Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• bond SRA with BA and to form closed polymer particles. The size and dispersity of the particles depend on the volume of styrene used. Styrene and water in the ratio 1:40 (2.5 vol %) yields to the most monodisperse and uniform particles with a hydrodynamic diameter of about 200 nm and a polydispersity

Preparation and morphology-dependent wettability of porous alumina membranes

• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Daria I. Tishkevich,
• Alex V. Trukhanov,
• Maxim V. Zdorovets and
• Artem L. Kozlovskiy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1423–1436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.135

• -monodisperse cylindrical pores [23][24]. Membranes obtained by traditional methods have a three-dimensional pore structure that has a large pore size distribution, which does not allow high permeability values to be obtained [9][25][26]. Therefore, the optimization of parameters such as the diameter and length

Colorimetric detection of Cu²⁺ based on the formation of peptide–copper complexes on silver nanoparticle surfaces

• Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake,
• Surendra Krishna Shinde,
• Rijuta Ganesh Saratale,
• Avinash Ashok Kadam,
• Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale,
• Asad Syed,
• Fuad Ameen and
• Dae-Young Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1414–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.134

• monodisperse in nature with a narrow size distribution, as expected from the narrow absorbance peak centered at 410 nm. The UV–vis spectroscopic data were collected before and after centrifugation (10000 rpm for 12 min) to observe how the SPR peak width and shift changed with the removal of unbound/unreacted

Heterostuctures of 4-(chloromethyl)phenyltrichlorosilane and 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine prepared on Si(111) using particle lithography: Nanoscale characterization of the main steps of nanopatterning

• Phillip C. Chambers and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1211–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.112

• drying, 10 µL of monodisperse silica microspheres in water was deposited on the clean silicon substrates and dried in air to produce a surface film of Si spheres. The substrate and dried microspheres were placed in an oven at 150 °C for 20 h. The annealing heating step was used to temporarily solder the

• ]. Steps for preparing nanopatterned CMPS-porphyrin heterostructures. (a) Monodisperse silica spheres were deposited on Si(111) to form a surface mask for particle lithography. (b) After immersion in OTS solution, the microspheres were rinsed away to reveal nanoholes of OTS. (c) With a second immersion

Material discrimination and mixture ratio estimation in nanocomposites via harmonic atomic force microscopy

• Weijie Zhang,
• Yuhang Chen,
• Xicheng Xia and
• Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2771–2780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.276

• should also be easily distinguishable from the topography, which is suitable for the verification of the capability of harmonic AFM in discriminating materials. The third kind of sample is a mixture of monodisperse PS NPs and SiO2 with the same diameter of about 100 nm. The mixture ratios (SiO2/PS) were

PTFE-based microreactor system for the continuous synthesis of full-visible-spectrum emitting cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

• Chengxi Zhang,
• Weiling Luan,
• Yuhang Yin and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2521–2529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.252

• , there is no report on the continuous synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals via microreactor systems, even though these systems have been successfully used to synthesize CdSe [25], CdSe/ZnS [26], CdSexTe1−x [27], and CdS [28] QDs, as well as monodisperse Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles [29]. In this work, we

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• the reduction of silver nitrate with hydroxylamine hydrochloride [50][51]. In both cases, relatively monodisperse spherical or quasi-spherical metal NPs with a mean particle diameter of around 100 nm were obtained (Table 1, Figure 1 and Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1). Initially, we also

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• , the direct fabrication of discrete carbon nanospheres can be achieved. Although carbon nanospheres and microspheres have been fabricated by various methods, reports on the fabrication of monodisperse carbon nanospheres with a diameter less than 100 nm are still very few [21][27][37][38]. Also

Self-assembly of chiral fluorescent nanoparticles based on water-soluble L-tryptophan derivatives of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene

• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Irina A. Khripunova,
• Olga A. Mostovaya,
• Timur A. Mukhametzyanov,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Vyacheslav V. Vorobev,
• Yuri N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1825–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.184

• ]. This is probably due to the changing form of the self-associates with the concentration of macrocycles. For the macrocycles 8–11, the most stable monodisperse systems are formed at the concentration of 1 × 10−4 М (Table 1, Supporting Information File 1, Figures S17–S20). It was shown that with time

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• Institute of Chemistry, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, Vilnius, LT-10222, Lithuania 10.3762/bjnano.8.183 Abstract Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are promising, new imaging probes capable of serving as multimodal contrast agents. In this study, monodisperse and

• . Our results showed that Tween 80-coated UCNPs exhibited low cytotoxicity even at a high-dose concentration. Results and Discussion The SEM images of the NaGdF4:Yb,Er core and NaGdF4:Yb,Er@NaGdF4 core–shell nanoparticles are shown in Figure 1. Core nanoparticles are monodisperse, and have a spherical

• In summary we have successfully synthesized ultrasmall, monodisperse, hexagonal phase core NaGdF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles and polydisperse, core–shell NaGdF4:Yb,Er@NaGdF4 nanoparticles. Oleate-capped core NaGdF4:Yb,Er nanoparticles and core–shell NaGdF4:Yb,Er@NaGdF4 nanoparticles were successfully

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• optimized for selection of organic solvent, ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase and surfactant concentration to obtain monodisperse particles with a diameter range around 80 to 125 nm. Intended as chemotherapeutic nanocarriers, various PCX-loaded amphiphilic CD nanoparticles were also evaluated for

• nanoparticles, and acetone > methanol > ethanol for PC βCDC6 nanoparticles. It is worth noting that ethanol also gave the most monodisperse particles with an acceptable polydispersity index (<0.2) (Table 1). As expected, the core–shell nanoparticles CS-6OCaproβCD had the largest size due to the chitosan coating

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• obtain smaller, monodisperse nanoparticles with favorable stability. Three different preparation techniques, emulsion/solvent evaporation, double emulsion and nanoprecipitation, were used to prepare PCL or mePEG-PCL nanoparticles. As seen in Table 1, the mean diameter of PCL nanoparticles was found to be

Synthesis of [Fe(L_eq)(L_ax)]_n coordination polymer nanoparticles using blockcopolymer micelles

• Christoph Göbel,
• Ottokar Klimm,
• Florian Puchtler,
• Sabine Rosenfeldt,
• Stephan Förster and
• Birgit Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1318–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.133

• networks are of great interest in current research because of their various applications as sensors, data-storage devices, catalysts or contrast agents [1][2][3][4][5]. For these applications the formation of stable, uniform and monodisperse particles with defined properties is necessary. Synthetic

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• agglomeration and stability) and the fluorescence properties of the obtained particles were compared to particles from commonly known synthesis methods. As a result, the spectroscopic characteristics of the presented monodisperse dye-doped silica nanoparticles were similar to those of the free uncoupled dyes

• synthesis of monodisperse silica nanoparticles in the size range of 15 to 80 nm and their modification with fluorescent NIR dyes to enable stimulated emission depletion (STED) and confocal imaging. For this purpose, we adopted a literature-known synthesis of silica nanoparticles using an L-arginine

• increased the hydrophilic character of the dye avoiding agglomeration and gel formation during the synthesis. By using the Atto647N–cysteic acid–APTES conjugate (Atto647N-CS-APTES) and a precise adjustment of the reaction parameters, monodisperse silica nanoparticles with a mean particle diameter of 15 nm

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• developing new methods. The preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles is a complex process. The main challenges are finding the optimal experimental conditions in order to obtain monodisperse nanoparticles, ensuring reproducibility and scalability of the process, while limiting complex purification steps [5

• , Figure S5b) were assigned to magnetite (JCPDS 190629). Thus, the possibility to obtain magnetite nanoparticles from a mixed-valence iron acetate cluster has been demonstrated. In this procedure, small monodisperse nanoparticles were separated from polydisperse ones by a simple filtration. Preparation

• , spherical, hedgehog-like) by changing the type and amount of surfactants, reaction temperature and time. By thermal decomposition followed by simple filtration, monodisperse nanoparticles were obtained and separated from polydisperse nanoparticles. Starting from the similar reaction mixture as in the

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• µm. The low-density foams consist of nearly monodisperse small spheres with diameters between 2 and 3 µm. These micropearls have a narrow size distribution. The sample morphology is quite uniform over large areas. Occasionally, the micropearls are grown together forming larger units. However, in most

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• observed in Figure 2A(a). These NPs were essentially monodisperse and partially aggregated because of their magnetic nature. Figure 2A(b) shows the gold NPs with a mean diameter of 12 nm and spherical morphology. TEM results of the magnetic TMC@Fe3O4 NPs demonstrated their homogenous structure with a mean

Functionalized platinum nanoparticles with surface charge trigged by pH: synthesis, characterization and stability studies

• Giovanna Testa,
• Laura Fontana,
• Iole Venditti and
• Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1822–1828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.175

• rise to monodisperse nanoparticles [20][21]. PtNPs are generally obtained from reduction of Pt(II) or Pt(IV) ions, starting from [PtCl4]2− or [PtCl6]2− precursors, in the presence of a strong reducing agent, to obtain the chemical reduction to Pt(0) atoms that starts the nucleation process. If a ligand

• , monodisperse nanoparticles with diameters in the range of 3–40 nm were isolated. The amino functionality allows acid–base equilibria [31], and with this system, it is possible to obtain neutral particles in basic water solution and positive charged nanoparticles in acidic water solution. Results and Discussion

• predominant in the acidic–base equilibrium and aggregation occurs. Conclusion In this work stable, monodisperse PtNPs with small diameter have been obtained. Among the various Pt/DEA molar ratios, the 1:0.25 sample was studied in detail. The FTIR and far IR measurements confirmed the formation of the Pt–S

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• narrow size distribution hold promise for many applications in different areas ranging from biomedicine to electronics and energy storage. Herein, the microwave-assisted sol–gel synthesis and thorough characterization of size-monodisperse zinc ferrite nanoparticles of spherical shape is reported. X-ray

• general formula MFe2O4 constitute a well-known class of materials with unique physical and chemical properties and they hold promise for use in various fields of nanotechnology [1][2]. One of those properties is magnetism. In recent years, it has been shown that particularly size-monodisperse

• diameter MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Mn, Ni) nanoparticles has been achieved by microwave-assisted nonaqueous sol–gel synthesis using benzyl alcohol as a high-boiling solvent [22][23]. Inspired by this work, we show here that high-quality and size-monodisperse zinc ferrite (referred to as ZFO in the following

Straightforward and robust synthesis of monodisperse surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters

• Silvia Varela-Aramburu,
• Richard Wirth,
• Chian-Hui Lai,
• Guillermo Orts-Gil and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1278–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.118

• discovered by serendipity. The resultant monodisperse gold nanoclusters are more stable than those generated using some other common methods. The carboxylic acid contained in the stabilizing agent on the cluster surface serves as anchor for nanocluster functionalization. Alternatively, the addition of thiols

• prepared under reflux using 1-thioglucose as reducing and stabilizing agent [24] but the resulting nanoparticles are too unstable to be used as biosensors [25]. In an effort to create monodisperse, stable and surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters, we explored 1-thioglucose as a stabilizing and reducing

• agent. By serendipity we discovered a novel one-pot method to prepare gold nanoclusters using 1-thioglucose at room temperature. This simple and robust synthesis produces stable, and monodisperse nanoclusters. Oxidation of the carbohydrate results in carboxylic acid as determined by X-ray photoelectron

Tunable longitudinal modes in extended silver nanoparticle assemblies

• Serene S. Bayram,
• Klas Lindfors and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1219–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.113

• , unlike AgNP–cysteamine, higher ligand ratios are needed to initiate assembly. This is consistent with the spectral evolution depicted in Figure 1. 20 µm long assemblies were noticed for r = 3250 (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4). For all samples, TEM shows a fairly monodisperse nanoparticle size

Development of highly faceted reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles on a copper foil surface

• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• Yasuhiro Matsumoto,
• Andrés M. Espinoza-Rivas,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán and
• Mauricio Ortega-López

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1010–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.93

• arrows in Figure 4a. The FE-SEM images (Figure 4b,c) display the striking morphology of the sample prepared at 1000 °C. It consists of highly faceted core–shell Cu-rGO nanostructures and small, nearly monodisperse 3 nm in size, rGO-CuNPs, all of them decorating the rGO sheets. Some holes in the rGO

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• rather homogeneous distribution of monodisperse NPs has been achieved by electron irradiation and subsequent washing of well-organized silver(I) dodecanethiolate layers [19]. Also, self-assembled layers can be prepared by simple wet-chemical dipping processes [21][22] or high-throughput spray

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

• with hexagonal or lozenge-like particles differing in size is available. Even for particles of a uniform and simple shape like disks or squares, their maximum packing density is affected by their size distribution. For monodisperse disks in a hexagonal two-dimensional arrangement, a maximum packing

• density of 90.7% can be achieved [12]. For a square packing of monodisperse disks, the packing density is reduced to 79% [13]. For disks having a variation in size similar to the dispersion of CPE45 nanocrystals, no long range order can be achieved and a maximum packing density of about 84% is expected

• the order or the packing density of the nanocrystal film, which we attribute to random jamming of nanocrystals. We note that the area coverage of the CPE45 nanocrystal films was close to 82.6%, which is the area coverage where jamming of a monolayer of monodisperse, frictionless disks is expected [17

Magnetic switching of nanoscale antidot lattices

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Joachim Gräfe,
• Kristof M. Lebecki,
• Maxim Skripnik,
• Felix Haering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Eberhard Goering and
• Ulrich Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 733–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.65

• , nanosphere lithography offers the preparation of a self-assembled monolayer on the time scale of minutes even on a centimetre length scale. In this work, polystyrene(PS)-based nanosphere lithography was chosen, since monodisperse PS nanosphere suspensions are nowadays commercially available with a wide range

• self-assembly of monodisperse PS spheres on the chosen substrate; (b) the homogeneous reduction of the PS sphere diameter by setting the plasma etching time while maintaining their initial positions on the substrate. Then, the nanoscale masks are ready for the deposition of a magnetic film and a