Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• normalization of data. Western blotting Cells were lysed in buffer containing 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Triton X-100, and 1 mM EDTA, supplemented with protease inhibitor mix (Serva, BioTech, Ltd., Slovakia). After determining the protein concentration using the Bradford assay, equal amounts of

Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface

• Rafal Zuzak,
• Marek Szymonski and
• Szymon Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 232–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.19

• molecules or molecular nanoarchitectures from the metallic substrate and, thus, helps to retain the originally designed properties. Different insulating films have already been applied, ranging from ionic salts such as NaCl [8][9], KCl [10][11], or KBr [12], through oxide [13] or nitride [14] layers to

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

Atomic layer deposited films of Al₂O₃ on fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes: stability and barrier properties

• Hana Krýsová,
• Michael Neumann-Spallart,
• Hana Tarábková,
• Pavel Janda,
• Ladislav Kavan and
• Josef Krýsa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 24–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.2

• semiconducting electrodes, such as ZnO. Aluminium oxide is another promising candidate for this task. It is amphoteric but insoluble in aqueous media at a neutral pH value [8][9]. ALD oxide layers, including Al2O3, were used as barrier coatings on copper to protect against corrosion in 0.1 M NaCl [10]. As

• -deposited ALD Al2O3 films are typically amorphous with a poor resistance to chemical attack [11][12][13]. These films do not withstand, for example, exposition to environmental media, such as 5% NaCl and sea water, to diluted HCl and H2SO4 (pH 4) [11], to acidic (1 M H2SO4) or alkaline (1 M NaOH) solutions

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• years. Ionoluminescense in the HIM (IL-HIM) was used by Veligura et al. to investigate NaCl and semiconductor materials [21][22][23]. Franklin first investigated the suitability of IL-HIM for studying biological specimens tagged with fluorescent markers [24]. Another application in bio-imaging was

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

• from FL experiments. An energetic shift of the same order has also been observed for the FL of isolated molecules and that of ordered domains of PTCDA on NaCl [10]. Here, two different structures of ordered domains of PTCDA were observed (a herringbone and a quadratic structure) the S0/S1 transitions

PTCDA adsorption on CaF₂ thin films

• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1615–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.144

• modern applications, for example as a critical component in organic thin-film transistors [2]. However, and despite the success of using thin insulating NaCl films for molecular decoupling [3], it is now understood that ultrathin layers are often not sufficient to truly insulate a molecular assembly. To

• name two examples, the conductivity through a NaCl bilayer still dominates the conductivity along a molecular wire [4] and only the usage of thick NaCl films has enabled charge stability of single molecules [5]. A particularly well-studied case of surface-specific molecular properties is the adsorption

• is also noteworthy that PTCDA on bulk NaCl(001) surfaces shows long-range order with a dewetting transition at a certain coverage [18], while experiments using NaCl thin films on Cu(111) revealed an absence of long-range order with molecules rather bound to step edges [22]. Explanations for this

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

• Philipp Hurdax,
• Michael Hollerer,
• Larissa Egger,
• Georg Koller,
• Xiaosheng Yang,
• Anja Haags,
• Serguei Soubatch,
• Frank Stefan Tautz,
• Mathias Richter,
• Alexander Gottwald,
• Peter Puschnig,
• Martin Sterrer and
• Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

• : decoupling; integer charge transfer; organic films; para-sexiphenyl; thin dielectric film; Introduction Since the first scanning tunneling microscope (STM) imaging of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of pentacene (5A) on NaCl/Cu(111) was

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• , Supporting Information File 1). In contrast to recent reports on F16CoPc/hBN/Cu(111) [37] and PTCDA/NaCl/Ag(111) [83], an additional effect of the molecular aggregation and packing density, namely the screening by neighboring molecules, yielding a reduction of the STS-derived HOMO–LUMO gap, did not seem to

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• an oxygenated standard salt solution (NaCl 126 mM, KCl 10 mM, MgCl2 2.0 mM, NaH2PO4 1.0 mM, HEPES 20 mM, pH 7.4; and ᴅ-glucose 10 mM) at 37 °C for 8 min. γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were added to the synaptosomal suspension and further incubated for 10 min. The uptake of the neurotransmitter was started by

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• ], NaCl [40], CuN [41] and oxides [32][42] have been used. Typically, the ultrathin films of these wide band gap materials act as insulating layers while still allowing electron tunneling through them. Chemisorbed iodine layers have been used as passivating layers on metals such as Au for achieving

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• , 0.1 M of NaCl and 5 mM of MgCl2, pH 7.5). The samples were left for 2 h in this solution before rinsing with Tris-HCl buffer solution and Milli-Q water. In order to prevent unspecific interactions between E2 and the gold surface, the sample was then left for 2 h in a solution of the blocking agent MCH

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• , Chisinau MD-2001, Republic of Moldova Leibniz IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.81 Abstract A comparative study of the anodization processes occurring at the GaAs(111)A and GaAs(111)B surfaces exposed to electrochemical etching in neutral NaCl and acidic HNO3 aqueous

• electrolytes is performed in galvanostatic and potentiostatic anodization modes. Anodization in NaCl electrolytes was found to result in the formation of porous structures with porosity controlled either by current under the galvanostatic anodization, or by the potential under the potentiostatic anodization

• porous semiconductors although the anodization in environmentally friendly electrolytes, including aqueous solutions of NaCl, has attracted increasing attention during the last decade [5][18][19][20][21]. In this paper, we report on the electrochemical porosification of GaAs(111) wafers in neutral NaCl

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• of both wurtzite and NaCl structures. In addition to crystallographic structure fluctuations, compositional fluctuations at the microscopic level are even more likely in Zn1−xMgxO alloys. Compositional fluctuations have been deduced from photoluminescence (PL), photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• molecules are probed as asymmetric or elongated. A similar effect was extensively studied in the case of negatively charged CuPc adsorbed onto NaCl/Cu(100) [25], when controlled changes in the position of the molecular orbitals by manipulating adatoms in the vicinity of the molecule were presented. We

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• pH 3.5 to closed state at pH 10. The pore formation is either due to the weakening of molecular bonds through ionization or osmotic pressure developed during core dissolution. By increasing the NaCl salt concentration from 0.1 to 0.5 M, similar swelling and shrinking was observed due to the charge

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• glyco-GNPs 3 and 4. The TEM data of the prepared Ara6-GNPs 3 and 4 (Figure 2) clearly suggest that coupling of the Ara6 glycosides 1 and 2 with GNPs did not change the size of nanoparticles (d = 15 nm) and that aggregation is absent. The addition of NaCl solution to conjugates of GNPs with Ara6

• or 4, which were purified from the excess of Ara6 glycosides 1 and 2 by centrifugation, or (3) were prepared in 0.9% NaCl from glyco-GNPs 3 or 4, which were purified by centrifugation, dissolved in 5% sucrose solution and then lyophilized. The absorption spectra of these solutions were virtually

• nanoparticles (d = 15 nm) to give the corresponding glyco-GNPs with pendant Ara6 moieties (Ara6C2NH2-GNPs (3) and Ara6C2EG7NH2-GNPs (4), respectively), which were found to be stable in the presence of 0.9% NaCl only in alkaline media (pH 8–10, Figure 3). Noteworthy is the better stabilization of GNPs by Ara6

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• ′-GACAAGGACGGGCACAUUAUU-3′. BMV VLPs with siRNA were synthetized as described previously [22] using a mass ratio of 1:6 (siRNA/capsid protein). The disassembled BMV capsid protein and siRNA were mixed and dialyzed overnight in an assembly buffer (50 mM NaCl, 10 mM KCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.2

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• the point of forming stable but nonisotonic nanoemulsions, the conductivity of a medium chain triglyceride (MCT)/Kolliphor® HS 15/NaCl solution (20:20:60) was measured as shown in Figure 1. Increasing the salinity of the aqueous phase resulted in a significant decrease of the temperature at the

• incipient phase inversion from 81.5 °C at 0.4 wt % NaCl concentration to 65.4 °C at 5 wt % NaCl concentration. The particles in the nanoemulsion had an average diameter (zave) of 56–59 nm and a remarkably narrow polydispersity index (PDI) distribution of 0.03–0.06. The salinity did not have a significant

• influence on the particle diameter and the PDI of the nanoemulsion formed by shock dilution. Figure 2 shows the particle diameters and the PDIs of different nanoemulsions prepared using 1.75 wt % and 5 wt % NaCl solutions. Nanoemulsions were successfully formed using solutions of the compositions indicated

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• % loading with respect to chitosan, a high siRNA loading for precise gel analysis) or dissolved in water at the same concentration (40 µg/mL) were incubated with 22 µL of a solution of RNAse I (15 mM Tris buffer, 0.3 M NaCl, pH 7.0) at a concentration of 0, 0.33 and 3.33 U (corresponding to 0, 0.5, and 5 U

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• of the release of metoprolol is diffusion. Moreover, metoprolol can be measured easily beside DTT by UV–vis spectroscopy. The kinetics of the metoprolol release from the different PASP-XCYS-LYS gels was studied in both physiological saline (NaCl) and DTT solution (Figure 7). The graph depicts the

• concentration after ca. 50 min in every measurement. The saturation concentration is highest for the PASP-100CYS-LYS sample reaching a concentration of 11 g/L∙ggel in physiological NaCl. Upon decreasing the density of CYS cross-links in the hydrogels, the saturation concentration is reduced to around 7.5 g/L

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• from the gel with water and precipitated as the sodium salt in acetone. The siRNA samples containing complementary oligoribonucleotides (25 µM each) and 350 mM NaCl were subjected to heating for 3 min at 95 °С, followed by cooling to 25 °С. The samples of native siRNA (1) and fluorescently labeled

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• simple model Mucin (1%) was dissolved in water containing 1% NaCl and left overnight under stirring at room temperature to form a kind of artificial mucus (AM). The sample was stored in the refrigerator (4 °C) until use. The AM was incubated with the suspension of PLGA NPs that were stabilized with

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• polymers and their glyco-derivatives, once dispersed in aqueous solution. Firstly, the non-mannosylated polymers were tested in three different media (H2O, 10 mM PBS, 0.9% w/v NaCl) and at three different temperatures (10, 25 and 37 °C; concentration of 1 mg/mL, see Supporting Information File 1, Figures

• . Turbidimetric assay This assay was performed in filtered (PTFE, 0.2 μm) HEPES-buffered saline (HBS), containing 10 mM HEPES, 150 mM NaCl and 1 mM CaCl2 at pH 7.4, according to a procedure already reported in the literature [38]. The stock solution of Con A (6 μM with respect to the tetramer, MW = 104000 Da) was

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O) with ≥98% purity was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36.5–38.0% w/w) and NaCl with 99% purity were acquired from Labsynth (São Paulo, Brazil). Sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) with 99.8% purity was purchased from J.T Baker Chemical Company. All aqueous