Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• a Zetasizer Nano ZS ZEN3600 (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) instrument equipped with a 4 mW He–Ne laser operating at 633 nm and an avalanche photodiode detector (APD) (quantum efficiency >50% at 633 nm). Measurements were performed at 25 °C by using aqueous AuNP solutions filtered with a 0.45 µm

Evolution of the graphite surface in phosphoric acid: an AFM and Raman study

• Rossella Yivlialin,
• Luigi Brambilla,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Carlo Spartaco Casari,
• Matteo Passoni,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Chiara Castiglioni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1878–1884, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.180

• . Spectra were acquired in backscattering geometry using a 50× objective with different excitation lines (457.9 nm Ar+ laser, 632.8 nm He–Ne laser, 784.5 nm diode laser). CV in H3PO4 at different EC potential ranges (scan rate = 150 mV/s). a) First (continuous line) and second (dash-dotted line) scan from

Numerical investigation of depth profiling capabilities of helium and neon ions in ion microscopy

• Patrick Philipp,
• Lukasz Rzeznik and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1749–1760, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.168

• lateral resolution for 2D and 3D imaging. By contrast the development of a mass spectrometer as an add-on tool for the helium ion microscope (HIM), which uses finely focussed He+ or Ne+ beams, allows for the analysis of secondary ions and small secondary cluster ions with unprecedented lateral resolution

• depth profiling applications of multi-layered polymer samples, or organic samples in general. Depth profiling using 20 keV Ne+ and Ar+ Ne+ and Ar+ primary ions are much heavier than He+ ions, leading to higher sputtering rates and lower implantation depths than the latter. This improves their abilities

• for depth profiling capabilities. Ar+ ions have already been used for applications in SIMS [31][32], especially before the development of cluster ion beams [33]. In this paragraph we are going to compare them to Ne+ ions which are going to be used on the HIM for similar applications. Although the

Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Mitra Naghdi,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• Emile Knystautas,
• Mausam Verma,
• Rao. Y. Surampalli and
• Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

• Solutions Inc., 2300, rue Jean-Perrin, Québec, Québec G2C 1T9, Canada Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, N104 SEC PO Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA 10.3762/bjnano.7.149 Abstract Adsorptive membranes have many applications in removal of contaminants, such as heavy

Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases

• Oihane K. Arriortua,
• Eneko Garaio,
• Borja Herrero de la Parte,
• Maite Insausti,
• Luis Lezama,
• Fernando Plazaola,
• Jose Angel García,
• Jesús M. Aizpurua,
• Maialen Sagartzazu,
• Mireia Irazola,
• Nestor Etxebarria,
• Ignacio García-Alonso,
• Alberto Saiz-López and
• José Javier Echevarria-Uraga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1532–1542, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.147

• acceleration voltage of 200 kV. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements were carried out at 25 °C with a Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments) equipped with a solid-state He-Ne laser (λ = 633 nm) to determine the hydrodynamic diameter of the hydrosoluble NPs. The FTIR spectra of the nanoparticles and ligands were

Electric field induced structural colour tuning of a silver/titanium dioxide nanoparticle one-dimensional photonic crystal

• Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy,
• Simone Callegari,
• Diana Gisell Figueroa del Valle,
• Andrea Desii,
• Ilka Kriegel and
• Francesco Scotognella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1404–1410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.131

• , effectively increase the carrier density involved in the plasma frequency, as schematically depicted in Figure 5. Moreover, a second contribution can be the flow of charges in the silver layers due to the electric field itself. In this way, we have the carrier density with the electric field (NE) versus the

• initial carrier density (N), such that NE > N. The Drude model can be used to predict the behaviour of the plasmonic response in the photonic crystal [19]. The frequency-dependent complex dielectric function of silver can be written as where and with Γ representing the free carrier damping [20]. The

• an estimate of the number of charges introduced with an applied voltage of 40 V (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S6), we had to increase the carrier density to the value of NE = 6.86 × 1028 m−3. This resulted in a difference of ΔN = 1.1 × 1028 m−3. Taking into account that the five silver

Experimental and simulation-based investigation of He, Ne and Ar irradiation of polymers for ion microscopy

• Lukasz Rzeznik,
• Yves Fleming,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.104

• the helium ion microscope (HIM) promises higher lateral resolution than on classical SIMS instruments. However, full advantage of this new technique can only be obtained when the interaction of He+ or Ne+ primary ions with the sample is fully controlled. In this work we investigate how He+ and Ne

• , Ne and Ar in polymers are sufficiently high to prevent any accumulation of rare gas atoms in the polymers which could lead to some swelling and bubble formation. Roughness formation was also not observed. Preferential sputtering is more of a problem, with enrichment of carbon up to surface

• + steady state conditions are reached for fluences much higher than 1018 ions/cm2. For Ne+ and Ar+, the transient regime extends up to fluences of 1017–1018 ions/cm2. Hence, preferential sputtering needs to be taken into account when interpreting images recorded under He+ or Ne+ bombardment on the HIM

Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms

• Bin Song,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Jia Liu,
• Xiaoli Feng,
• Ting Zhou and
• Longquan Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57

• activities of Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase also decreased, and the levels of neurotransmitters, including acetyl choline (Ach), glutamic acid (Glu), and NO were elevated. The expression of monoamine neurotransmitters consisting of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylacetic

Calculations of helium separation via uniform pores of stanene-based membranes

• Guoping Gao,
• Yan Jiao,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Liangzhi Kou and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2470–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.256

• three membranes are equal to the lattice constants. Additionally, the 2D Sn, SnH, and SnF structures possess a concentration of pores significantly higher than that of porous graphene or silicene [11][12][13]. Next, we investigated the minimum pathway for noble gases (He, Ne and Ar) penetrating through

• , Ne and Ar passing through the 2D Sn are 0.75, 1.39 and 3.09 eV, respectively. Clearly, the selectivity is high, but the penetration barrier for He through pristine 2D Sn is quite high, indicating a low permeability at room temperature. Since the pore size is critical for gas penetration, a small

• tensile strain applied to the 2D Sn is expected to increase the penetration efficiency of noble gases. Under 5% strain, the penetration barrier for He, Ne and Ar is significantly decreased to 0.51, 0.94 and 2.38 eV, respectively. When the strain on 2D Sn is further increased to 8%, the penetration barrier

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering by colloidal CdSe nanocrystal submonolayers fabricated by the Langmuir–Blodgett technique

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan,
• Ovidiu D. Gordan,
• Sergey L. Veber,
• Cameliu Himcinschi,
• Alexander V. Latyshev and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2388–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.245

• same substrate but without dimer arrays was used as a reference. Micro-Raman experiments were performed with a LabRam spectrometer in backscattering geometry at 300 K. The excitation wavelength of λexc = 632.8 nm (provided by a He–Ne laser) was used in the Raman experiments. The laser light incident on

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• -Lincoln, N104 SEC PO Box 886105, Lincoln, NE 68588-6105, USA 10.3762/bjnano.6.243 Abstract In the last decade, researchers paid great attention to the concept of “Green Chemistry”, which aims at development of efficient methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) in terms of the least possible

Nanofibers for drug delivery – incorporation and release of model molecules, influence of molecular weight and polymer structure

• Jakub Hrib,
• Jakub Sirc,
• Radka Hobzova,
• Zuzana Hampejsova,
• Zuzana Bosakova,
• Marcela Munzarova and
• Jiri Michalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1939–1945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.198

• were obtained from Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA. PVA was provided by Nippon Gohsei, Osaka, Japan. PLA (Mw ≈ 100 kDa) was kindly provided as a sample from Natureworks, Blair, NE, USA. Phosphoric acid (85 wt % aqueous solution), N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane were obtained from

Continuum models of focused electron beam induced processing

• Milos Toth,
• Charlene Lobo,
• Vinzenz Friedli,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1518–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.157

• implemented in Equation 29–Equation 31. This is illustrated in Figure 11a for the case where Pe >> Pd and Ee << Ed. Initially, Ne increases much more rapidly than Nd because Pe >> Pd (and hence Fe >> Fd). However, at times greater than ca. 10−4 s the increase in Nd causes a corresponding decrease in Ne

Enhanced fullerene–Au(111) coupling in (2√3 × 2√3)R30° superstructures with intermolecular interactions

• Michael Paßens,
• Rainer Waser and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1421–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.147

• of the ac tunnelling current achieved by modulating the sample bias after switching off the feedback loop. The single crystal Au(111) substrate (MaTecK, Germany) was cleaned in UHV by cycles of Ne+ ion sputtering (1 kV, 10 min) and thermal annealing (600 °C, 20 min). The cleanliness was checked by

Combination of surface- and interference-enhanced Raman scattering by CuS nanocrystals on nanopatterned Au structures

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Nikolay A. Yeryukov,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Victor A. Gridchin,
• Evgeniya S. Sheremet and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 749–754, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.77

• a size of 1 µm2) in a backscattering geometry at room temperature. He-Cd, Ar+, DPSS Cobolt®, and He–Ne lasers with wavelengths of 325, 514.5, 514.7, and 632.8 nm, respectively, and power below 2 mW were used for excitation. A typical Raman spectrum of the dense ensemble of CuS NCs (about 5–6 MLs) on

Graphene quantum interference photodetector

• Mahbub Alam and
• Paul L. Voss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 726–735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.74

• used Na = 1.136 nm (12 atoms), Nb = 5.396 nm (52 atoms), Nc = 0.986 nm (10 atoms), Nd = 1.968 nm (18 atoms) and Ne = 1.136 nm (12 atoms). For the armchair-type, Na = 0.738 nm (7 atoms), Nb = 2.214 nm (19 atoms), Nc = 0.71 nm (8 atoms), Nd = 4.97 nm (48 atoms) and Ne = 0.738 nm (7 atoms) were used. The

Synthesis of Pt nanoparticles and their burrowing into Si due to synergistic effects of ion beam energy losses

• Pravin Kumar,
• Udai Bhan Singh,
• Kedar Mal,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Indra Sulania,
• Dinakar Kanjilal,
• Dinesh Singh and
• Vidya Nand Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1864–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.197

• irradiation were 50, 140, 350 and 600 keV. For 350 keV and 600 keV ion irradiations, Ne+2 and Ne+3 ions were extracted from the ECR plasma and E/q values (the total potential difference including extraction and platform voltages) were set to 175 kV and 200 kV, respectively. The extraction of highly charged

• of silicon vacancies. The 50 keV neon ions were irradiated at normal incidence on 5 nm Pt film deposited on silicon substrate. The distribution of Pt recoils (Pt/cm3 per Ne/cm2). The 50 keV neon ions were irradiated at normal incidence on 5 nm Pt film deposited on the silicon substrate. The XRD

Optical and structural characterization of oleic acid-stabilized CdTe nanocrystals for solution thin film processing

• Claudio Davet Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Mauricio Ortega-López,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán,
• A. Mauricio Espinoza-Rivas,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• L. Gerardo Silva-Vidaurri,
• Virginia C. Castro-Peña and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 881–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.100

• spectroscopy was carried out also on drop-cast samples by using a Horiba Jobin-Yvon system with an Olympus BX40 microscope, employing the 632 nm He–Ne laser wavelength. a) TEM micrograph of CdTe nanocrystals, the inset shows the indexed electron diffraction pattern, b) TEM image of CdTe nanocrystals used to

• determinate the lattice parameter. The inset shows the 3.23 Å (200) lattice parameter. CdTe deposition with and without UV illumination under ambient conditions. X-ray diffraction pattern of deposited CdTe nanocrystals. Raman spectrum of drop-cast CdTe nanocrystals measured with a 632 nm He–Ne laser

A catechol biosensor based on electrospun carbon nanofibers

• Dawei Li,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Lei Luo,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 346–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.39

• electron microscope (FE-SEM) was used to examine the surface morphologies of the ECNFs and the laccase–Nafion–ECNFs/GCE. The Raman spectrum analysis was carried out at room temperature using a 3D Nanometer Scale Raman PL Microspectrometer (Tokyo Instruments, Inc., with a 785 nm He–Ne laser). Fourier

Structural, electronic and photovoltaic characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes grown directly on stainless steel

• Luca Camilli,
• Manuela Scarselli,
• Silvano Del Gobbo,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Eric Gautron and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 360–367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.42

• silicon photodiode and data were collected by a lock-in technique. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) is defined as the fraction of the incident photons, Nph, converted into photocurrent, i.e., the number of the generated electron–hole pairs, Ne–h, multiplied by the electronic charge, e. The number of

Current-induced forces in mesoscopic systems: A scattering-matrix approach

• Niels Bode,
• Silvia Viola Kusminskiy,
• Reinhold Egger and
• Felix von Oppen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 144–162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.15

• matrix can be split into an “equilibrium” contribution, γs,eq, and a purely nonequilibrium contribution γs,ne, as γs = γs,eq + γs,ne. We first treat γs,eq. By the calculations given in Supporting Information File 1, Section B, we obtain where we have used ∑α′Πα′ = 1, S†S = 1, and Equation 34 in the last

• express γs,ne in terms of S-matrix quantities, we have to make use of the A-matrix defined in Equation 33. Again the details are given in Supporting Information File 1, Section B, where we find, after lengthy manipulations, that This quantity vanishes in equilibrium, as can be shown by using the

• out-of-equilibrium situations. This is due to a negative contribution of γs,ne to the total damping. This is visualized in Figure 4b and Figure 4d. Negative damping is possible when both dot levels are inside the conduction window, restricting the region in X over which negative damping can occur

Towards multiple readout application of plasmonic arrays

• Dana Cialla,
• Karina Weber,
• René Böhme,
• Uwe Hübner,
• Henrik Schneidewind,
• Matthias Zeisberger,
• Roland Mattheis,
• Robert Möller and
• Jürgen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 501–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.54

• setup (HR LabRam invers, Jobin-Yvon-Horiba). The spectrometer has an entrance slit of 100 µm, a focal length of 800 mm, and is equipped with a 300 line mm−1 grating. The 633 nm line of a He–Ne laser (Coherent) with a laser power of ~600 µW incident on the sample was used for excitation. The Raman

Biomimetics inspired surfaces for drag reduction and oleophobicity/philicity

• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 66–84, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.9

• water into the channel in laminar flow, a syringe pump (Model NE-300, New Era Pump Systems Inc., USA) was used at a range of flow rates between 50 μL/s and 400 μL/s (a range of flow velocity between 0.03 m/s and 0.23 m/s). The Reynolds number of the flow applied by the syringe pump was less than 300