Single pyrimidine discrimination during voltage-driven translocation of osmylated oligodeoxynucleotides via the α-hemolysin nanopore

• Yun Ding and
• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.11

• done using conditions for unmodified oligos as described in [14]: 10 μM oligo in 1.00 M KCl, at pH 7.4 with 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer at 22 ± 1 °C. Up to four different probing voltages, namely 100, 120, 140, and 160 mV (trans vs cis) were tested. The observation of decreasing dwell times with

• observed with the two R2 oligos (see below in Figure 6). It is plausible that this hydrophobic association is favored in the 10 μM oligo concentration and in the presence of 1 M KCl used for the present experiments. Lower oligo and/or lower salt concentrations may suppress association, yield higher

• composition. Part B, Chemicals, materials and instrumentation for nanopore measurements: Nanopore experiments were conducted with 10 μM DNA in 1.0 M KCl, 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 and at 22 ± 1 °C, as described in detail in [14], and summarized here. WT α-hemolysin was purchased from List

Influence of wide band gap oxide substrates on the photoelectrochemical properties and structural disorder of CdS nanoparticles grown by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method

• Mikalai V. Malashchonak,
• Alexander V. Mazanik,
• Olga V. Korolik,
• Еugene А. Streltsov and
• Anatoly I. Kulak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2252–2262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.231

• water, air-dried and heat-treated at 450 °C for 1 h in air. Mesoporous zinc oxide films were prepared by the electrochemical cathodic deposition from water–ethanol (1:1 by volume) electrolyte containing 0.1 mol/L Zn(NO3)2, 0.1 mol/L KCl and 4 g/L poly(vinylpyrrolidone) at 50 °C [18][38]. Deposition was

• carried out by potentiostatic cathodic polarization of FTO electrodes at −1000 mV vs Ag/AgCl/KCl (sat.) reference electrode (+0.201 V vs SHE) for 25 min. Because of the formation of hydroxyl ions, a local increase of рН occurs, and the hydrolysis of Zn2+ ions is promoted and precipitation of Zn5(OH)8Cl2

• geometry. The photoelectrochemical measurements were performed according to the procedure described in [39]. A standard two-compartment three-electrode cell containing a platinum counter electrode and an Ag/AgCl/KCl (sat.) electrode as the reference electrode and controlled by a conventional programmable

Electrochemical behavior of polypyrrol/AuNP composites deposited by different electrochemical methods: sensing properties towards catechol

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Cristina Medina-Plaza,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• Yolanda Blanco,
• José Antonio de Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2052–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.209

• be the most suitable electrodeposition technique to prepare voltammetric sensors. Electrochemical behavior of Ppy/AuNPs prepared using different techniques The electrochemical behavior of Ppy and Ppy/AuNP films was analyzed using cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 mol/L KCl solution. The responses are

• separation between the anodic and the cathodic waves that appeared at −0.15 and −0.8 V, respectively [33] . A part from the broadening of the peaks, the effects caused by AuNPs were similar to those observed in KCl (e.g., increase in the intensity of the peaks accompanied by a decrease in the separation

• and in the intensity of the voltammetric signals. These variations in conductivity and intensity of voltammograms are directly related to the number of AuNPs inserted in the Ppy films. Irreproducibility observed in the EIS and voltammetric measurements carried out in KCl using films deposited on

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• nanowires in the pores of the template was performed in a three-electrode set-up using a potentiostat (GAMRY Instruments, Reference 600TM) and a platinum wire as counter electrode. All potentials given here are reported versus the reference electrode, being Ag/AgCl (sat. KCl). Before starting the deposition

Probing fibronectin–antibody interactions using AFM force spectroscopy and lateral force microscopy

• Andrzej J. Kulik,
• Małgorzata Lekka,
• Kyumin Lee,
• Grazyna Pyka-Fościak and
• Wieslaw Nowak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1164–1175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.118

• fibronectin isolated from human plasma. Other reagents Other reagents used in the experiments were: (a) phosphate buffered saline (PBS, ICN Biomedicals, pH 7.4, containing 10 mM of PO42−, 137 mM of NaCl and 27 mM of KCl) was used to prepare all protein solutions; (b) 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES, Sigma

Properties of plasmonic arrays produced by pulsed-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films

• Katarzyna Grochowska,
• Katarzyna Siuzdak,
• Peter A. Atanasov,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Anna Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov and
• Gerard Śliwiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2102–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.219

• solutions of 10 mM K3[Fe(CN)6] + 1 M KCl and 0.1 M NaOH without and with 2 mM of glucose added. The electrolytes were purged with argon for about 1 h prior the measurements, and during the electrochemical tests the Ar-cushion above the electrolyte has been applied. For the samples on ITO substrates, the Au

• films and NP arrays stayed as a working electrode, and the Pt mesh and Ag/AgCl/0.1 M KCl served as the counter and reference electrodes, respectively. Figure 7 shows data collected for the reference ITO electrodes covered by continuous gold films of a thickness of 10 and 20 nm and also for ITO modified

• modified by Au NPs produced by laser nanostructuring of these films, for electrodes immersed in 10 mM K3[Fe(CN)6] + 1 M KCl and recorded at a scan rate of 50 mV/s; b) CV curves of the ITO electrode modified by Au NPs produced from 20 nm thick films, in 0.1 M NaOH without and with 2 mM of glucose, recorded

Effect of channel length on the electrical response of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors to deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization

• Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan,
• Jianing An,
• Yani Zhang,
• Chee How Wong and
• Lianxi Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2081–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.217

• , Biotechnology grade) consisting of 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, and 10 mM phosphate buffer in 1000 mL distilled H2O was purchased from BST Scientific Ltd., Singapore. SWCNT-based FETs were incubated with 5 mM of the linker molecule PASE in pure DMF for 3 hours at room temperature followed by washing with DMF and

Real-time monitoring of calcium carbonate and cationic peptide deposition on carboxylate-SAM using a microfluidic SAW biosensor

• Anna Pohl and
• Ingrid M. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1823–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.193

• , Dudelange, Luxembourg) [46] was prepared in Gly–Gly buffers (20 mM glycylglycine, 350 mM NaCl, 10 mM KCl), previously adjusted to either pH 7.75, 8.2 or 9.0. Each peptide was diluted in the respective buffers to final concentrations of 50 µM, 100 µM or 200 µM. Citric acid A 10 mM citric acid solution was

The protein corona protects against size- and dose-dependent toxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles

• Dominic Docter,
• Christoph Bantz,
• Dana Westmeier,
• Hajo J. Galla,
• Qiangbin Wang,
• James C. Kirkpatrick,
• Peter Nielsen,
• Michael Maskos and
• Roland H. Stauber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.151

• (103.5 mM NaCl, 5.3 mM KCl, 5.6 mM Na2HPO4, 1.4 mM KH2PO4, 23.8 mM NaHCO3, pH 7.4), DMEM with or without 10% FCS, and the measurements were conducted at 25 °C by using 0.6 mg/mL ASP. Cell culture The colonic carcinoma cell line Caco-2 and the colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 were obtained from

Model systems for studying cell adhesion and biomimetic actin networks

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johannes P. Frohnmayer and
• Joachim P. Spatz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1193–1202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.131

• co-workers concluded that the lipid membrane also plays an active part in organising actin networks. Already in 1999, Miyata et al. had observed similar protrusive formations at the outside of GUVs with encaged actin filaments. These protrusions developed within 30 to 100 s after KCl was introduced

Nanocavity crossbar arrays for parallel electrochemical sensing on a chip

• Enno Kätelhön,
• Dirk Mayer,
• Marko Banzet,
• Andreas Offenhäusser and
• Bernhard Wolfrum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1137–1143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.124

• perpendicular cathodes. The device is then calibrated in plain 100 mM KCl solution as well as in a 1 mM potassium hexacyanoferrate solution in order to linearly interpolate the response curve for the individual sensors. After adding the 1 mM potassium hexacyanoferrate solution, three sensors that are located

• dependency of an intersection in sequential data acquisition. Data was recorded during cyclic voltammograms at different concentrations of potassium hexacyanoferrate in 100 mM KCl and represents the absolute difference between the cathodic peak current and a measurement using only the background electrolyte

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

• were used in study. First one is normal saline solution (sodium chloride (NaCl) 8000 mg/L, potassium chloride (KCl) 200 mg/L, sodium phosphate dibasic (Na2HPO4·7H2O)2, 160 mg/L, potassium phosphate monobasic (KH2PO4) 100 mg/L) (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY). Another two oxygenated saline solutions

Enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution of eosin Y-sensitized reduced graphene oxide through a simple photoreaction

• Weiying Zhang,
• Yuexiang Li,
• Shaoqin Peng and
• Xiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 801–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.92

• with a glassy carbon electrode (diameter 2 mm) as the working electrode, a platinum wire as the counter electrode, and an Ag/AgCl electrode as the reference electrode. The electrolyte was a solution of 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH 7), 0.1 M KCl, 10 mM K3Fe(CN)6 and 10 mM K4Fe(CN)6

Manipulation of isolated brain nerve terminals by an external magnetic field using D-mannose-coated γ-Fe₂O₃ nano-sized particles and assessment of their effects on glutamate transport

• Tatiana Borisova,
• Natalia Krisanova,
• Arsenii Borуsov,
• Roman Sivko,
• Ludmila Ostapchenko,
• Michal Babic and
• Daniel Horak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.90

• labeled with D-mannose coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles to the magnet was investigated. KCl at a concentration of 35 mM was typically used for the depolarization of the plasma membrane of synaptosomes [13]. In this context, an increased extracellular level of L-[14C]glutamate in the presence of 35 mM KCl was

• taken into consideration. As a result, a decrease in the label by approximately 8% in vicinity of the magnet was revealed after 5 min incubation of synaptosomes with D-mannose-coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the presence of 35 mM KCl. Therefore, it can be concluded that we obtained normally functioning

• magnetic fields to destroy cells could provide an additional tool for medical treatment. The mechanism by which D-mannose-coated γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles interacted with nerve terminals should be further elucidated. However, it was demonstrated that elevated ionic strength (35 mM KCl) attenuated the

Constant-distance mode SECM as a tool to visualize local electrocatalytic activity of oxygen reduction catalysts

• Michaela Nebel,
• Thomas Erichsen and
• Wolfgang Schuhmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 141–151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.14

• , Barsbüttel, Germany). The electrochemical characterization of the SECM tips, microelectrodes, and recessed microelectrodes as sample surfaces were performed by means of cyclic voltammetry in an electrolyte containing 5 mM [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3 (ABCR, Karlsruhe, Germany) and 100 mM KCl (Riedel-de Haën, Seelze

• , c: bulk concentration of the electroactive species and r: radius of the active electrode surface). A diffusion coefficient of 9.1 × 10−6 cm2s−1 for [Ru(NH3)6]3+ in KCl [43] was used. In all experiments a coiled Pt-wire (Ø 250 µm) counter electrode and a home build miniaturized Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl

• were removed by an ultrasound washing step in water and electrochemical cleaning in H2SO4. The recessed electrode was characterised by means of CV in 5 mM [Ru(NH3)6]Cl3 and 100 mM KCl. The formed microcavity was filled with the catalyst powder by pressing the etched electrode in a small amount of

Ultramicrosensors based on transition metal hexacyanoferrates for scanning electrochemical microscopy

• Maria A. Komkova,
• Angelika Holzinger,
• Andreas Hartmann,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov,
• Christine Kranz,
• Arkady A. Karyakin and
• Oleg G. Voronin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 649–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.72

• (CN)63− ions tend to form insoluble precipitate in pure aqueous solutions. Therefore an excessive amount of supporting electrolyte (0.5 М KCl) was used during the deposition of Ni–HCF films. Deposition of Ni–HCF was performed by using CV as described elsewhere [20]. Every two cycles of PB deposition

• applied to the H2O2 generating gold electrode. In all control experiments a significant signal was not recorded. After the imaging experiments, the integrity of the film was confirmed by CV recorded in 0.1 M HCl/KCl. Conclusion Ultramicrosensors for the detection of hydrogen peroxide with increased

• [18]. The electrodeposition of nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) was carried out in a non-colloid solution containing 1 mM NiCl2 and 0.5 mM K3[Fe(CN)6] with an excessive amount of supporting electrolyte (0.1 M HCl and 0.5 M KCl), while cycling the electrode potential between 0 and 0.85 V at a scan rate

In situ monitoring magnetism and resistance of nanophase platinum upon electrochemical oxidation

• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Stefan Topolovec,
• Stephan Landgraf,
• Heinz Krenn and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 394–399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.46

• sample served as the working electrode and was charged via the Pt wire contacted to the center of the sample. Porous carbon fabric and a commercial Ag/AgCl (sat. KCl) electrode (Radiometer Analytical) were used as counter and reference electrode, respectively. The electrical resistance was measured in a

Nanoscopic surfactant behavior of the porin MspA in aqueous media

• Ayomi S. Perera,
• Hongwang Wang,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Deryl L. Troyer and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 278–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.30

• Supporting Information File 1. PBS consists of 8.0 g NaCl, 0.20 g KCl, 1.44 g Na2HPO4 and 0.24 g KH2PO4 in 1 L H2O, pH 7.40. Geometric calculations based on the crystal structure of MspA [2]. TEM of vesicles formed from MspA on a carbon-coated 200-mesh copper grid. A: MspA vesicles formed in (5 × 10−5)× PBS

Photoelectrochemical and Raman characterization of In₂O₃ mesoporous films sensitized by CdS nanoparticles

• Mikalai V. Malashchonak,
• Sergey K. Poznyak,
• Eugene A. Streltsov,
• Anatoly I. Kulak,
• Olga V. Korolik and
• Alexander V. Mazanik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 255–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.27

• Ag|AgCl|KCl (sat.) electrode as the reference electrode (+0.201 V versus SHE). The cell was controlled by a conventional programmable potentiostat. Photocurrent spectra were obtained by using a setup equipped with a high-intensity grating monochromator, a 1 kW xenon lamp and a slowly rotating light

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• PET are typically achieved by using solutions of sodium hydroxide (various concentrations) for etching and a mixture of potassium chloride (KCl) and formic acid (HCOOH) for stopping [31][46]. Methanol can be added in different concentrations to the NaOH etchant to influence Vb. In the case of 30 µm

• monitored by chronoamperometric current–time (I–t) curves. In the two-electrode arrangement the potential Uc is applied between cathode and anode. In the three-electrode arrangement, reference electrodes such as saturated silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl/sat. KCl) and saturated calomel electrodes (SCE) are

• membranes (dpore = 450 nm, 107 cm−2) at 25 °C, in a solution consisting of 0.25 mol/L CuSO4·5H2O and 2 mol/L H2SO4, by applying different potentials ranging between −80 and −440 mV (versus Ag/AgCl/3 mol/L KCl provided with a Haber–Luggin capillary) [59]. 2 Composition and crystallinity of the nanowires

Paper modified with ZnO nanorods – antimicrobial studies

• Mayuree Jaisai,
• Sunandan Baruah and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 684–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.78

• mixed with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution (8 g NaCl, 0.2 g KCl, 1.44 g Na2HPO4, 0.24 g KH2PO4 in 1 L of distilled water) by a vortex mixer until the cells were homogeneously dispersed. The suspension was centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 10 min and the supernatant discarded. These steps were repeated

Dipole-driven self-organization of zwitterionic molecules on alkali halide surfaces

• Laurent Nony,
• Franck Bocquet,
• Franck Para,
• Frédéric Chérioux,
• Eric Duverger,
• Frank Palmino,
• Vincent Luzet and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 285–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.32

• zwitterionic molecules on ionic-crystal (100) template surfaces. The crystals chosen (NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and KBr) all show the same structure (face-centered cubic, or rock salt) and thus provide an identical quadratic pattern of alternating electric charges on the surface, but with a different lattice constant

• software [22]. Results and Discussion The topography image of ≈0.2 ML MSPS deposited on a clean KCl substrate surface is depicted in Figure 2a. MSPS diffuses to step edges and impurities and forms disordered amorphous islands, but with a more or less uniform height, and no formation of larger clusters or

• to the island boundaries. With the annealing cycle, we also observe a rearrangement of the KCl substrate surface, which will be discussed at the end of this section. For the moment we would just like to mention that the diffusion of MSPS, with its strong electric dipole, on an ionic surface can

Molecular-resolution imaging of pentacene on KCl(001)

• Julia L. Neff,
• Jan Götzen,
• Enhui Li,
• Michael Marz and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 186–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.20

• National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.3.20 Abstract The growth of pentacene on KCl(001) at submonolayer coverage was studied by dynamic scanning force microscopy. At coverages below one monolayer pentacene was found to arrange in islands with

• an upright configuration. The molecular arrangement was resolved in high-resolution images. In these images two different types of patterns were observed, which switch repeatedly. In addition, defects were found, such as a molecular vacancy and domain boundaries. Keywords: KCl; molecular growth

• of a functionalized tip [35]. In this work, we describe the arrangement of pentacene adsorbed on the KCl(001) single-crystal surface. For submonolayer coverage the molecules form islands with upright ordering. In molecularly resolved images of these islands two different molecular patterns are