Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• involves a two-step phase transformation, formally described as Fe(OH)3 → FeOOH → α-Fe2O3. The pKb is decreased in the presence of diamines, which accelerates the conversion of FeOOH to α-Fe2O3 [28]. In addition, the crystal growth direction of iron oxide polymorphs like FeOOH, Fe2O3 or Fe3O4 is controlled

• comparable to other iron oxides or iron oxide–carbon composites, such as Fe3O4, Fe2O3/C or Fe3O4/C, which can be also obtained by facile synthesis approaches (Table 3). It should be mentioned that capacity profiles for all samples show an increase after a minimum at ≈25 cycles (Figure 8c). Especially for the

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• nanomaterials, such as rattle-type magnetic carbon nanospheres (45.15 mg/g) [49], magnetic oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube- κ-carrageenan-Fe3O4 nanocomposites (46.36 mg/g) [51], graphene (185.00 mg/g) [52], γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystal-anchored macro/mesoporous graphene (216.3 mg/g) [53], Fe3O4-graphene@mesoporous

Methionine-mediated synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and functionalization with gold quantum dots for theranostic applications

• Arūnas Jagminas,
• Agnė Mikalauskaitė,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas and
• Jūrate Vaičiūnienė

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1734–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.174

• [11][12][13][14]. However, the direct-deposition protocols are mainly suitable for covering γ-Fe2O3 NPs. The formation of a gold shell on magnetite (Fe3O4) or ferrite surfaces through reduction of chloroauric acid by citrates or borohydride is usually problematic due to the formation of pure gold

• application of Fe3O4@Met NPs for the adsorption of water pollutants. In this study, we report a novel synthesis protocol for superparamagnetic cobalt ferrite NPs capped with a biocompatible methionine shell (CoFe2O4@Met), which in turn is capable to reduce and attach the gold species. In this way, hybrid

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• ) allows for the detection of NPs by MRI and PL [4]. Several successive shells can be designed of different inorganic materials. In this context, the following particle systems may be mentioned Gd2O(CO3)2·H2O/SiO2/Au, Fe3O4/C/Ag and Fe3O4/SiO2/Y2O3:(Yb3+,Er3+) core/shell NPs [5][6][7]. Another possibility

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• -assembly also causes worse particle separation, as seen in the TEM images. It is also observed that after modification of the inorganic core, the size distribution increases in comparison to Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Table 1), while the average size of the ferrite core decreases. This suggests that Co, Mn, and

• contribution from sextets and doublets reaches equilibrium (50%–50%). On the contrary, Ni causes a significant increase of TB in comparison to Fe3O4. This observation, however, should be also combined with the result that the average particle size also decreases for Ni0.5Fe2.5O4 in comparison to magnetite and

• spectral range 500–4000 cm−1. Room temperature Mössbauer spectra were obtained using the spectrometer working in constant acceleration mode with a 57Co(Cr) radioactive source. Synthesis of ferrite nanoparticles In the presented paper, magnetite (Fe3O4) and ferrite nanoparticles containing Co (Co0.5Fe2.5O4

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• its low cost, environmental compatibility and intrinsically high capacity [18]. But compared to the other TMOs like Co3O4 and Fe3O4, Mn3O4 is a much less conductive material, so it is a great challenge to explore the Mn3O4 graphene hybrids in LIB applications. As a bulk material, Mn3O4 has low

• superior electrical performance because the porous nature of the hybrid accommodates the volume change [146]. Wu et al. have use 3D N-doped graphene aerogel (GA) supported Fe3O4 NPs (Fe3O4/N-GA) as efficient cathode catalysts for ORR [147]. This Fe3O4/N-GA material shows excellent electrocatalytic activity

• method shows good catalytic performance towards the reduction of H2O2 [155]. Graphene–Fe3O4 spheres with diameter of about 100 nm were fabricated by a solvent–thermal route and this hybrid shows a homogeneous phase without obvious interface between graphene and Fe3O4 [156]. Yang et al. have fabricated

Photo-ignition process of multiwall carbon nanotubes and ferrocene by continuous wave Xe lamp illumination

• Paolo Visconti,
• Patrizio Primiceri,
• Daniele Longo,
• Luciano Strafella,
• Paolo Carlucci,
• Mauro Lomascolo,
• Arianna Cretì and
• Giuseppe Mele

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 134–144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.14

• traces of Fe3O4, resulting from the Fe catalyst. A TEM investigation was also performed revealing that this material is composed of two different morphologies of oxides: small nanoparticles trapped within a network of residual SWCNT bundles and large randomly interconnected or fused grains. This implies

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• nanobiosensor for the detection of miR-106a using gold–magnetic NPs. Gold–magnetic NPs were primarily decorated with single-strand (ss)-probe 1 (P1) to form a nanoprobe. The nanoprobe was then used for separating the miRNA target from the sample solution via the magnetic properties of the Fe3O4 NPs. At the last

• carried out by DPV measurements based on redox reactions of the gold NPs in the nanoprobe/target/P2 complex. Characterization of gold–magnetic NPs The size and morphology of all the produced NPs were investigated using TEM. The synthesized uncoated Fe3O4 NPs with an average diameter of 10 nm can be

• observed in Figure 2A(a). These NPs were essentially monodisperse and partially aggregated because of their magnetic nature. Figure 2A(b) shows the gold NPs with a mean diameter of 12 nm and spherical morphology. TEM results of the magnetic TMC@Fe3O4 NPs demonstrated their homogenous structure with a mean

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• cells, being bound the RGD peptides by “click chemistry” due to its selectivity and applicability. The thermal decomposition of iron metallo-organic precursors yield homogeneous Fe3O4 nanoparticles that have been properly functionalized with RGD peptides, and the preparation of magnetic fluids has been

• efficacy of other therapeutic approaches [36]. Results and Discussion The method of thermal decomposition by successive additions allowed the synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles surrounded by oleic acid (Fe3O4@OA), which have been transferred to water by an amphiphilic ligand, becoming hydrosoluble

• nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PMAO). Carboxylic groups of PMAO were anchored with an amino-modified linker to add an alkyne group, which are the alkyne-modified NPs coupled by the azide-modified RGD peptide (RGD-N3) in water in a one-step procedure by a click reaction (Fe3O4@PMAO_RGD). Details of the preparation process

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• as Fe3O4, can be avoided. Experimental Synthesis In a typical synthesis, anhydrous zinc acetate (91.7 mg, 99.99%, Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved by sonication in dry rac-1-phenylethanol (15 mL, 98%, Sigma-Aldrich). Then, iron(III) acetylacetonate (353.2 mg, 99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich) was added, followed by

• fact that the formation of acetophenone can be ruled out on the basis of the GC-MS data (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The latter compound is found in the microwave synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles under identical conditions due to partial oxidation of 1-phenylethanol (data not shown

• kept at about 3.0 V with respect to Li+/Li and the other was lithiated until a potential of 0.85 V was reached, which is within the main plateau. FeO (wüstite), Fe3O4 (magnetite) and α-Fe2O3 (hematite) were used as the reference materials for Fe(II) in cubic and cubic/spinel and Fe(III) in trigonal

Influence of synthesis conditions on microstructure and phase transformations of annealed Sr₂FeMoO_6−x nanopowders formed by the citrate–gel method

• Marta Yarmolich,
• Nikolai Kalanda,
• Sergey Demyanov,
• Herman Terryn,
• Jon Ustarroz,
• Maksim Silibin and
• Gennadii Gorokh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1202–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.111

• nanoscale single-phase Sr2FeMoO6−x with a maximum degree of superstructural ordering, still remains a challenge. The main problem is the formation of secondary phases such as Fe, Sr3MoO6, Fe3O4, and SrMoO4, the latter practically impossible to remove [3][7][8][10][14][16]. Moreover, increasing the synthesis

• the heating process that eventually leads to the formation of Sr2FeMoO6−x, several secondary phases are formed as well, such as SrMoO4, SrCO3 and Fe3O4. It is also shown that the amount of Sr2FeMoO6−x as a solid solution increases as temperature increases, whereas the percentage of SrMoO4, SrCO3 and

• Fe3O4 phases decreases unequally. Eventually, at 1220 K, an almost single-phase strontium ferromolybdate compound with minimal content of SrMoO4 is observed. From the XRD analysis of powders of SFMO-4, SFMO-6, SFMO-9 annealed at 1220 K (Figure 3a), it was found that an increase in pH of the colloidal

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• modifications consisted in non-covalent functionalization. Direct in situ generation of superpara- and ferromagnetic species in the presence of these derivatives of oMWCNT were reported. Wu co-precipitated Fe(II) and Fe(III) chlorides with NaOH in oMWCNT dispersion, obtaining a nanocrystalline deposit of Fe3O4

• sequence: sonication of oMWCNT with Fe(acac)3 in ethanol, solvent evaporation, partial reduction of Fe(acac)3 to Fe3O4 with hydrazine by ultrasonication for 10 min and irradiation by microwave at 100 °C for 20 min. PM-b-PEG/SPIO@oMWCNT#Liu hybrids were obtained by non-covalent decoration with the

• form (i.e., γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 in the hybrids with SPIO). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), supported again by TEM, were applied to monitor the effects of wrapping with organic moieties. Infrared spectroscopy has commonly been used to follow the

Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles

• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Marina Dobrivojević,
• Lada Brkić Ahmed,
• Michal Babič,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Daniel Horák and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 926–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.84

• were in agreement with their lower average size, and (ii) since the crystal structure of Fe3O4 is close to that of γ-Fe2O3, both experimental SAED patterns are similar. As a result, the analyzed particles might be a mixture of both γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. Cell-labeling efficiency of PLL-γ-Fe2O3 was higher

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• employed in case of other DDS such as biodegradable polymers, which co-assemble into composite micelles [10]. Another type of common drug carriers includes nanoparticles. Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles are often employed because they give possibility to control the transport by applying external magnetic

Early breast cancer screening using iron/iron oxide-based nanoplatforms with sub-femtomolar limits of detection

• Dinusha N. Udukala,
• Hongwang Wang,
• Sebastian O. Wendel,
• Aruni P. Malalasekera,
• Thilani N. Samarakoon,
• Asanka S. Yapa,
• Gayani Abayaweera,
• Matthew T. Basel,
• Pamela Maynez,
• Raquel Ortega,
• Yubisela Toledo,
• Leonie Bossmann,
• Colette Robinson,
• Katharine E. Janik,
• Olga B. Koper,
• Ping Li,
• Massoud Motamedi,
• Daniel A. Higgins,
• Gary Gadbury,
• Gaohong Zhu,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 364–373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.33

• is a vital strategy for early cancer detection. Water-dispersable Fe/Fe3O4-core/shell based nanoplatforms for protease detection are capable of detecting protease activity down to sub-femtomolar limits of detection. They feature one dye (tetrakis(carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP)) that is tethered to

• sensitive Fe/Fe3O4-nanoparticle based nanoplatforms for protease detection. Numerous proteases are required for early mutations, tumor survival, progression, angiogenesis, and invasion [1][2][3]. Following the pioneering research of Weissleder et al. [4], molecular [5], macromolecular [6] and nanoparticle

• the consensus sequence, its fluorescence will increase (for most of the nanoplatforms). The nanoplatforms for cancer detection are based on proteolytic cleavage of TCPP from the Fe/Fe3O4-core (Figure 2). Increasing the distance between the TCPP fluorophore and the nanoparticle decreases plasmon

Hemolysin coregulated protein 1 as a molecular gluing unit for the assembly of nanoparticle hybrid structures

• Tuan Anh Pham,
• Andreas Schreiber,
• Elena V. Sturm (née Rosseeva),
• Stefan Schiller and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 351–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.32

• gluing unit for the assembly of often linear, hybrid structures of plasmonic gold (Au NP), magnetite (Fe3O4 NP), and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NP). Furthermore, the assembly of Au NPs into linear structures using Hcp1_cys3 is investigated by UV–vis spectroscopy, TEM and cryo-TEM. One key

• order to prove the catalytic performance of the gold hybrid structures, they are used as a catalyst in the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol showing similar catalytic activity as the pure Au NPs. To further extend the functionality of the Hcp1_cys3 gluing unit, Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 NPs are aligned in a

• magnetic field and connected by utilization of cysteine-modified Hcp1. After lyophilization, a fiber-like material of micrometer scale length can be observed. The Fe3O4 Hcp1_cys3 fibers show superparamagnetic behavior with a decreasing blocking temperature and an increasing remanent magnetization leading

Simultaneous cancer control and diagnosis with magnetic nanohybrid materials

• Reza Saadat and
• Franz Renz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 121–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.14

• -analogue Ga-DOTA (DOTA = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) complexes were synthesized and linked to Fe3O4 MNP. In this manner it is possible to transport the PET tracer with an external magnetic field right to the target location. The functionalized MNP are linked to each other via

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• . prepared super-paramagnetic Fe3O4 NPs utilizing gluconic acid as stabilizing agent and α-D-glucose as reducing agent at mild temperatures (60 and 80 °C) in aqueous media. They obtained spherical NPs with comparable size (≈12.5 nm) and polydispersity to conventional methods [90]. Darroudi et al. produced Ag

• solvent and stabilizer for producing Fe3O4 NPs by thermal decomposition of iron acetylacetonate (Fe(acac)3), which is a non-toxic precursor. They found that by changing reaction time and concentrations of precursor and surfactants, one can control the shape and size of Fe3O4 NPs. According to them, the

• average size of Fe3O4 NPs increases from 2 to 7 nm when the concentration of precursor increases from 0.1 mmol to 8 mmol [91]. Zhang et al. used tannic acid (TA), a water-soluble polyphenol, as the reducing agent to prepare Ag NPs supported on graphene (Ag NPs–GN) in a single-step process over 90 min

NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials

• Katre Juganson,
• Angela Ivask,
• Irina Blinova,
• Monika Mortimer and
• Anne Kahru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1788–1804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.183

• oxide (CuO), and iron oxide (FeOx; Fe2O3, Fe3O4). Altogether, NanoE-Tox database consolidates data from 224 articles and lists altogether 1,518 toxicity values (EC50/LC50/NOEC) with corresponding test conditions and physico-chemical parameters of the ENMs as well as reported toxicity mechanisms and

• : carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium dioxide (CeO2), copper oxide (CuO), and iron oxide (FeOx; Fe2O3, Fe3O4). Furthermore, all these ENMs, except CuO, are listed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Working

A facile method for the preparation of bifunctional Mn:ZnS/ZnS/Fe₃O₄ magnetic and fluorescent nanocrystals

• Houcine Labiadh,
• Tahar Ben Chaabane,
• Romain Sibille,
• Lavinia Balan and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1743–1751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.178

• , 54001 Nancy Cedex, France 10.3762/bjnano.6.178 Abstract Bifunctional magnetic and fluorescent core/shell/shell Mn:ZnS/ZnS/Fe3O4 nanocrystals were synthesized in a basic aqueous solution using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as a capping ligand. The structural and optical properties of the

• heterostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PL spectra of Mn:ZnS/ZnS/Fe3O4 quantum dots (QDs) showed marked visible emission around 584 nm related to the 4T1

• → 6A1 Mn2+ transition. The PL quantum yield (QY) and the remnant magnetization can be regulated by varying the thickness of the magnetic shell. The results showed that an increase in the thickness of the Fe3O4 magnetite layer around the Mn:ZnS/ZnS core reduced the PL QY but improved the magnetic

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• derivatives, N-trimethylchitosan (TMC), were applied to construct three-layer nanocomposites in an Au/polymer/Fe3O4 system. It was demonstrated that replacement of chitosan with TMC reasonably improved the properties of the final nanocomposites including their size, magnetic behavior and thermal stability

• . Moreover, the results of the MTT assay showed no significant cytotoxicity effect when the Au/TMC/Fe3O4 nanocomposites were applied in vitro. These TMC-containing magnetic nanoparticles are well-coated by Au nanoparticles and have good biocompatibility and can thus play the role of a platform or a label in

• various fields of application, especially the biomedical sciences and biosensors. Keywords: Au/polymer/Fe3O4 nanocomposites; Au nanoparticles; cell viability; magnetic nanoparticles; N-trimethyl chitosan; Introduction Nanotechnology is the science of the fabrication of novel materials, devices and

Structural and magnetic properties of iron nanowires and iron nanoparticles fabricated through a reduction reaction

• Marcin Krajewski,
• Wei Syuan Lin,
• Hong Ming Lin,
• Katarzyna Brzozka,
• Sabina Lewinska,
• Natalia Nedelko,
• Anna Slawska-Waniewska,
• Jolanta Borysiuk and
• Dariusz Wasik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1652–1660, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.167

• ] and 130 emu/g [24], respectively, and knowing that amorphous iron oxides exhibit paramagnetic behaviour [20][22], and considering the magnetization of distorted iron oxides to be about the value of bulk magnetite (Fe3O4) of around 92 emu/g [25], the estimated magnetizations (Mcal.) of the investigated

• oxides in material, and Mdist.oxides – saturation magnetization of distorted iron oxides. The value of Mdist.oxides can be assumed as the saturation magnetization of Fe3O4 because our previous work has shown that an annealing of Fe NWs at 300 °C leads to the formation of oxide in the predominant form of

• well-known that iron nanomaterials in the presence of even small quantities of oxygen tend to be oxidized immediately. The increasing temperature leads to progressive oxidation of iron to Fe3O4 (large nanostructures) or γ-Fe2O3 (small nanostructures) and following transformation to α-Fe2O3 [12][15

Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles

• Beata Kalska-Szostko,
• Urszula Wykowska,
• Dariusz Satula and
• Per Nordblad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1385–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.143

• temperatures up to 150 °C, Fe–O bonds typical for Fe3O4 are still preserved (560–580 cm−1) [6]. Nevertheless, in almost every spectrum, oxidation to hematite (540 cm−1), maghemite (647–679 cm−1) [35], lepidocrocite (730 and 1060 cm−1) [36], goethite (860 cm−1) [37] and ferrihydrite (964 cm−1) [35] is well

• magnetic behavior of the pure Fe3O4 sample appears largely unaffected by annealing in the measured temperature range (10–300 K), except for a clear reduction of the magnitude of the magnetic response (M/H) by a factor of about 0.6. The Fe3O4/Fe-ox sample is quite strongly affected by the annealing and the

• to appear at a higher temperature than in the reference sample. The magnetic response (M/H) is decreased by a factor of about 0.2 in the annealed compared to the reference sample. After annealing at 450 °C, the Fe3O4/Fe-ox/Ag sample has, to a large extent, transformed to hematite. This is seen from

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• molar fraction 20, 50 and 80%; diameter 6–7 nm; AuAgNP) where trials were conducted with porcine spermatozoa [49][50]. This observation does not entirely agree with what can be found in literature. Internalisation of nanoparticles made from gold [61][62] or other materials like Fe3O4–PVA [63][64], Eu2O3

Overview of nanoscale NEXAFS performed with soft X-ray microscopes

• Peter Guttmann and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 595–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.61

• thin film devices (SrTiO3) could be demonstrated [64]. The change of resistance in a RRAM device could be assigned to a redox-process. The switching filament could be allocated to extended growth defects which are already present in the virgin films. Synthesis of anisotropic core-shell Fe3O4@Au