with P and N was found to be an effective way of increasing the ORR activity of carbon materials [22][23][24][25][26]. Most of the reported PN-doping techniques involve the carbonization of [N-containing polymer + P-containing compound] mixtures or of ionic liquids containing both N and P

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• introduction of small amounts of ionic liquids (ILs), which are known as NP stabilizers, including on carbon supports [26], into Pt-based catalysts can further improve the ORR performance. This is likely due to the high O2 solubility in the IL phase [27]. It was also demonstrated that the choice of the carbon

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• novel composite electrodes that were synthesized utilizing the soft-template method inspired by Martinez de Yuso et al. from 2017 [23]. With this method we are able to reduce the cost for the precursor materials significantly. We are able to use pyrrole-2-carboxyaldehyde, instead of ionic liquids, as