Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• : Salticidae), and the bird-of-paradise Drepanornis bruijnii (Passeriformes: Paradisaeidae). The spectra of these species were obtained from data provided in [10][12], and species with the highest absorbance in the UV–vis spectrum were selected. Thermal images This experimental protocol was adapted from [15

• ]. For the thermal images, a velvet ant specimen was carefully positioned on a polystyrene plate, serving as a thermal insulator, and covered with a layer of sand measuring 2 cm in thickness. Using a Fluke TiS75+ Thermal Camera, thermal images were captured before, during, and after a controlled heating

• process induced by a thermal lamp positioned 10 cm away. Prior to initiating the experiment, the female specimen was photographed, and subsequent images were taken at 1 min and 2 min intervals during the heating process. Throughout the experiment, the ambient temperature was meticulously maintained at a

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• performance of materials before they are synthesized [1][2][3]. This approach enables the discovery of materials with, for example, improved mechanical strength, enhanced thermal conductivity, superior electrical properties, or other tailored characteristics. Simulations provide crucial insights at different

• time and length scales, from atomic and molecular-level interactions to the macroscale, that govern the structural, mechanical, and thermal properties of materials [4][5]. More recently, data-driven approaches, such as machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), are revolutionizing

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• and subsequent description. It is important to distinguish between two types of point defects, that is, (i) thermal-equilibrium defects (vacancies and interstitials that exist without irradiation treatment) and (ii) radiation-induced defects. Point defects caused by radiation are formed when a fast

• . Disorder can arise from the recombination of these defects [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In metals, for instance, the equilibrium concentration of thermal vacancies, even at high pre-melting temperatures, reaches values of only about 0.1% [10][11]. Therefore, in the following, we will focus on radiation

• -induced vacancies, assuming that the concentration of radiation-induced point defects at characteristic temperatures (far from melting) exceeds the concentration of thermal-equilibrium defects. The behavior of HDCMs under irradiation highly depends on their size. For example, when TiN nanograins are

Strain-induced bandgap engineering in 2D ψ-graphene materials: a first-principles study

• Kamal Kumar,
• Nora H. de Leeuw,
• Jost Adam and
• Abhishek Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1440–1452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.116

• Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.15.116 Abstract High mechanical strength, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, and tunable properties make two-dimensional (2D) materials attractive for various

• two-dimensional (2D) material, consisting of a single layer of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms arranged together in a hexagonal lattice [1]. Because of its extraordinary electrical and thermal conductivity, large surface area, and easy chemical functionalization, it provides a variety of applications in

• compatibility with established technologies (the semiconductor industry can adopt it to enhance the performance of devices) [28]. Strain can be introduced in graphene using different methods, namely, by exploiting a mismatch in thermal expansion between graphene and the underlying substrate, by transferring

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• , owing to its elevated refractive index and thermal stability, they are suitable for applications at high temperatures. Additionally, TiO2 exhibits a wide bandgap, making it conducive for incorporation into photonic crystals designed to operate within the ultraviolet and visible spectra. Moreover, its

• implantation, the wafer is bonded to a SiO2 (or TiO2) substrate using direct bonding techniques, which involves bringing the surfaces into close contact and applying pressure or heat to form a strong bond. The wafer is then subjected to thermal annealing, which activates the splitting process along the

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• comparison to other compounds [4][5][6]. Specifically, its large bandgap energy Eg ≈ 3.4 eV is comparable to GaN – a typical material for blue-light-emitting diode (LED) technology [7][8]. Also, its exciton binding energy is higher than the thermal energy at 300 K, and it has high-quality optical

• thermal sublimation [18][23], thermal evaporation [21], hydrothermal method [31][32][33], and other facile chemical/physical routes [34]. The changes in fabrication and processing conditions will influence the shape and size of ZnO nanostructures. When using CVD, vapour sources can be Zn powder or a

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• Cary Eclipse fluorescence spectrophotometer were used for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential measurements, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), micro-Raman spectroscopy, PVD thermal evaporation, scanning

• substrate was cut to approximately 1 cm2 in size and cleaned by washing it in acetone, methanol, and pure water for 10 min each. An ohmic contact was made with aluminum on the cleaned sample at 1 × 10−7 Torr vacuum in a PVD thermal evaporation device. Approximately 30 μL of the CDs stock solution was taken

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• deposited onto the heterojunctions through metal thermal evaporation. Material and performance characterization The optical images of heterojunctions were obtained using a microscope (ZEISS, Axio Scope A1). The SHG and PL measurements were performed by using a scanning confocal microscope (WITec, alpha 300R

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• regions the critical temperature is different. Furthermore, such a protracted transition can be explained by the effect of phase separation in a film of large size, that is, it becomes superconducting in parts. The film sample C1, unlike samples A1–A4 and B1, shows thermal hysteresis, which is expressed

• clamp contacts as sample C1, but the measured area was further away from the contact points. This way, the current first flows through the superconducting electrodes with low thermal conductivity in the superconducting state, and only then goes to the bridge. Nevertheless, non-equilibrium heating

• –Larkin formula [18]: where τ0 is found as (RSe2)/(16ℏ), τT equals to (T − TC)/TC, and RS is the surface resistance of the film. Equation 1 describes the change of film resistance above the critical temperature. This change happens because of thermal fluctuations of conductivity and depends on the surface

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• morphology (triangular cross section with two corrugated surfaces) associated with a strong optical reflection in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) range, while maximizing heat emissivity in the mid-infrared (MIR). This allows the insects to maintain a lower thermal steady state and to cope with high

• temperatures (50 °C or even more) [51]. Additionally, specialized hairs with thermal functions are present in both wasps [52] and bees [53]. At last, hymenopteran hairs considerably vary in terms of length [54][55][56], suggesting that they may possess different physical properties, which may be variably used

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• distribution, improved purity, tailored shape, and morphological uniformity [21]. More crucially, the crystallization can be influenced by varying reaction temperature, reaction duration, and system composition [18][22]. According to the literature, MW has been predominantly employed for the thermal treatment

• of amorphous oxide nanopowders, the precipitation of nanocrystalline metal oxides, and the drying and thermal treatment of oxide films [23]. However, there has been comparatively less focus on studying chemical reactions in sol–gel solutions under microwave irradiation [24][25][26][27]. Numerous

• and biological sensing [38][39][40]. The optical, thermal, and photocatalytic [40] reactivity of ZnO can also be improved with this method without changing its basic hexagonal structure. Consequently, the photodegradation of aqueous organic compounds triggered by manganese-doped ZnO still provides

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• mismatch in the thermal expansion coefficients of the opMEMS materials (Pt: 8.9 µm/mK, Si3N4: 3.3 μm/mK) [37]. Joule heat is dissipated in the actuation lines (Figure 2b,c), which then causes transverse bending of the whole opMEMS bridge. The opMEMS bridges are also susceptible to electromagnetic actuation

• residual strain field induced by processing steps. The concept of eigenstrain is flexible enough to include all residual stresses in solids [42]. This is done using pseudo-thermal strain, which induces an arbitrary eigenstrain field, which is then compared with experimental data [43]. The aim of the

• thermal expansion multiphysics module. The following constraints were imposed: no displacement and no heat sink on the substrate surfaces. Heat sources were defined on the actuation paths as temperature sources of alternating temperatures. The heat source temperature was 293 K (given by the experimental

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• ) using a nanoPartica Horiba SZ-100 instrument. Thermal analysis through thermogravimetry (TGA) was performed using a LabSys evo S60/58988 Thermoanalyzer (Setaram, France). The oven-dried powder of both blank nanocomposite GluN/Alg and synthesized composite AuNPs@GluN/Alg underwent heating from 30 to 800

• nanoparticles is anticipated to impart excellent catalytic performance in the reduction of organic dyes. Thermal properties of blank and AuNPs@GluN/Alg nanocomposites were assessed through TGA measurements in an airflow of 20 mL/min and a heating rate of 10 °C/min (Figure 3D). Similar kinds of thermal behavior

• absorb moisture from the ambient environment well. The second stage revealed a slightly higher thermal stability of AuNPs@GluN/Alg (25% mass loss in the range of 210–290 °C) compared to blank GluN/Alg (31% mass loss in the range of 210–320 °C), indicating that AuNPs enhance the thermal stability of the

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• acceleration voltage) directly allows the ion beam-induced temperature increases per scan point to be minimized. Materials with a low thermal conductivity such as polymers or biological samples, for example, skin with a thermal conductivity of 0.29 W·m−1·K−1 [21], will show excessive increases in temperature

• though this is not expected to be necessary in the case of processing collagen, further reducing the ion beam-induced heating by lowering the beam current and blurring the beam might be required for some polymers or biological samples that have a lower thermal conductivity than skin. Comparison of

• ion energies can be found throughout the literature [25][26]. Heating has not been observed when working with frozen hydrated samples. The thermal conductivity of ice is 2–3 W·m−1·K−1 [27]. FIB-induced heat damage would not be expected for cryo FIB processes, since the thermal conductivity of cryo

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• in pharmacy and medicine is carbon-based nanomaterials because of their physicochemical, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties [19][20], as well as their capacity to modify existing drugs. Fullerene derivatives have been proposed recently, particularly those obtained from fullerene

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• , and = 0.17328me) reported in the literature [46][47]. With that, we estimated the effective DOS values in the CB and the VB to be 0.1732 × 1019 /cm3 and 0.1887 × 1019 /cm3, respectively. The electron and hole thermal velocities for monolayer Ge2Se2 were estimated as 9.43 × 105 m/s and 2.668 × 105 m/s

• effective masses of electrons () and holes (), the effective DOS in the conduction and valence bands (Nc and Nv), electron and hole thermal velocities ( and ), electron and hole mobilities, electron affinity, and work function. We outline an efficient approach to calculating these device parameters briefly

• the charge carriers’ effective masses are and for electrons and holes, respectively. kB, and T denote the Boltzmann constant and the absolute temperature, respectively. We also calculated the electron and hole thermal velocities using their effective masses by [75][76]: To compute the electron and

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• challenging mission to eliminate CH4 from the atmosphere. Conventionally, CH4 activation is carried out at high temperatures (>650 °C) via thermal methane conversion to value-added products. However, combustion of CH4 for energy production usually generates great amounts of carbon dioxide as well as coke

• experiments. Photocatalytic tests The as-synthesized catalyst was placed in a custom-made batch reactor with a small transparent quartz window, which was directly connected to a gas chromatograph (GC) with thermal conductivity and flame ionization detectors. A 300 W Xenon lamp was utilized as a light source

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• , 10,10′-dibromo-9,9′-bianthryl (DBBA) molecules were deposited by thermal evaporation (Kentax evaporator) onto the hot (Tsample = 470 K) sample surface for 10 min. The deposition rate was kept constant using a quartz crystal microbalance. Annealing up to 670 K for 10 min after deposition induced

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• fragmentation of adsorbed precursor molecules on a substrate [5][6][7][8][9]. The precursor is typically supplied in gaseous phase. Exploiting the different complex pathways in electron-induced chemistry (such as formation of unstable intermediates and thermal assistance in adsorption and desorption) and the

• , which lead to the pronounced deposition of halos. In addition, all require relatively high substrate temperatures (well above 100 °C) in order to avoid condensation. Hence, thermal effects are expected to play an important role in deposit shape evolution with the enhanced desorption rates contributing

• very high sensitivity with respect to electron beam impact are observed during dissociation with the weakly focused beam of a thermal electron emitter. However, for the first time, sufficient vertical growth rates in combination with high fidelity were achieved for a tightly focused electron beam

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• -effective and has a longer lifespan than enzymatic sensing [146]. Because of the difficult enzyme immobilization processes, poor chemical and thermal

Signal generation in dynamic interferometric displacement detection

• Knarik Khachatryan,
• Simon Anter,
• Michael Reichling and
• Alexander von Schmidsfeld

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1070–1076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.87

• temperature stabilisation of the laboratory and the scan head, care is taken to avoid any thermal drift of the cantilever eigenfrequency that might compromise measurements. A model MDO3000 oscilloscope (Tektronix Inc., Beaverton, OR, USA) is used to record the AC output signal of the photoreceiver, Vsig

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• carbon materials has several members with peculiar properties, namely, (i) graphene-related materials, (ii) CNTs, and (iii) nanodiamonds (NDs) as shown in Figure 2. All nanosized carbon materials show remarkable properties regarding both thermal and electronic conduction, but they should be treated

• rings, which prevents planar deformations [33]. The same phenomenon explains the high thermal conductivity of up to 3000 W·m−1·K−1 [34][35] and the outstanding electrical properties [36][37][38]. Compared to conventional 3D materials, the understanding of electronic transport and carrier dynamics in

• those of individual CNTs [71]. Nanodiamonds NDs are a carbon allotrope composed by sp3-hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a tetrahedral crystalline lattice structure [72]. The structure is accountable for the high thermal conductivity due to efficient heat conduction through phonon vibrations, which

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• thermistor region, can be fabricated in a single chemical vapor deposition process step. The thermistor resistance is mainly determined by the high junction resistances of the adjacent aligned CNTs. This configuration also provides low lateral thermal conductivity and a high temperature coefficient of

• response to IR (980 nm) absorption for a 20 × 20 μm2 device. The device exhibits an exceptionally fast response time of ≈0.15 ms, coupled with a TCR of −0.91 %/K. These attributes underscore its high operating speed and responsivity, respectively. In particular, the device maintains excellent thermal

• for non-cryogenic IR microbolometer technology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as highly promising candidates [2] with broadband blackbody absorption [3], high resistance perpendicular to the CNT orientation [4], low lateral thermal conductivity [5], a high temperature coefficient of resistance

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• Evangelos Voyiatzis Eugenia Valsami-Jones Antreas Afantitis NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1070, Cyprus School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom 10.3762/bjnano.15.81 Abstract The thermal response of gold and platinum

• have been some promising theoretical models [27] and in situ observations [28], crucial elements that can harmonize thermodynamic and kinetic controls remain unclear at the nanoscale. The plentiful theoretical efforts to understand and interpret structural modifications in metals upon thermal treatment

• carried out by Wen et al. [41]. Wang et al. employed ab initio MD to describe the melting of icosahedral Au nanoclusters [42]. The structural and thermal stability of high-index-faceted Pt NPs was addressed by Zeng et al. [43]. Similarly, the thermal stability of unsupported Au NPs was investigated by

Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective

• Billel Smaani,
• Fares Nafa,
• Mohamed Salah Benlatrech,
• Ismahan Mahdi,
• Hamza Akroum,
• Mohamed walid Azizi,
• Khaled Harrar and
• Sayan Kanungo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80

• biological characteristics of the target biomolecules into measurable and quantifiable electrical signals [43]. In this sense, various types of biosensors have been designed using electrical [44], thermal [45], and optical signals [46]. Among these, FET-based biosensors have garnered significant attention

• sensitivity and a low thermal budgeting scheme. Therefore, this structure could be a promising candidate to replace classical FET-based biosensors due to its low thermal budgeting and compatibility with the fabrication processes of CMOS technology [97]. 2.2.6 Underlap impact-ionization MOS-based biosensors

• side for sensing and biomolecule detection purposes. It has been reported that ED JL TFET-based biosensors offer a simpler fabrication process, higher thermal budget, better sensitivity than classical devices, and good resistance to short-channel effects and drain-induced barrier-lowering impact