First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• cycle. Heating and cooling cycles were repeated three times for reproducibility. Pore analysis. Nitrogen sorption experiments were carried out at 77 K on a Quantachrome Autosorb-1. Prior to measurements the samples were degassed in vacuum overnight at 80 °C. Surface areas were calculated via the

• Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method [34]. Determination of average pore diameters was done using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) approach using the desorption branch of the sorption isotherms [35]. X-ray scattering. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) intensities were recorded at room temperature with a

• ) pattern. All SAXS patterns show a strong scattering signal with a typical q−4 behavior indicating an amorphous, mesoporous system with strong phase boundaries and cylindrical pores, but without ordered mesopores [37]. This is confirmed by nitrogen sorption measurements, Figure 6. All monoliths show a type

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• molecular structure of the surfaces. It was demonstrated that the introduction of short hydrophobic (methyl) groups improves the kinetic characteristics of the samples during the sorption of copper(II) ions and promotes fixation of aminopropyl groups on the surface of silica microspheres. The introduction

• of long hydrophobic (perfluoroctyl) groups changes the nature of the surface, where they are arranged in alternately hydrophobic/hydrophilic patches. This makes the aminopropyl groups huddled and less active in the sorption of metal cations. The size and aggregation/morphology of obtained particles

• was optimized controlling the synthesis conditions, such as concentrations of reactants, basicity of the medium, and the process temperature. Keywords: copper(II) ions; methyl groups; N- and F-containing functional groups; silica nanospheres; sol–gel processes; sorption; surface chemistry

In situ formation of reduced graphene oxide structures in ceria by combined sol–gel and solvothermal processing

• Jingxia Yang,
• Johannes Ofner,
• Bernhard Lendl and
• Ulrich Schubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1815–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.174

• TG 209 C in a platinum crucible in synthetic air with a heating rate of 10 °C/min. Nitrogen sorption measurements were performed on an ASAP 2020 (Micromeritics). The samples were degassed in vacuum at room temperature for at least 5 h prior to measurement. The total surface area was calculated

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• management and catalyst production [13][14] because of HAp’s high sorption activity to numerous ions including several heavy metals and radionuclides [15]. A model compound reflecting bone mineral phase is a nonstoichiometric hydroxyapatite with a molar ratio different than 1.67. Nevertheless, regarding

Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Mitra Naghdi,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• Emile Knystautas,
• Mausam Verma,
• Rao. Y. Surampalli and
• Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

• 100–400 nm. The shift of the endothermic DSC peak and the onset temperature of NFM-1.5% compared to NFM-0% and pure PAN indicated interactions between polymer and activated biochar. The results of BET sorption test on fabricated membranes showed that at 1.5% biochar loading, the maximum surface area

Thickness dependence of the triplet spin-valve effect in superconductor–ferromagnet–ferromagnet heterostructures

• Daniel Lenk,
• Vladimir I. Zdravkov,
• Jan-Michael Kehrle,
• Günter Obermeier,
• Aladin Ullrich,
• Roman Morari,
• Hans-Albrecht Krug von Nidda,
• Claus Müller,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Siegfried Horn,
• Rafael G. Deminov,
• Lenar R. Tagirov and
• Reinhard Tidecks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 957–969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.88

• To investigate the triplet SSV effect, resistance–temperature (R(T)) measurements of the superconducting transition were recorded at different magnetic fields applied parallel to the film plane. The measurements were performed in an Oxford Instruments Heliox sorption-pumped 3He insert, applying the

Cantilever bending based on humidity-actuated mesoporous silica/silicon bilayers

• Christian Ganser,
• Gerhard Fritz-Popovski,
• Roland Morak,
• Parvin Sharifi,
• Benedetta Marmiroli,
• Barbara Sartori,
• Heinz Amenitsch,
• Thomas Griesser,
• Christian Teichert and
• Oskar Paris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 637–644, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.56

• humidity. We also investigate a similar film on bulk silicon substrate using grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS), in order to determine nanostructural parameters of the film as well as the water-sorption-induced deformation of the ordered mesopore lattice. The strain of the mesoporous

• bending; grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS); mesoporous film; sorption-induced deformation; Introduction Because the bending of a microcantilever can be measured with extremely high accuracy, sensors utilizing this principle are in focus of recent research. Such sensors are able, for

• Switzerland) at a distance of 1502 mm. For the in situ water sorption measurements, a custom-built humidity cell with Kapton X-ray windows was used. The working principle is very similar to the humidity chamber for AFM described above with a humidity range between about 10 and 90% RH (for more information on

Chemiresistive/SERS dual sensor based on densely packed gold nanoparticles

• Sanda Boca,
• Cosmin Leordean,
• Simion Astilean and
• Cosmin Farcau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2498–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.259

• capping molecules. By changing the molecular content of the interparticle gap both l and β can be expected to suffer modifications, which translate into changes of the macroscopic resistance. A decrease of the resistance upon analyte sorption has been already observed in chemiresistors based on rigidly

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• and Au NPs through a green photochemical process using UV light source (365 nm wavelength) for 40 min. In this process, alginate can serve as both reducing and stabilizing agent. The particles had spherical morphology and their sizes were less than 10 nm for both Ag and Au. Their sorption experiment

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

• technological difficulties is discussed with a focus on conversion reaction limitations in the case of MgH2. The influence of MgH2 particle size, mechanical grinding, hydrogen sorption cycles, grinding with carbon, reactive milling under hydrogen, and metal and catalyst addition to the MgH2/carbon composite on

• the lattice cell volume, allows one to change the thermodynamic stability of the hydrides, especially for the families AB5 and AB2. Depending of the nature of the hydrides a wide range of hydrogen sorption temperatures from −40 to 300 °C gives another argument to a tailor a negative electrode for the

• sizes and to accommodate the volume variation of the electrode can be considered and will be presented in the following paragraph: Effect of grinding on commercial hydride, effect of three hydrogen sorption, effect of grinding commercial hydride with carbon, effect of activation by sorption cycles

Nanomechanical humidity detection through porous alumina cantilevers

• Olga Boytsova,
• Alexey Klimenko,
• Vasiliy Lebedev,
• Alexey Lukashin and
• Andrey Eliseev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1332–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.137

• increase of the experimental water surface coverage of about 8% within the experimental humidity levels. From the Langmuir sorption isotherm a humidity change from 10 to 22% should result in growth of the surface coverage by 8.9%, which fits well to the obtained value. However, despite the good agreement

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• CNO in environmental remediation was studied by Li group [54], who revealed that surface-oxidized CNO in aqueous suspensions have a high sorption capacity for heavy metal ions such as Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+. The sorption capacity of oxidized CNOs was found to be up to ten times higher than

Quasi-1D physics in metal-organic frameworks: MIL-47(V) from first principles

• Danny E. P. Vanpoucke,
• Jan W. Jaeken,
• Stijn De Baerdemacker,
• Kurt Lejaeghere and
• Veronique Van Speybroeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1738–1748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.184

• [44]. Because of the rigid nature of MIL-47(VIV) under standard breathing conditions it is often used as a material for comparison in studies of breathing (due to sorption) of other MOFs [3][7][10][13][51][52]. In addition, the 1D pores of MIL-47(V) make this material well-suited for gas storage and

Non-covalent and reversible functionalization of carbon nanotubes

• Antonello Di Crescenzo,
• Valeria Ettorre and
• Antonella Fontana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1675–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.178

• . demonstrated that sorption of phenanthrene and naphtalene to CNTs is correlated to the hydrophobicity of the corresponding PAH [46]. Stable dispersions of SWCNTs in THF have been easily achieved by sonicating CNTs with diazapentacene at room temperature [47] (see Table 1). The adsorption is solely imputable to

Nanoporous composites prepared by a combination of SBA-15 with Mg–Al mixed oxides. Water vapor sorption properties

• Amaury Pérez-Verdejo,
• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Heriberto Pfeiffer,
• Mayra Ruiz-Reyes,
• Juana-Deisy Santamaría and
• Geolar Fetter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.136

• porous composite, which displays a cauliflower morphology. This is an important microporosity contribution and micro and mesoporous surfaces coexist in almost the same proportion. Furthermore, the nanostructured mesoporous composites present an extraordinary water vapor sorption capacity. Such composites

• might be utilized as as acid-base catalysts, adsorbents, sensors or storage nanomaterials. Keywords: calcined Mg–Al hydrotalcite; nanoporous composites; SBA-15; vapor sorption; Introduction Multifunctional nanomaterials are designed to satisfy specific ranged sets of performance requirements. The

• sorption capacity. Results and Discussion Textural properties Table 1 summarizes the main textural results obtained by X-ray diffraction (Supporting Information File 1) and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms (Figure 1A). All isotherms are Type IV according to IUPAC classification. Both post-synthesis

Shape-selected nanocrystals for in situ spectro-electrochemistry studies on structurally well defined surfaces under controlled electrolyte transport: A combined in situ ATR-FTIR/online DEMS investigation of CO electrooxidation on Pt

• Sylvain Brimaud,
• Zenonas Jusys and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 735–746, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.86

• hydrogen sorption peaks are convincing indicators for both a well ordered Pt nanocrystal surface structure and the cleanness of the experimental setup and procedures. The hydrogen-region voltammograms obtained for such samples are approximated as weighted sum of the respective features of extended low

• , and assuming a hydrogen saturation coverage of 0.77 at 0.05 V [47], independent of the Pt surface structure. The charge related to H adsorption can be determined from the Faradaic charge under the anodic part of the hydrogen region voltammogram, corrected for the charge associated to anion sorption

Mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres for the visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes

• Subas K. Muduli,
• Songling Wang,
• Shi Chen,
• Chin Fan Ng,
• Cheng Hon Alfred Huan,
• Tze Chien Sum and
• Han Sen Soo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 517–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.60

• photoelectron and UV–vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Together with N2 sorption experiments, the data confirms that the new cerium oxide material is mesoporous and absorbs visible light. The photocatalytic degradation of rhodamin B is investigated with a series of radical scavengers

• dotted ring), that can be indexed to Ce7O12 and CeO2 (Figure 3b). Nitrogen sorption experiments were conducted to ascertain the average surface area and pore size distribution of the material. The nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm of the cerium oxide sample (Figure 3c) shows a type-II curve and the

• (NRF), Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) programme. S.K. Muduli and H.S. Soo thank Nanyang Asst. Prof. Ling Xing Yi for the use of her solar simulator, and Nanyang Asst. Prof. Zhao Yanli for the use of his gas sorption

Controlled synthesis and tunable properties of ultrathin silica nanotubes through spontaneous polycondensation on polyamine fibrils

• Jian-Jun Yuan,
• Pei-Xin Zhu,
• Daisuke Noda and
• Ren-Hua Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 793–804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.90

• to observation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies were conducted on a JEOL JEM-2200FS instrument operating at 200 kV. X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) were carried out with a Rigaku RINT-TTR II diffractometer (Rigaku Co., Japan), using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.54 Å). Nitrogen sorption

Site-selective growth of surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks on self-assembled monolayer patterns prepared by AFM nanografting

• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Alexander Welle,
• Stefan Heißler,
• Christof Wöll and
• Hartmut Gliemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 638–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.71

• from the surface of the SURMOF to the supporting substrate without hindrance. Therefore, SURMOFs can be used as model systems to gain a detailed understanding of, e.g., the kinetics of sorption/desorption processes or as active sites for sensor systems [16]. The high degree of orientation and the high

Pure hydrogen low-temperature plasma exposure of HOPG and graphene: Graphane formation?

• Baran Eren,
• Dorothée Hug,
• Laurent Marot,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Roland Steiner,
• Dominik M. Zumbühl and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 852–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.96

• whether these blisters still contain hydrogen gas underneath them during storage of HOPG under ambient conditions. Similar blister formation was observed after thermal sorption of hydrogen into graphite, and hydrogen gas storage was claimed by thermal desorption experiments [31]. AFM topography images of

Distribution of functional groups in periodic mesoporous organosilica materials studied by small-angle neutron scattering with in situ adsorption of nitrogen

• Monir Sharifi,
• Dirk Wallacher and
• Michael Wark

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.49

• ], divinylbenzene [12] or biphenyl [13]. However, direct experimental proofs for this molecular-scale periodicity are only rarely given. Gas sorption [14], wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), i.e., powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and IR spectroscopy [15] are commonly used as analysis tools for porous materials in

• ] and providing insight into both the sorption mechanism, i.e., micropore filling, formation of nitrogen layers and capillary condensation [23][24], and the structural properties. Often adsorbates are favored in which hydrogen atoms can be isotopically substituted by deuterium atoms and, hence, the

Nanostructured, mesoporous Au/TiO₂ model catalysts – structure, stability and catalytic properties

• Matthias Roos,
• Dominique Böcking,
• Kwabena Offeh Gyimah,
• Gabriela Kucerova,
• Joachim Bansmann,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Nicola Hüsing and
• R. Jürgen Behm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.63

• calcination in air at 350 °C for 3 h, with a ramp rate of 1 K min−1. For the N2 sorption and inductively coupled plasma ionization spectroscopy (ICP–OES) measurements, a larger quantity of the titania material was needed: The remaining coating solution was cast in petri dishes and aged analogously to the thin

• /TiO2 film yielded statistically relevant data. The surface area and the pore diameter of the titania (cast TiO2 material, different batches) was determined by N2 sorption measurements (Autosorb MP1 and Quadrasorb, Quantachrome). The specific surface area was calculated using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller

• and constant partial pressure of the other reactant (1 mbar). Supporting Information Supporting Information features details on the nitrogen sorption measurement of porous titania. Supporting Information File 38: Details of sorption measurements. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the

Inorganic–organic hybrid materials through post-synthesis modification: Impact of the treatment with azides on the mesopore structure

• Miriam Keppeler,
• Jürgen Holzbock,
• Johanna Akbarzadeh,
• Herwig Peterlik and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 486–498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.52

• sorption analysis. Similar effects were observed for unmodified silica gels by simple ageing in azide-containing media, whether a relatively small or a sterically demanding counter ion (Na+ or (H3C)4N+) was used. The structural modification did not seem to depend greatly on whether an organic aprotic

• evaluated by nitrogen sorption and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analyses. Figure 2 shows the nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at 77 K for modified silica gels before and after nucleophilic substitution (SiO2–(CH2)1,3–Cl → SiO2–(CH2)1,3–N3). The isotherms for the chloroalkyl-containing

• range of 1.7 to 2.4 nm for the methyl-spacer samples (n = 1), and in the range of 1.0 to 1.3 nm for the propyl-spacer samples (n = 3). Regardless of which sorption branch was applied for the calculation, a significant enlargement in the mesopore diameter after nucleophilic substitution in the range of

Novel acridone-modified MCM-41 type silica: Synthesis, characterization and fluorescence tuning

• Maximilian Hemgesberg,
• Gunder Dörr,
• Yvonne Schmitt,
• Andreas Seifert,
• Zhou Zhou,
• Robin Klupp Taylor,
• Sarah Bay,
• Stefan Ernst,
• Markus Gerhards,
• Thomas J. J. Müller and
• Werner R. Thiel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 284–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.33

• sorption hysteresis. We may therefore conclude that the silica obtained has a very uniform structure and a homogeneous composition, thus proving that the co-condensation could be carried out in a controllable way, and that the formation of larger mesopores was prevented in the presence of the organic

• well as the textural properties of the hybrid materials were determined at 77 K by a Quantachrome Autosorb 1 sorption analyzer. Before analysis, the samples were activated at 120 °C overnight in the vacuum and then the adsorption–desorption procedure was conducted by passing nitrogen into the sample

• cm−1). C=O vibrational band section of the infrared spectra of compound 1 (A), MCM-ACR (B) and MCM-ACR + Sc(OTf)3 (C). TEM images showing the mesoporous structure of MCM-ACR (left: frontal, right: lateral), inset in left image: Electron diffraction pattern. Sorption isotherm (left) and pore size

Twofold role of calcined hydrotalcites in the degradation of methyl parathion pesticide

• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Geolar Fetter,
• María Elena Villafuerte-Castrejon,
• Adriana Tejeda-Cruz and
• Pedro Bosch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 99–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.11

• have correlated the degradation of an aqueous solution of MP at room temperature, with the basicity of the adsorbing materials. It was found that the metal composition of hydrotalcites determines both the surface electronic properties (basic or acidic) and the sorption capacity. Depending on the basic

• sorbed on a bentonite (cationic clay) [6][7][8]. Moreover, the bentonite sorption capacity may be increased if the clay is exchanged with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Indeed, the hydrophobic character of the pesticide and the organoclay enhances the retention through two mechanisms; either MP

• effective (Figure 1b) and after 1170 minutes of the sorption process MP still remained in the waste solution as p-NP. The result using Ni–Al mixed oxide as sorbent was surprising, as it did not promote the degradation of MP (Figure 1c). Figure 2 shows the MP degradation performance to p-NP of Mg–Al, Zn–Al