One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• the resulting Pt-NPs. Platinum loading and degree of oxidation The relative platinum loading and degree of oxidation were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, see Experimental section). In Figure 5, an XPS survey scan (Figure 5a) and Pt4f elemental scans (Figure 5b,c) related to the

• ), namely Pt(OH)2, at ≈72.7 eV. Table 1 and Table 2 summarize weight percentages and degree of oxidation of the whole Pt/CNW layer (O content of Pt and C combined) and the degree of oxidation of only the Pt-NPs (Pt0/PtII-ratio) as determined by XPS of samples obtained with different process pressures (Table

• (see Experimental section) of three samples (CV1, CV2, and CV3) are compared to a commercially available catalyst powder (HiSPEC4000). Relative platinum loadings (wt %) as determined by XPS are given in the columns in Figure 7, whilst the absolute platinum loadings were 39.0, 56.5, 17.5, and 20 µg/cm

Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111)

• Qi Wang,
• Meng-Ting Chen,
• Antoni Franco-Cañellas,
• Bin Shen,
• Thomas Geiger,
• Holger F. Bettinger,
• Frank Schreiber,
• Ingo Salzmann,
• Alexander Gerlach and
• Steffen Duhm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1361–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.120

• ) on Ag(111) via X-ray standing waves (XSW), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) as well as ultraviolet and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS and XPS). XSW revealed that the adsorption distances of F4PEN in (sub)monolayers on Ag(111) were 3.00 Å for carbon atoms and 3.05 Å for fluorine atoms

• intermediate case. We determined the vertical adsorption heights of F4PEN (sub)monolayers on Ag(111) employing the XSW technique [64][65][66][67]. The lateral order in the monolayer was determined by LEED. Possible chemical interactions between F4PEN and the substrate were studied by XPS. The energy level

• interfaces. Results The determination of the vertical adsorption heights of F4PEN in (sub)monolayers on Ag(111) relied on high-resolution core level spectra, which are shown in Figure 1 (additional XPS spectra are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). Following the assignment of the F4PEN core

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

• Maximilian Schaal,
• Takumi Aihara,
• Marco Gruenewald,
• Felix Otto,
• Jari Domke,
• Roman Forker,
• Hiroyuki Yoshida and
• Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

• LEED pattern due to a post-growth annealing process in a temperature range from 100 °C to 300 °C was not visible. In fact, at a temperature of 300 °C the desorption of DBP molecules was observed by a decrease of the C 1s intensity measured by XPS (not shown). Therefore, we conclude that a post-growth

• a promising n-type contact for molecular electronics. Core level spectroscopy Finally, we investigated the chemical structure by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) at normal emission. In Figure 5 the N 1s, the C 1s and the B 1s spectra for DBP on bare Ni(111) as well as on h-BN/Ni(111

• to decouple the DBP molecules from the Ni(111) substrate. This statement is supported by the vacuum level alignment of the frontier orbitals, which was concluded from our UPS data. The investigation of the chemical structure by means of XPS revealed that the DBP adsorption also mildly influences the

A few-layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid nanomaterial and its application in photodynamic therapy against Candida albicans

• Selene Acosta,
• Carlos Moreno-Aguilar,
• Dania Hernández-Sánchez,
• Beatriz Morales-Cruzado,
• Erick Sarmiento-Gomez,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1054–1061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.90

• graphene lattice. In the Raman spectrum of the FLG-Ce6 hybrid nanomaterial, the D band is overshadowed by the Raman signals of Ce6. Figure 1c shows the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the hybrid nanomaterial and Ce6. The O 1s core level spectrum of the hybrid nanomaterial FLG-Ce6 is

• -ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with a VERSAPROBE PHI 5000 instrument from Physical Electronics, equipped with a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The energy resolution was 0.7 eV. For the compensation of built-up charge on the sample surface during the

• measurements, dual beam charge neutralization composed of an electron gun (≈1 eV) and an argon ion gun (≤10 eV) was used. The XPS spectra were deconvoluted using commercially available software (CASA-XPS). TEM images were obtained using a JEOL JEM-2100 instrument with a voltage acceleration of 200 kV. The

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• copper. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) or graphite powder (commercially available) are used as carbon source. g-C3N4 is synthesized and characterized according to [18]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the formation of g-C3N4 (Figure S1 in Supporting

• , microwave irradiation of zinc metal in the presence of Teflon and g-C3N4 creates ZnF2 nanorods inside fluorinated carbon. From XPS (Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1) the carbon-to-fluorine ratio was calculated to be 3:2. Zn is highly electropositive and reacts readily with fluorine from Teflon and

• electron microscopy (JEOL JEM 2100F) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS (Thermo VG Scientific MultiLab, ESCA). (a) XRD patterns of commercially available Cu powder and Cu powder after treatment with 0.5 M HNO3. (b) SEM images of pure Cu powder and (c) acid-treated Cu powder. (a) Schematic of the

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• particular, we have determined particle sizes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), investigated the homogeneously mixed nature of the Pt/Ir catalyst by X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). We have also examined various ALD

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• the position of a tin atom protruding from the macrocycle: “Sn-up” and “Sn-down”. Switching from the Sn-up to the Sn-down geometry can be realized by annealing the sample at 200 °C or by tip-induced manipulation (bias pulse). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements reveal a lack of strong

• UHV system. Electrochemically etched Pt–Ir tips were used as probes. Stable empty-state STM images were collected in a constant-current mode (tunneling current It < 15 pA; bias voltage Utip < 2 V). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out by using a VG Scientific X-ray source Mark II (Mg

• Kα) combined with a Scienta EAC2200 Nanosam 570 analyzer. Ti 2p peaks were used for global calibration of the XPS spectra. A Shirley function was used for background correction during XPS data analysis. Calculations were performed by employing density-functional theory (DFT) using the SIESTA code [15

Epitaxial growth and superconducting properties of thin-film PdFe/VN and VN/PdFe bilayers on MgO(001) substrates

• Wael M. Mohammed,
• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Airat G. Kiiamov,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 807–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.65

• −xFex were taken at each deposition step using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Finally, all structures were capped with 10 nm layer of undoped Si by magnetron sputtering to prevent sample deterioration. Thus, a VN film and stacks of Pd0.96Fe0.04/VN and

• the VN and the Pd1−xFex layers were analyzed in situ using XPS. The measurements were carried out in the UHV analysis chamber (base pressure p < 3 × 10−10 mbar) equipped with a Mg Kα X-ray source operated at 12.5 kV and 250 W, and a Phoibos-150 hemispherical energy analyzer (all from SPECS, Germany

• ). Figure 3a,b shows the XPS spectra of the as-deposited VN/Pd0.92Fe0.08 thin film heterostructure. The binding energies of the Fe 2p1/2, Fe 2p3/2, and Pd 3d3/2 and Pd 3d5/2 states are 721.0, 707.7, and 340.2 and 335.0 eV, respectively, which agrees well with literature data [33][36]. Figure 3c,d shows the

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• the activity of the CTF-1-600. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provides information about the chemical composition and chemical state of elements. The Ni 2p and N 1s spectra of the materials are shown in Figure 5 and Figure S15–S18, Supporting Information File 1. The Ni 2p spectrum of Ni/CTF-1

• always shows strong satellites about 6 eV above the main electronic lines [47]. In composite materials, Ni2+ can arise from the combination of nickel coordinated with nitrogen and from the oxidation/hydroxylation of nickel (since the samples need to be briefly handled in air to be introduced into the XPS

• instrument). Deconvolution of the N 1s XPS spectrum of Ni/CTF-1-600-22 reveals five peaks at about 398.5, 399.3, 400.6, 401.2 and 402.3 eV, which can be assigned pyridinic nitrogen, Ni-coordinated nitrogen, pyrrolic nitrogen, graphitic or quaternary nitrogen and oxidized nitrogen, respectively [26][48]. The

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• structures were observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, FEI, Tecnai G2 F30). The elemental composition and valence distribution of the film were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, ESCALAB 250Xi). The photoluminescence (PL) intensity of

• , which corresponds to the (004) crystal of Ag surface. From the comprehensive TEM results, the silver-loaded TiO2 array is composed of Ag particles and TiO2 with anatase configuration. Next, sample AFT3 was subjected to XPS analysis to characterize the elemental composition and chemical state of the Ag

• -TNC film, and the result is shown in Figure 5. According to Figure 5a, all the peaks can be attributed to Ti, O, C, and Ag, which indicates that the sample consists of TiO2 and Ag. The appearance of the C element is attributable to contamination from the cavity of the XPS device and/or from the

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• silver nanoparticles are generated within the outer 7 nm gel shell of the particle while the polystyrene core is left intact. Next, the PSSAg nanobeads were studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The spectrum confirms the presence of silver and sulfur in the sample. Figure 5 shows the high

• thiols adsorbed on a metal surface is ca. 162 eV [37]. As such a contribution is not detected in the XPS spectrum, it is possible that the number of thiol groups directly interacting with the surface of silver nanoparticles is low in comparison to the total amount of –SH moieties in the gel layer. On the

• other hand, the contribution at 368.8 eV observed in the Ag 3d signal (Figure 5a) may suggest that a fraction of silver atoms is interacting with thiol groups. The analysis of the XPS data suggests an interesting scenario of the preparative process. Incubation of the gel-shell particles with silver ions

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• microscope (TEM) (JEOL 2010F). ImageJ software was used to analyze the TEM images and to determine the distribution of particle sizes for the calculation of average particle size. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the prepared carbon nanoparticles was conducted on a Thermo Scientific K

• the nanoparticles. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns embedded in the figures reveal that all the nanoparticles are amorphous. The EDS and XPS analyses of the HTC-CDs shown in Figure S1 and Table S1 in Supporting Information File 1 confirm that the main component of the HTC-CDs is

• =C ring bond [47][48]. As discussed above, the PL characteristics of the soybean-derived CDs are dependent on the surface-functional groups. XPS analysis was performed to determine the chemical states of elements on the surface of the soybean-derived C-dots. Figure 8 depicts the XPS spectra of the

Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

• Matthias Simolka,
• Hanno Kaess and
• Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

• spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) it adds chemical information on the elemental distribution to the structural analysis. Further methods that have been applied to study ageing in LFP are X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), focused ion beam

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM images show that the formation of nanostructures is influenced by the initial layer thickness as well as the temperature and the time of annealing. The Ag 3d and Ag 4d XPS spectra are characteristic of nanostructures. The

• Evolution 220 spectrophotometer in transmission mode, in a range of 200–1100 nm. For these measurements films were deposited on glass substrates. The quality of the obtained nanostructures and the valence states of Ag were measured using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Omicron NanoTechnology

• spectrometer with 128-channel collector). XPS measurements were performed at room temperature in ultra-high vacuum (ca. 10−9 mbar). The photoelectrons were excited by an Mg Kα X-ray source. The X-ray anode was operated at 15 keV and 300 W. An Omicron Argus hemispherical electron analyzer with a round aperture

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• previously, the surface oxygen functional groups are crucial for the reduction of molecular oxygen to H2O2 and hence high-resolution O 1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out. The O 1s peaks of different EEG samples are shown in Figure 1a. It can be seen that the intensity of the O 1s peak

• ≈21 to ≈10 atom % from G-M1 to G-M4 (as inferred from the XPS survey spectrum as well as the high-resolution C 1s and O 1s XPS spectra (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1a)) [43]. The O 1s spectrum can be deconvoluted into two distinct peaks (as shown in Figure S2) centered at 532.2 eV and 533.4

• ]: Interestingly, the intensity of the peak increases with the degree of functionalization, which further supports the assumption that the redox peak at 0.5 V is due to functionalization. These results are in good agreement with XPS data, as discussed previously. These redox peaks are not observed (only broad

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• using step scan mode performed with a DX-2700 diffractometer (Dandong Haoyuan Instrument Co. Ltd., China) with Ni-filtered Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.1.541 Å), 10–80° 2θ scan. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were recorded using a K-ALPHA instrument (ThermoFisher Scientific, USA). A MIRA3 field emission

• state of the as-synthesized photocatalysts were investigated with XPS (Figure 1b). Two XPS peaks with binding energy of 932.93 eV and 952.79 eV correspond to Cu 2p3/2 and Cu 2p1/2, respectively. The satellite peaks with higher binding energy of 941.78 eV and 961.45 eV were observed [26]. In comparison

• for the oxidation of organic pollutants. (a) XRD spectra of the CuO, tourmaline, and CuO/tourmaline composite. (b) High-resolution Cu 2p XPS spectra of the CuO and CuO/tourmaline composite. FTIR spectra of the CuO, tourmaline, and CuO/tourmaline composite. SEM images of (a) tourmaline, (b) CuO, and (c

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• , which agrees well with the XRD results. To investigate the chemical composition and the valence states of the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA nanocomposite, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed and the results are shown in Figure 4. According to Figure 4a, the elements Co, Ni, Mo, O and C can be clearly

• [40]. The XPS results further indicate that the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA sample contains C, Co, Ni, Mo and O atoms. The N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms and the pore size distribution curves of the CA, NiMoO4/CA and NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA samples are shown in Figure 5. Both the CA and the NiMoO4/CA samples exhibit

• structure of the prepared samples was characterized by XRD (D8 Advance, Bruker) using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm) over a scan range of 5–80°. XPS (Thermo escalab 250Xi, Thermo fisher) measurements were performed using the monochromatized Al Kα radiation at 1486.6 eV. The surface morphology of the

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• values. Additionally, G3 was seen to have better dispersion when compared to G1 containing the HDPE nanocomposites. XPS sample analysis gave more information on the GnPs’ chemical composition. The XPS results of GnPs are shown in Figure 2 and Table 1. The GnPs generally showed a strong signal for carbon

• to the existence of delocalized π electrons (conduction electrons) available for shake-up events following core electron photoemission (Thermo Fisher Scientific Avantage Data System 5.9904; Thermo Fisher XPS: Knowledge Base). In Table 1, the deconvolution fit for the C 1s and O 1s signals is also

• molding. The size effects of the GnPs on the morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of the composites was studied. The small differences in the GnPs’ surfaces’ chemical composition were detected by XPS, and the highest amount of oxygen that was found was 2.6 atom % for G1. FTIR and

Fabrication of Ag-modified hollow titania spheres via controlled silver diffusion in Ag–TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Krzysztof Kopczyński and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 141–146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.12

• microscopy was used to visualize changes occurring in the morphology of the nanostructures. XPS spectroscopy was used to provide information regarding the chemical composition of Ag-modified TiO2 HSs. Figure 1 shows a schematic illustration of the formation of Ag-modified TiO2 HSs from Ag@TiO2 CSNs together

• molecules are supported by the fact that when freshly prepared Ag@TiO2 CSNs are placed in the XPS spectrometer and annealed under vacuum, without the presence of oxygen, no silver diffusion is observed. The analysis of the Ag 3d band shows that silver is present in Ag-modified TiO2 HSs in at least three

• h (C), 3 h (D), and 12 h (E). XPS Ag 3d1/2 and Ag 3d5/2 spectra of freshly prepared Ag–TiO2 core–shell structures (top) and after annealing at 150 °C for 12 h (bottom). UV–vis spectra and images of aqueous suspensions of freshly prepared Ag–TiO2 core–shell nanostructures (A) and after annealing in

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• particles are observed for the graphitized samples via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). However, we cannot fully exclude small amounts of residual iron in the graphitized catalysts below the detection limit of XPS (about 0.2 atom %) and EDX (about 0.1 wt

• (HRTEM) images of the resulting particles showed that the graphite layers are arranged along the longitudinal axis of the fibers [37]. After the acidic washing process, neither XPS nor EDX showed, for g-NCS-850 and g-NCS-1000, Fe or Fe3C particles within the spheres, which are commonly found for the Fe

• g-NCSs, determined by CHN analyses (supported by EDX measurements, e.g., absence of Fe), as well as the elemental surface composition and N bonding configurations, determined by XPS measurements, are given in Table 1 and Table 2. As expected the samples are made up of a carbon matrix including O

Evaluation of click chemistry microarrays for immunosensing of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

• Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Dadfar,
• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Vanessa Trouillet,
• Hui-Yu Liu,
• Ravi Kumar,
• Annie K. Powell and
• Michael Hirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2505–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.241

• successful implementation and a thorough comparison of their properties. Characterization of the surfaces by XPS and AFM All steps of the immobilization reactions were monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to validate the expected chemical reactions taking place (Figure 2). The

• bare and functionalized glasses was characterized using surface-sensitive techniques, including atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To map the surface roughness, AFM in tapping mode was conducted with a Dimension Icon (Bruker, Germany) device with HQ:NSC15/Al BS

• system onboard software (NanoScope 8.10, Bruker, Germany). The XPS analysis was performed using a K-Alpha+ XPS spectrometer (ThermoFisher Scientific, East Grinstead, UK) using the Thermo Avantage software as previously described [47]. Sample analysis was performed as reported in [25]. Fluorescence

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements. In summary, the obtained FTIR results confirm the covalent functionalisation of Au-decorated MWCNTs with HDT. Sensing results Au-MWCNT sensing of aromatic VOCs Figure 4 shows the response of the Au-MWCNT sensor to benzene and

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• Libra 200). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were conducted to determine the phase of the as-synthesized composites with Cu Kα radiation operated at 40 kV and 30 mA. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed on a Kratos AXIS Ultra DLD instrument using monochromated Al Kα X

• (G-band) resulting from in-plane vibrations and defect-induced vibrations of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in amorphous carbon and rGO [30]. The surface elements of the composites are analyzed by XPS. The survey spectrum confirms that the expected elements in the composites are C, Mo, O, and S (Figure

• pristine MoS2 and (i, j) HRTEM images of C-MoS2/rGO. Morphological images of the annealed C-MoS2/rGO-6 composite: (a) SEM; (b) TEM; (c, d) HRTEM; (e) SEM image of C-MoS2/rGO-6-S; (f) TG analysis curve; (g–j) element mapping images of Mo, S, and C. (a) XRD patterns, (b) Raman spectra, (c) full scan XPS

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Kratos AXIS Supra photoelectron spectrometer, Al Kα excitation (1486.6 eV)). Crystalline structure and composition of the samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD, PANaytical MPD) using a Cu Kα (8047.8 eV) radiation source

• supported by aluminium SEM sample stages. Chemical composition and valence states of each element in the material are further confirmed by using XPS. The high-resolution XPS spectra confirm the existence of nickel, cobalt, and sulfur. After fitting the XPS with the Gaussian method, the HRXPS spectrum of Ni

• ; (b) FESEM images and (c) enlarged FESEM images of Ni1−xCoxS2 nanoparticles; (d–g) TEM, HRTEM and SAED pattern (inset) of the Ni1−xCoxS2 nanoflakes; (i–m) EDS elements maps of S, Ni, Co, O and C from the image (h). (a) EDS pattern of Ni1−xCoxS2 and high-resolution XPS spectra of (b) Ni 2p, (c) Co 2p