A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• . Meanwhile, Mrad et al. [5] reviewed and summarised the use of a hydrocarbon catalyst in the SCR of NO. However, not much effort has been made to summarise the progress of catalyst synthesis methods to achieve catalytic activity at low-temperature SCR. Therefore, this paper addresses this gap by reviewing

• -precipitation method. An enhanced performance of the MnOx catalyst was observed due to the strong interaction between Mn and Eu, which hinders the MnOx crystallisation process. Overall, there are various types of synthesis methods (impregnation, sol–gel, co-precipitation, incipient wetness, and pyridine thermal

• treatment enables the covalent attachment of oxygenated groups on the surface and the open ends of the CNTs. After undergoing pre-treatment, the treated-CNTs will be dispersed with the choice of metal species. In the next step, several synthesis methods are applied such as impregnation, pyridine thermal

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• form aldehyde. Table 1 comprehensively presents the various synthesis routes for fabrication of LPSR-induced photocatalysts. Interestingly, the fabrication of plasmonic photocatalysts using sustainable approaches showed better performance as compared to the conventional synthesis methods. The mechanism

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• . Generally, the synthesis of C-dots is a multistep and tedious procedure, which is often expensive. Moreover, a surface passivation with other ligands or additives is frequently needed in order to obtain exacerbated intrinsic fluorescence properties [5][12][13]. Recently, green synthesis methods of C-dots

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO₂

• Patrycja Parnicka,
• Paweł Mazierski,
• Tomasz Grzyb,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewa Kowalska,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

• , we presented experimental studies concerning the effect of synthesis methods on lanthanide-modified TiO2. In these studies we compared hydrothermal and sol–gel method. The synthesis method significantly affects the structure, optical, luminescence and photocatalytic properties. It was found that all

• and Nd-modified TiO2, and an irregular shape of particles can be clearly observed. Moreover, aggregation occurred in all samples. These images show no change in particle morphology due to Nd loading. The shape of particles does not show much difference between the synthesis methods. However, it seems

• of Nd3+ ions on the surface of TiO2 NPs can be conveniently exploited for a variety of environmental purification processes. We presented the experimental studies concerning the effect of synthesis methods on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO2. Nanocrystalline anatase-phase TiO2 NPs were

Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting performance using morphology-controlled BiVO₄ with W doping

• Xin Zhao and
• Zhong Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2640–2647, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.264

• improved by the formation of the nanoporous structure. This reason for such an opposite tread remains unknown, and requires further work in the future. We suspect different synthesis methods may have a greater influence on the surface states, which leads to different charge transfer efficiencies

Towards molecular spintronics

• Georgeta Salvan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2464–2466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.245

• applications. Horizontally stacked two-terminal and four-terminal devices photo sensors and magnetic field sensors were developed for large-scale integration purposes. This complex research and development chain required various synthesis methods and theoretical approaches for prediction of molecular and

In situ controlled rapid growth of novel high activity TiB₂/(TiB₂–TiN) hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites

• Jilin Wang,
• Hejie Liao,
• Yuchun Ji,
• Fei Long,
• Yunle Gu,
• Zhengguang Zou,
• Weimin Wang and
• Zhengyi Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2116–2125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.211

• synthesis methods and high-energy ball milling assisted methods with heat treatment using Ti, B, BN and TiH2 as raw materials [1][2][3][11][12][13]. Based on the previous works, it is known that the high-energy ball milling assisted heat treatment method requires long milling time (30–40 h) and high energy

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• for micrometer-sized materials, but becomes feasible for their nanostructured derivatives [9][11][16][17][18][19][20]. Therefore, morphology control and nanostructuring of α-Fe2O3 is of great topical importance. Among several synthesis methods for α-Fe2O3 crystal phases, including precipitation and

Self-assembly of chiral fluorescent nanoparticles based on water-soluble L-tryptophan derivatives of p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene

• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Irina A. Khripunova,
• Olga A. Mostovaya,
• Timur A. Mukhametzyanov,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Vyacheslav V. Vorobev,
• Yuri N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1825–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.184

• templating synthesis methods makes it possible to obtain a wide range of the structures with binding centers preorganized and rigidly fixed in space. Besides, the preparation of water-soluble fluorescent compounds is a perspective field, which opens the possibility for detecting various water-soluble

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• insolubility of g-C3N4 in most of the known solvents is one main hurdle for easy synthesis of its g-C3N4 based nanocomposites. Recently, layered g-C3N4 based nanocomposites have attracted much attention because of reports on some simple synthesis methods [68]. The g-C3N4 and its nanocomposites with

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• agglomeration and stability) and the fluorescence properties of the obtained particles were compared to particles from commonly known synthesis methods. As a result, the spectroscopic characteristics of the presented monodisperse dye-doped silica nanoparticles were similar to those of the free uncoupled dyes

• narrow size distribution in the range of 100 nm to several micrometres, the method is less suited for the synthesis of silica nanoparticles with a narrow dispersity in the size regime below 100 nm. Thus many research studies have been based on this approach, developing new synthesis methods of

• –CS–APTES on the particle synthesis and the physical particle attributes can be excluded. Comparison of FD particles with Stöber synthesis and C-dots synthesis Furthermore, the above presented Atto647N-doped silica nanoparticles were compared to silica nanoparticles of other literature-known synthesis

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

High photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites prepared by photodeposition for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

• Shu Chin Lee,
• Hendrik O. Lintang and
• Leny Yuliati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 915–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.93

• showed that different synthesis methods lead to different photocatalytic performance. The photocatalysts prepared by photodeposition showed superior performance compared to those prepared by the impregnation method. Properties comparison The structural, optical, and physical properties of the Fe2O3/TiO2

• range of 8.8–9.3 nm (Table 1, entries 8–13), suggesting that the crystallite size was not altered by the photodeposition method. Comparing the two synthesis methods, it was obvious that the photodeposition method maintained both crystallinity and crystallite size of the TiO2, while the impregnation

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• these synthesis procedures can be found in previous reviews [5][6][16][17]. The synthesis methods of SWCNTs include also the growth of tubes inside the outer SWCNTs. The inner tubes can be formed inside SWCNTs filled with molecules of fullerenes, metallocenes, acetylacetonates and other precursors, as

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• composites, which have been demonstrated to have improved cycling performance [21][22][23][24][25]. All of these materials demonstrated considerable specific capacity, but with some drawbacks such as complex synthesis methods [21][22], high cost and low cycle life. So it is essential to find new facile

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• important. Cobalt nanostructures with defined geometry and high coercivity are most desirable for magnetic storage applications [7]. Therefore, it is important to develop synthesis methods that yield cobalt nanostructures with well-controlled shape and size. This formulates the primary objective of the

Hydrophilic silver nanoparticles with tunable optical properties: application for the detection of heavy metals in water

• Paolo Prosposito,
• Federico Mochi,
• Erica Ciotta,
• Mauro Casalboni,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Iole Venditti,
• Laura Fontana,
• Giovanna Testa and
• Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1654–1661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.157

• solution was stored at 4 °C. For samples obtained with both synthesis methods, UV–vis spectra were run with a Varian Cary 100 Scan UV–visible spectrophotometer and Perkin-Elmer Lambda 19 from water suspensions. A Malvern Zetasizer Nanoseries instrument (Malvern, UK) equipped with a 10 mW HeNe laser at a

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• was synthesis-time dependent. The purpose of this study was to further develop the previously reported synthesis methods in order to: further extend the range of particle sizes, scale up the synthesis process by six orders of magnitude of six types of nano-hydroxyapatite, and to demonstrate that a

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• occupancy also plays a central role in the magnetism (exchange interactions) and usually exhibits a variety among different synthesis methods. Overall, this means that the magnetic properties can be tailored to some extent by means of the preparation conditions. Furthermore, spinel ferrites have been shown

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• epoxy–graphene nanocomposites. In addition, almost in all cases, the nanocomposites were produced using solution casting. Therefore, solution casting and thermosetting epoxy are still the favorite synthesis methods. The first report about the preparation of aligned CNT–polymer composites was published

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• in nanomaterials with the same dopant content but with a different distribution of ions or dopant clusters in the crystalline lattice (Figure 2) [47]. Despite the efforts made by numerous research groups and despite the development of new synthesis methods, obtaining nanomaterials with reproducible

• energy and cost efficient than conventional synthesis methods. The microwave radiation employed is a highly effective method of providing energy to the reaction chamber, which results in a more uniform and rapid heating in comparison with traditional methods of heat transfer [64]. The MSS method is a

Determination of Young’s modulus of Sb₂S₃ nanowires by in situ resonance and bending methods

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Alexander I. Livshits,
• Juris Prikulis,
• Subhajit Biswas,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 278–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.25

• behavior of nanostructures is not only important for the development of potential applications, but also allows for an overall estimation of the NW structure obtained using different synthesis methods. Various approaches have been used to study the mechanical behavior of NWs including AFM 3-point bending

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka,
• Witold Lojkowski,
• Wojciech Knoff,
• Malgorzata I. Lukasiewicz,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin T. Klepka,
• Tomasz Story and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1957–1969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.200

• ferromagnetic and paramagnetic properties [46][47]. Using hydrothermal [32][48] and sol–gel [49][50] synthesis methods, Co-doped ZnO with both ferromagnetic and paramagnetic properties was obtained [39][41][42]. These observations questioned the possibility of producing powders with controllable properties

Atomic scale interface design and characterisation

• Carla Bittencourt,
• Chris Ewels and
• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1708–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.174

• Bittencourt, Chris Ewels and Arkady Krasheninnikov, with the reviews covering key areas of advanced synthesis methods, controlled functionalization and post-processing routes, developments in nanoscale characterization tools as well as theoretical modeling of structure and dynamics, and electronic properties