Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• of the template by chemical conjugation of peptides [16], poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [22], aniline [25][26], or succinamate [27] has been reported. Virus-based templates have gained especially important roles in the synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid nanostructures. They combine several

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Protein corona – from molecular adsorption to physiological complexity

• Lennart Treuel,
• Dominic Docter,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 857–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.88

• studies focused on polymeric materials of synthetic [134][135] or natural origin [132][136][137][138][139][140][141]. An interesting result of these studies was that poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coatings reportedly increased the blood circulation time of intravenously administered NPs [142]. This finding

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• (TMAH). Finally, bioconjugation on silica surface of the magnetic NPs and quantum dots was accomplished by using oleyl-O-poly(ethylene glycol)succinyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl ester. The characterization of these NPs was done by using UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, HRTEM, STEM and SQUID studies. The

Tailoring the ligand shell for the control of cellular uptake and optical properties of nanocrystals

• Johannes Ostermann,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Christopher Wolter,
• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Hauke Kloust and
• Horst Weller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 232–242, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.22

• application are addressed. It is shown how to overcome the different issues by the use of a polymeric encapsulation system, based on an amphiphilic polyisoprene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) diblock copolymer. On the basis of this simple molecule, the development of a versatile and powerful phase transfer

• application and show how the cellular response can be tuned by tailoring the molecular properties of the polymer ligands. A typical hydrophilic polymer ligand which is used for the coating of nanoparticles [13][14] and in the drug application [15] is poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). PEG has already proven to be

• Ligand synthesis The synthesis of amphiphilic polyisoprene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PI-b-PEG) was realized via anionic polymerization, using standard high vacuum reaction techniques [10][20]. Isoprene was polymerized in dry THF by the quick addition of sec-butyllithium at −40 °C. After completion of

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• luminescence properties and good dispersibility in organic solvents [7]. The BNNTs were also coated with PEGylated phospholipid 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(poly(ethylene glycol))] conjugates (mPEG–DSPE)] [17]. This polymer was selected due to its water solubility and

• reduced proliferation at hours 48 and 72. Similar to the results reported by Ciofani et al., the GC–BNNTs were nontoxic at low concentrations [71]. The toxicity of glucosamine (GA)-, poly(ethylene glycol)1000 (PEG1000)- and chitosan (CH)-coated BNNTs using MRC-5 cells was studied [78]. The study found

Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• relatively cytotoxic cationic surfactant [11] present on the particle surface after synthesis. These CTAB molecules can be replaced by the inert polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which is known to be biocompatible [23]. To investigate the influence of reactive groups, we use PEG chains exhibiting either

• ] used for particle synthesis. These CTAB molecules can be replaced by the inert polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) known for its biocompatibility [23]. Using PEG chains exhibiting either amine (NH2–PEG) or carboxy groups (COOH–PEG), the influence of exposed reactive groups was investigated. A strong

• functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) thiols (X–PEG–SH, where X = COOH, NH2, CH3O; MW = 5000 Da) were grafted onto the gold surface [36] in the same manner as [20]. For this purpose, we incubated the nanoparticle pellet overnight with 100 µL of an aqueous 2 mM mixture of 75% NH2–PEG–SH and 25% CH3O–PEG–SH (NH2

Modification of a single-molecule AFM probe with highly defined surface functionality

• Fei Long,
• Bin Cao,
• Ashok Khanal,
• Shiyue Fang and
• Reza Shahbazian-Yassar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2122–2128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.221

• a monolayer of amino-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was prepared. PEG was used to reduce the background adhesion force, and as a spacer to better discriminate between specific and non-specific interactions in the force curves [20]. The functionalized probes after ‘click’ modification were

• : In order to verify the result of the modification, the probe was ramped over a glass slide with a monolayer of amino-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in isopropanol. The amino groups should form hydrogen bonds with the carboxylic acid group on the probe in the contacting period during ramping

Data-adaptive image-denoising for detecting and quantifying nanoparticle entry in mucosal tissues through intravital 2-photon microscopy

• Torsten Bölke,
• Lisa Krapf,
• Regina Orzekowsky-Schroeder,
• Tobias Vossmeyer,
• Jelena Dimitrijevic,
• Horst Weller,
• Anna Schüth,
• Antje Klinger,
• Gereon Hüttmann and
• Andreas Gebert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2016–2025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.210

• by encapsulation within amphiphilic shells of crosslinked poly(isoprene)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PI-b-PEG), following a procedure described in detail previously [25][26][27]. The outer PEG-blocks were exo-functionalized with carboxy groups. After phase transfer, the PI-b-PEG-encapsulated QDs had

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• and subsequent oxidation by reflux heating in 3 N HNO3. The first reaction utilizing oxidized CNOs was the functionalization with a diamine-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG1500N), realized by heating the CNOs in the PEG for 19 days (Scheme 3B). The second reaction was the functionalization of

• (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) [47]. In a very recent study, they reported the non-covalent functionalization of CNOs with poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) (PVPS) and poly(ethylene glycol)/Polysorbate 20 (PEG/P20) [48]. The PVPS polymers were then further functionalized with thiols. Both CNO-containing polymers

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• (–COOH) terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, molecular weight ca. 2 kDa) was reacted through a coupling reaction mediated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) in methanol (PEG@POS-NH2). Finally, the combination of both modification steps was achieved, which yields sterically

• under physiological salinity. The presence of proteins inhibited the macroscopic precipitation, however, larger agglomerates still formed. The addition of a poly(ethylene glycol) coating onto the siloxane NPs yielded sufficient stability at higher ionic strengths. In presence of serum proteins, only

Influence of surface-modified maghemite nanoparticles on in vitro survival of human stem cells

• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Lyubov L. Lukash,
• Tetiana A. Ruban,
• Yurii N. Kolomiets,
• Svitlana P. Shpylova and
• Oksana A. Grypych

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1732–1737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.183

• ., dextran [18][19] (in Feridex® and Endorem® developed as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, MRI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [1], poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAAm) [20], poly(L-lysine) [21][22], protamine sulfate [23], or layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte complexes [24]. The aim of this

Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes

• Antonello Di Crescenzo,
• Valeria Ettorre and
• Antonella Fontana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1675–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.178

• aggregation of nanotubes controlled by simple irradiating the sample under UV–visible light. Chen et al. pointed out that the UV photoirradiation of well-dispersed SWCNTs coated with a poly(ethylene glycol)-terminated malachite green derivative is responsible for the CNTs reaggregation [97]. Indeed, UV light

• structures of poly(ethylene glycol), PEG44, and poly(ethylene glycol-bl-propylene sulfide), PEG44−PPS20, adsorbed on SWCNT as obtained by essential dynamics analysis. The presence of PPS (see structures on the right) enables the block copolymer chain to fully wrap the CNT thus minimizing nanotube−nanotube

PEGylated versus non-PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles as camptothecin delivery system

• Paula M. Castillo,
• Mario de la Mata,
• Maria F. Casula,
• José A. Sánchez-Alcázar and
• Ana P. Zaderenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1312–1319, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.144

• strategy depicted in Scheme 1. In a typical PEGylation procedure the surface of USM nanoparticles was first coated with succinic acid, in order to allow for the subsequent covalent linkage of bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) through carbodiimide chemistry. It is known that the use of

Controlling mechanical properties of bio-inspired hydrogels by modulating nano-scale, inter-polymeric junctions

• Seonki Hong,
• Hyukjin Lee and
• Haeshin Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 887–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.101

• properties of bulk hydrogels. Keywords: catechols; hydrogels; poly(ethylene glycol)s; quinone tanning; Introduction Water-resistant adhesives secreted by marine mussels, stiff cuticles synthesized by insects, and sharp beaks found in squids appear to be drastically different biomaterials (Figure 1a–c) [1

• -immobilization [15], facilitating cell adhesion [16], attenuating in vivo toxicity [17], initiating bio-mineralization [18], graphene nano-composites [19], and bio-inspired adhesives [20][21]. In addition to the interface science and engineering, methods to prepare bulk materials such as poly(ethylene glycol

In vitro toxicity and bioimaging studies of gold nanorods formulations coated with biofunctional thiol-PEG molecules and Pluronic block copolymers

• Tianxun Gong,
• Douglas Goh,
• Malini Olivo and
• Ken-Tye Yong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 546–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.64

• functional thiol-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-SH) molecules and Pluronic block copolymers (PEO–PPO–PEO) (see chemical formula of PEG-SH and Pluronic (PEO–PPO–PEO) in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1) are commonly used to prepare non-ionic polymer encapsulated AuNRs with a stealth property for in vivo

Colloidal lithography for fabricating patterned polymer-brush microstructures

• Tao Chen,
• Debby P. Chang,
• Rainer Jordan and
• Stefan Zauscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 397–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.46

• a large amount of thiol. Such an approach was first reported by Taylor and co-workers [10], who described a simple CL technique to fabricate substrates with hexagonally patterned dots of protein surrounded by a protein-repellant layer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). In that work, a self-assembled

Forming nanoparticles of water-soluble ionic molecules and embedding them into polymer and glass substrates

• Stella Kiel,
• Olga Grinberg,
• Nina Perkas,
• Jerome Charmet,
• Herbert Kepner and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 267–276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.30

• , exploiting the difference in wettability between the regions of the patterned polymeric substrate [3]. Suh et al. [3] fabricated single nanocrystal arrays of various sizes on sub-microwells of poly (ethylene glycol) copolymer, using selective wetting of the hydrophilic regions of the exposed substrate

Template-assisted formation of microsized nanocrystalline CeO₂ tubes and their catalytic performance in the carboxylation of methanol

• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Meike Naumann,
• Christian Schäfer,
• Armin Brandner,
• Heiko J. Hofmann and
• Peter Claus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 776–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.86

• between the aqueous ceria sol (see before) and the polymer fibre substrate during synthesis, the surfactant Pluronic P123® was added to the sol prior to spray coating. Pluronic P123® is a triblock copolymer based on individual poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) blocks