Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• matrix has been reported for monometallic systems [95][97][98] and alloys [76][77], stabilizing amorphous structures and enhancing glass formation ability (GFA). In general, Si, B, P, and carbon have been reported to diffuse into metallic matrices and thus enhance the GFA, whereas carbon seems to have

• metallic matrix of the forming HEA NPs, being the reason behind the stabilized amorphous structure. Figure 5 illustrates the hypothesized differences during ps- and ns-LAL. In ps-LAL, the time when the temperature is high enough for the plume and particles to stay in a liquid state (TL) is short and can be

Deep learning for enhancement of low-resolution and noisy scanning probe microscopy images

• Samuel Gelman,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Nir Kampf,
• Marek Patočka,
• Maricarmen Rios,
• Marcos Penedo,
• Georg Fantner,
• Amir Beker,
• Sidney R. Cohen and
• Ido Azuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.83

• compared to the GT. There was no statistically significant difference between the performance of deep learning models compared to the traditional methods, as shown by the p-value Tukey’s range test matrix comparisons in Figure 3 (all p-values are bigger than 0.98, except for that of the bilinear method

• invariance to scale and rotation [43]. These features were then matched across images using a brute force matching algorithm, followed by k-nearest neighbors to refine the matching process based on Euclidean distance [44]. The best corresponding pixel matches were used to compute the homography matrix

• 0.23 μm on full image and detail, respectively. p-Values for six different metrics (PSNR, SSIM, Fourier Sharpness, PI, Ma, and NIQE) for the two data sets, (a) Celgard® 2400 membrane and (b) titanium film, generated using Tukey’s range test. For clarity, only the lower triangular matrix values are

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• 10.3762/bjnano.16.78 Abstract Bone tissue, also known as bone, is a hard and specialized connective tissue consisting of various bone cells. Internally, it has a honeycomb-like matrix providing rigidity to the bone and a piezoelectric feature contributing to bone remodeling. Bone remodeling is a crucial

• nucleation of calcium and phosphate ions, imparting stiffness and resistance to bone. Additionally, collagen and noncollagenous matrix proteins contribute to bone formation by offering a scaffold for hydroxyapatite deposition [2][3]. Bone tissue consists of four main cell types: bone lining cells

• ]. Osteocytes, the longest-lived bone cells, arise from osteoblast differentiation and regulate bone maintenance [7]. Osteoblasts, found on bone surfaces, drive bone formation through two key steps: matrix deposition and mineralization. During matrix deposition, collagen and noncollagenous proteins are secreted

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• within the MOF microporous matrix, which serves as an oxygen reservoir linked to the polymer electrocatalytic material, enhances the overall ORR activity. This exemplary work demonstrated the potential for a new method of fabricating MOF-based electrocatalytic surfaces. Further enhancements in

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• morphology and properties of the polymer matrix by altering its structure, crystallinity, thermal stability, and mechanical behavior [9][10][11]. CNTs can be classified into two basic types, namely, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). SWCNTs exhibit slightly

• , 2, and 3 wt % of MWCNTs functionalized with carboxyl groups with PBS in a batch mixer resulted in a uniform distribution of agglomerated MWCNTs within the polymer matrix, an increase in the storage modulus, and enhanced electrical conductivity of PBS. Moreover, MWCNTs had a significant effect on the

• thermal properties of BioPBS (hereafter PBS). To improve the distribution of MWCNTs (hereafter CNTs) within the polymer matrix and precisely control the CNT content, a nanocomposite preparation method utilizing a polymer masterbatch was employed, involving double mixing stages in a twin-screw extruder

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• to mitochondria, which possess a double membrane, dividing the organelle into four compartments, namely, the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane (which is invaginated and forms the so-called cristae), and the matrix. In addition to hosting catabolic metabolic pathways and the

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• Rb+ FIBID-Pt in Pt% and C%, is an outlier compared to the FIBID under higher beam energies. The cause for the higher C% in Cs+ FIBID-Pt remains unclear to the authors at this stage, however. As with Rb+ and Ga+, Cs+ FIBID-Pt also contains crystalline Pt grains embedded in a C-rich matrix, as shown in

• processing software ImageJ [26]. The Pt grains appear darker than the C matrix in the TEM images, thus allowing the grains to be counted by ImageJ. This software also provides the area of each grain counted, which we convert to an effective diameter by equating the area to that of a circular disk. Figure 7

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• control material properties by inducing damage and introducing defects in the host matrix in a controlled manner [8]. It offers the advantage of controlling the amount of energy transferred to the host system by selecting the desired ion energy, mass, and fluence [9]. Different types of lattice vacancies

• fluence of implanted ions and displacements produced per atom (dpa) in the host matrix through implantation [28]. The value of dpa can be calculated via TRIM simulations using the following relation [14]: The above equation depicts the number of vacancies created per ion per angstrom, which can be

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• attraction. In the molecular dynamics simulations by Hasheminejad et al., the interfacial interaction energy between graphene oxide nanosheet and polylactide matrix is assigned to van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds [62]. The bonding network of GO-SG-ZH nanosheets in the coating is another reason for the

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• crystalline structure, and the presence of a nonmagnetic coating or matrix, as all this structural features have a strong impact on the magnetic properties of the nanoparticle system [40][42][44]. The analysis carried out confirms the presence of noninteracting magnetic nanoparticles in the FS0 sample and

• investigated compound, we assumed that the calcium alginate microcapsules are embedded in the additive matrix; however, it does not interact with the matrix. Therefore, the additives do not disturb in any way the microcapsule dissolution process, and the interaction between saline and microcapsules happens

• + ions and magnetite with mixed Fe2+ and Fe3+ valency creates a polysaccharide-stabilized colloid with polysaccharide chains, preventing the aggregation of colloidal species and keeping the nanoparticles within the hydrogel matrix [80][81][82][83][84][85][86]. Raman studies provided information

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• and efficacy [1]. It is becoming increasingly clear that the biological fate and overall performance of nanoparticles are influenced by their interaction with the bioenvironment. As a nanoparticle interacts with a biological matrix upon administration, a layer of biomolecules, primarily composed of

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• spectrum, the sample matrix, and the radiation intensity. Activated carbon is a conventional approach [10][11], however, a major drawback of activated carbon is its incomplete recovery after adsorption. Because adsorption primarily relies on physical interactions such as hydrogen bonding interactions

• characteristics and morphology of the synthesized adsorbent. Additionally, the study examines the adsorption mechanism of TC on the material’s surface and evaluates the effects of pH value, adsorbent dosage, and matrix composition. As a biodegradable and easily recoverable material derived from natural cellulose

• the TC structure undergo protonation before ionic bonding with Ca2+ in the PGC matrix. Among the four ionizable functional groups in TC, the primary site remains predominantly protonated (86%) at pH 6.8 [26][28][29]. However, Ca2+ coordination at this site is expected to shift the ionization

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• . The properties of nanofibers such as their high specific surface area, large surface-to-volume ratio, large length-to-diameter ratio, porous membrane structure, and their ability to mimic the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) of natural tissues make them a suitable material for wound dressing and skin

• endothelial cells are heavily activated during the proliferation stage, which helps in matrix deposition, wound closure, and angiogenesis. In wound healing, the formation of granulation tissue occurs, which is composed of cellular and fibril matrix [42]. Fibroblasts synthesize the fibrillar components

• , myofibroblasts help in wound contraction, and endothelial cells are involved in neo-angiogenesis. The re-epithelization process involves proliferation and migration towards the wound area and fills the wound with granulation tissues. In this matrix, keratinocytes live, move, and proliferate to close the wound

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• electrochemical detection of AβOs via a nanobiosensor consisting of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) embedded in a conductive polymeric matrix. For this, the surface of the AuNPs was further modified with PrPc, which acted as the biorecognition element for the specific detection of AβOs in ex vivo real samples, viz

• smartphone camera, and up to 320 pg/mL with the naked eye [76]. Zhao and collaborators utilized AuNPs embedded in various matrices to construct three-dimensional layers for detecting AβOs. Among their innovations, PrPC/AuNPs embedded in a Ppy-3-COOH matrix (AuNPs-E-Ppy-3-COOH) exhibited superior sensitivity

• , Gln@CA-AuNP was found to enhance the production of sulfated glycosaminoglycans, bolster extracellular matrix generation, and confer neuroprotection against oligomeric protein aggregates [68]. These findings collectively underscore the potential of metal-based NPs in not only inhibiting Aβ

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• ][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], while others have focused on N1 protein [8][21], both H1 and N1 proteins [22], nucleoprotein [23][24][25], both H1 and nucleoprotein [26], nucleic acids [27][28][29], matrix protein [30], and serum amyloid A biomarker [31]. Biosensing technologies are constantly

• quantify H1 of influenza A H1N1 virus at clinically relevant concentrations with high accuracy and sensitivity in a complex matrix such as artificial saliva (Figure 1). The biosensing system can also be coupled to a microfluidics system without significant decrease in the electrochemical response. The

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• nanocrystalline material with a grain size of 2 nm. These results confirm that the FEBID material derived from [Pd(tbaoac)2] consists of metallic palladium nanograins embedded in a carbonaceous matrix. EDX measurements were conducted at the center of the deposit, marked as the red area in Figure 3a. The BSE range

• with other fragments on the surface to form a nonvolatile matrix, or (iii) become embedded by newly arriving molecules from the gas phase [30]. A key factor for rapid desorption is the neutral charge of the generated fragments, which reduces the desorption energy. This applies to the isobutene

• adsorption. Furthermore, surface reactions may be altered by the simultaneous presence of fragments of metalorganic and residual gas molecules. However, if there is plenty of carbonaceous matrix co-deposited by the metalorganic precursor molecules, one could hypothesize that the surface reactions of the

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• , the formation of percolating structures of adsorbate, and the formation of nanoholes inside the adsorbate matrix [33]. An increase in the adsorbate–adsorbate interaction strength leads to formation of elevated numbers of small adsorbate structures [33][37]. An increase in the rate of transference

• adsorbate matrix due to the percolating structure of the adsorbate. Summarizing, one can conclude that the effects of adsorbate–substrate interactions during nanostructured thin film growth at low-pressure deposition are profound and multifaceted. Understanding and controlling these interactions are

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• property allows PLG to be used primarily as a stabilising carrier or a controlled-release matrix for drug and ASO delivery [99]. Even though its negative charge often limits direct complexation with negatively charged ASOs, it can be used in conjugation strategies or in combination with other cationic

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• corresponds to the Zn 2p1/2 and the 1019.2 eV peak corresponds to Zn 2p3/2. The peak location was marginally changed toward lower binding energy values with the addition of Ag. The peak shift observed was a consequence of the increase in electron density in the host matrix which is caused by the doping of Ag

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• , respectively. The presence of carbon and oxygen peaks confirms the composition of the PEG–PCL polymer matrix, while the tin peak is attributable to the stannous octoate catalyst used during the synthesis of the nanoparticles. The absence of unexpected peaks in the XPS spectra indicates that no significant

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• , hydrogen bonding, disulfide bond formation, or physical entanglement of polymers within the mesh-like mucus structure [9][10]. Sodium alginate is a linear polysaccharide composed of 1,4-linked β-ᴅ-mannuronic acid and α-ʟ-guluronic acid residues. Alginate can be used to form porous matrix-type drug delivery

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• biocompatibility, biodegradability, and similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM) [101]. Electrospinning pure chitosan without any other precursor material, however, presents significant challenges due to its inherent properties. Chitosan has high viscosity and low solubility in most solvents, and it tends to

• nanofibrous matrix with a chitosan solution to create a biomimetic nanofibrous wound dressing. Electrospinning of chitosan/PVA blend nanofibers has been successfully reported by many researchers. In these studies, two of the most common solvents used to dissolve chitosan and PVA are water and acetic acid [82

• -effective as no vacuum pump is required in the process [148]. Incorporation of nanofiller into the nanofiber matrix, such as in the halloysite nanotube-reinforced chitosan/PVA nanofibers prepared by Koosha et al. [163], can also improve mechanical properties. Rosli et al. [164] functionalized an ionic

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• surrounding, high levels and different mechanisms of drug resistance and radiation tolerance, as well as a blocking effect of the blood–brain–tumor barrier (BBTB) for drug permeation into the brain extracellular matrix lead to high recurrence rates (in up to 90% of patients) even when complete treatment is

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• incubation process consisting of three sets, each lasting 24 h. For strain identification, DNA extraction was performed using Instagene™ Matrix, followed by sample amplification using 16S rRNA primers (5′-AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG-3′) and (5′-GGA TAC CTT GTT ACG ACT T-3′), with a fragment length of 1500