Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• simulations, we propose that these voids may correspond to free volumes inside a cross-linked monolayer. Keywords: carbon nanomembranes; electron-induced cross-linking; scanning tunneling microscopy; self-assembled monolayers; subnanometer pores; Introduction Electron-induced chemistry plays an essential

• incommensurability between the monolayer and the Au surface. The stripe direction (line C) and the pair stacking direction (line D) are two different symmetry directions. The height profiles of lines A–D in Figure 2b were shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1. The unit cell is described in matrix

• the pristine monolayer. Features similar to dark spots with a diameter of ≈10 Å were observed by Kondoh et al. on the methylthiolate/Au(111) surface after electron irradiation at 4 keV and assigned as sulfur species after cleavage of S–C bonds at the interface [69]. In our case, a higher magnification

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• structure. The bridge monolayer graphene electrode is 20 µm long and 3 µm wide, the electrode gap is 500 nm, and the pull-in voltage is less than 5 V. As the electrode material was polycrystalline graphene, fracture of the GR electrode was observed after 4–5 life cycles, resulting in device failure. In 2018

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• were sputter coated with gold for 40 s using an SPI-Module Carbon/Sputter Coater, which is optimized for monolayer deposition. Typical fields of view (FOV) were 5 μm and pixel sizes were in the range of 2 nm. Collected images were semi-randomized; a random FOV was selected approximately near the center

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• ). This value is in line with data reported previously by us and described in literature for the switching ratio of Ru(TP)2-based monolayer devices [11][13][15]. Possible origins of this conductance switching in the Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP devices should be discussed. We can completely rule out a bolometric

Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

• Hiroya Tanaka,
• Shinya Ohno,
• Kazushi Miki and
• Masatoshi Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12

• Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.13.12 Abstract Thermal oxidation of Si(113) in a monolayer regime was investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Dynamic processes during thermal oxidation were examined in three

• -flow etching of the monolayer depth occurs just beside the remaining island, as shown by the solid arrow. The island remains at the step edge, as shown in the circle (d). A magnified image of the island in (d) is shown in Figure 4a. The line profile along the cross section A–B is shown in Figure 4b

Theoretical understanding of electronic and mechanical properties of 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenide crystals

• Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi,
• Sadegh Imani Yengejeh,
• Vei Wang,
• William Wen and
• Yun Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 160–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.11

• . Eint was calculated using the following equation: where Ebulk and Emono are the energies of the bulk and monolayer of TMDs, respectively. N is the number of the layers in each unit cell. To understand the bonding strength between TM and X atoms as well as its impact on the cohesive energy of the TMDs

• TMX2 units in each unit cell. All the TM-X bond lengths are identical due to the high symmetry of 2H TMDs. The calculated lattice constants, monolayer thickness, and TM–X bond length of all systems in 1T′ and 2H polytypes are listed in Table 1. The optimized lattice constants and atomic coordinates are

• provided in Supporting Information File 1. The monolayer thickness is defined as the maximum height difference between the X anions in each layer. It reveals that diselenides have larger lattice constants, bond length, and average layer thickness. In comparison, the impact of the TM cation on the

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• membrane from PEO and CS with immobilized carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and Fe3O4 for the efficient removal of mercury ions from water [61]. The synergistic effect of nanofibrous polymer material and inorganic nanoparticles resulted in a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 148 mg/g. The Hg2+ sorption

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• of a monolayer of spherical particles placed on a substrate. 3D structures, which appear in the form of a crystalline colloidal array (CCA), are called opal structures (spherical particles close-packed in an ordered structure). If the structure has been placed in a matrix and the particles have been

Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears

• Huang-Hsiang Lin,
• Jonathan Heinze,
• Alexander Croy,
• Rafael Gutiérrez and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3

• (green) and benzene/phenantrene (red/yellow). This is because, unlike benzene and phenantrene, hexadecene has sp3 hybridization, which results in a larger monolayer thickness. These important findings imply that lubricants at the nanoscale can be used to synchronize both gears and make the collective

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• nanostructures. In contrast to the earlier studies [13][15] we consider the case of low precursor surface coverage (below one monolayer), in which surface diffusion plays an important role in the formation of deposits. In particular, we focus on the atomistic characterization of the initial stage of the FEBID

• chamber. Depending on the experimental conditions (temperature, precursor gas pressure, geometry, and position of the gas inlet), precursor molecules adsorb on the substrate surface and form a thin (from sub-monolayer to several monolayer thickness) film. An explicit evaluation of adsorption and

• moving in space. In this study a sub-monolayer of Pt(PF3)4 with the size of 20 nm × 20 nm is optimized, adsorbed on a SiO2-H substrate and thermalized at 300 K for 0.1 ns using the Langevin thermostat with a damping time of 0.2 ps. The constructed layer consists of approximately 370 molecules that

Molecular assemblies on surfaces: towards physical and electronic decoupling of organic molecules

• Sabine Maier and
• Meike Stöhr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 950–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.71

• otherwise only achieved for multilayers on the bare Ni. On hBN/Cu(111), Zimmermann et al. [87] could visualize the molecular orbitals of pyrene derivatives by STM at the submolecular level, while Brülke et al. [88] measured the fluorescence of monolayer perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), which is

Effects of temperature and repeat layer spacing on mechanical properties of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated composites under shear loading

• Chia-Wei Huang,
• Man-Ping Chang and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 863–877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.65

• [001] along the x-, y-, and z-directions, respectively. According to a previous report, the C–C bond length in the graphene monolayer was set to 0.143 nm [34], as shown in Figure 2. The simulations were carried out using the large-scale atomic/molecular mass parallel simulator (LAMMPS), with a time

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension

• Khosro Adibkia,
• Ali Ehsani,
• Asma Jodaei,
• Ezzatollah Fathi,
• Raheleh Farahzadi and
• Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 786–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.62

• environment with 5% CO2 to grow the cells in a monolayer. The medium was refreshed every three days in each of the experiments. Treatment of BM-MSCs with Ag-NPs Polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated Ag-NPs were purchased from Iranian nanomaterials pioneers (Mashhad City, Khorasan, Iran). The hydrodynamic diameter of

Prediction of Co and Ru nanocluster morphology on 2D MoS₂ from interaction energies

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 704–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.56

• interaction between metals and the MoS2 monolayer is of great importance when selecting systems for specific applications. In previous studies the focus has been largely on the strength of the interaction between a single atom or a nanoparticle of a range of metals, which has created a significant knowledge

• gap in understanding thin film nucleation on 2D materials. In this paper, we present a density functional theory (DFT) study of the adsorption of small Co and Ru structures, with up to four atoms, on a monolayer of MoS2. We explore how the metal–substrate and metal–metal interactions contribute to the

• insights, there is a knowledge gap in the understanding of metal thin film nucleation on 2D materials [28]. We showed that we can investigate the first stages of thin film nucleation on 2D materials with first principles simulations, using the example of small Cun structures on an MoS2 monolayer (ML). MoS2

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• also be used to tune the local conductivity. A further study demonstrating the importance of factors other than the total dose investigated the effect of the size of the irradiated area [22]. Regions of monolayer graphene (again, supported) were irradiated using pattern shapes of different sizes

• nanoscale regions. Several other studies of selective helium ion-induced conductivity changes in graphene have also been conducted [23] and a theoretical treatment of defect-induced conductivity changes upon helium ion irradiation of free-standing compared to supported monolayer graphene can be found in [24

• formation of extended metallic edge states in the defective lattice was proposed for the pseudometallic regime [26]. Line irradiation with helium ions bisecting a monolayer MoS2 flake has been shown to create a defective channel that can be used to fabricate a 2D memristive device [27]. And in a subsequent

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• decrease in all sections of the CVs (Figure 4). The calculation based on the amount of energy consumed for the electrochemical adsorption and desorption of an atomic hydrogen monolayer showed that an increase in the Pt loading in the obtained samples (from 20.4 to 39 wt %) leads to a decrease in the ESA

Properties of graphene deposited on GaN nanowires: influence of nanowire roughness, self-induced nanogating and defects

• Jakub Kierdaszuk,
• Piotr Kaźmierczak,
• Justyna Grzonka,
• Aleksandra Krajewska,
• Aleksandra Przewłoka,
• Wawrzyniec Kaszub,
• Zbigniew R. Zytkiewicz,
• Marta Sobanska,
• Maria Kamińska,
• Andrzej Wysmołek and
• Aneta Drabińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 566–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.47

• a separate analysis of graphene strain, carrier concentration, and defects. The presented analysis is also important in the tracing of the interdependencies of the parameters which characterize graphene properties. Experimental Monolayer graphene was grown by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on a

• carrier mobility in N0 and N100 samples (Figure 3b, Figure 3f). The intensity ratio of 2D and G graphene bands in monolayer graphene has been reported to be negatively correlated with carrier concentration [15]. A higher Fermi energy increases the probability of scattering on free carriers, which adds to

Local stiffness and work function variations of hexagonal boron nitride on Cu(111)

• Abhishek Grewal,
• Yuqi Wang,
• Matthias Münks,
• Klaus Kern and
• Markus Ternes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 559–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.46

• buckling perpendicular to the surface. Interestingly, this is in contrast to measurements by Schwarz et al. who used a more local analysis of the corrugation by exploiting nc-AFM concluding an absolute height difference of 0.3–0.7 Å between “rim” and “valley” sites of the spatially corrugated monolayer [26

• modulation [30]. To shed more light on this controversy we use an alternative method to verify the mechanical properties of the monolayer by measuring the stiffness of the h-BN layer at different locations of the superstructure and comparing these results with concomitantly recorded local work function

• variations. We determine the stiffness of the system by mapping and comparing the short-range interaction forces between the monolayer and the probing metallic tip [31]. This technique enables us to detect the sheet stiffness with unprecedented spatial resolution [23]. On h-BN/Rh(111), a different system

Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• different surfaces and compare, for sub-monolayer coverages, the influence of the deposition method on the formation of molecular assemblies. Whereas the island location is the main difference for metal surfaces, we observe for alkali halide and metal oxide substrates that the high-vacuum electrospray

• the first molecules studied in HV-ESD experiments [5][30]. Here, we present a comparison between TE and HV-ESD regarding the adsorption and structure formation of C60 molecules on surfaces at low coverages, that is, below one monolayer down to single molecules. We used a non-contact atomic force

• us to discuss the influence of the HV-ESD method for the different surfaces. Results and Discussion C60 on Au(111) The deposition of C60 molecules on a Au(111) surface at room temperature via TE is known to lead to the formation of monolayer islands until the surface is fully covered [21][25][28]. A

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• glass capillaries or on scanning force microscopy tips) in a very economic and fast (less than five minutes) coating process. The formed substrates, which are coated with a monolayer of silver nanoparticles, have been demonstrated to be highly reproducible and to perform very well in the detection of

• additives to fabricate uniform Ag nanoparticles. These include basic aminoacids (such as ʟ-lysine or ʟ-arginine) and soluble starch or other additives, which act as reducing and protecting agents, respectively [22]. In our approach, the monolayer of silver nanoparticles is formed by the reduction of silver

• coated with a self-assembled monolayer of 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP), which serves as a defined molecular probe layer to determine the SERS activity of the substrates. Results and Discussion For the performed stability tests, SERS substrates were fabricated by microwave-assisted synthesis in a batch

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• contrast, solvothermally synthesized nanoceria was coated with, on average, a monolayer of citrate, intentionally applied to inhibit agglomeration [35]. It is assumed that the citrate coating was dissolved as surface cerium ions were solubilized. The reduction in absolute zeta potential of the partially

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• enhanced by the mobility decrease in the nearest vicinity of the metal nanoparticle and by the increase of the rotational relaxation time and residence time of water molecules surrounding the ion wall in a charged monolayer-protected Au nanoparticle [39]. Assuming that the observed Raman enhancement is