Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function

• Perawat Boonpuek and
• Jonathan R. Felts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99

• nanostructured materials, for example, graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanoscale semiconductors, biomaterials, and molecules. Mechanical properties such as surface stiffness, adhesion, friction, electrostatics, and electrowetting can be measured [1][2][3][4]. In contact mode scanning, the contact area between the

• force curves with contact mechanics models and extracting the adhesion and friction forces [5][6]. If we do not know the exact value of the tip radius, the sample image with the observation of scanning frequency and the calculation results are not accurate. This indicates that the measurement results

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• applied method uses conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM). In this technique, a conductive probe is used in an AFM, which allows for imaging the surface topography (and other characteristics such as adhesion and stiffness) with lateral resolution while simultaneously being able to measure current

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• -8 nanopillar array fails due to the breakage of the brittle SU-8 nanopillars (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1A,B), while further hard-baking to strengthen pillar adhesion causes SU-8 reflow, resulting in a dramatic decrease in the pillar aspect ratio (Supporting Information File 1, Figure

• molds The formation of the SU-8 nanopillar array was similar to that of our previous study [16]. Briefly, a thin SU-8 layer was first hard-baked on a 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm glass slide as an adhesion layer. Then, the SU-8 layer to be patterned was spin-coated using a GBL-diluted SU-8 solution (SU-8 50/GBL vol

• (in PDMS) in conformal contact with the photoresist (Figure 1A(i)). AZ1518 was developed with AZ 300 MIF developer for 30 s, followed by rinsing with ultrapure water and N2 drying (Figure 1A(v)). The nanopatterned AZ1518 was finally post-baked at 120 °C for 2 min to improve substrate adhesion. PDMS (A

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• . However, more complete approaches can be applied [24], which consider the situation of a given system. An example is the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) theory, including surface forces, the influence on the adhesion, deformation, and contact behavior between the nanoparticle and the AFM probe suitable for

• -targeting molecule to achieve an active receptor-mediated cell uptake. The receptor binding results in an enhanced adhesion to cells which is further increased by the deformability of the particles. This results in an enhanced cellular uptake in both static and flow conditions. This is described to be due

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• separation (adhesion) were used. We applied first principles methods based on density functional theory (DFT) to study Au/Ge heterostructures with different interfacial plane orientations. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In the Methodology section the calculation details are given, and

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• cell surface adhesion of the test particles. On the other hand, binding to the particles caused a conformational change within the structure of BSA. This denatured BSA promoted binding by scavenger receptor A (SR-A/CD204) and, thus, induced internalization of the protein–particle–receptor complex. In

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• or elimination of NP targeting capability by shielding or completely covering relevant functional groups. To block the adhesion of corona proteins on NP surfaces, various strategies have been established using surface barrier layers, such as polymer, protein, or biomimetic coatings, with the ultimate

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• a gold-coated token in a solution of 1 in DCM. There is evident loss of optical density accompanied by a transition from a reflective gold surface to one with more transmission, which allows for increased optical access to the underlying chromium adhesion layer. Figure S1 (Supporting Information

• Information File 1. Gold-coated glass slides were purchased from Electron Microscopy Sciences (71892-05, Hatfield, PA, USA). The films were 50 nm of gold deposited by electron beam evaporation onto a 2–7 nm chromium adhesion layer. Slides were cut into ca. 1 × 1 cm2 tokens and immersed in 2 mL of the relevant

• , used as an adhesion layer underneath the original gold film, was present on the surface in (a). UV–vis spectra of 10 µL of 5 mM 1 in THF mixed with 10 mL of AuNPs (left) and 10 μL of 5 mM 2 in THF mixed with 10 mL of AuNPs (right) over 6 h of hourly measurements. The inset shows the peak at approx. 530

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• microneedles are most often directly printed onto the medical device and aligned to specific features, such as pores, on the device. Direct microneedle printing has its own set of extensive requirements (e.g., biocompatibility of the material, mechanical robustness, and surface adhesion). Also, FDA’s 510(k

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• biological processes and surface interactions involved in the bioselective adhesion of mammalian cells. The second topic of the review was on repellence of microbes on protein-based material surfaces, highlighting the importance of materials made of recombinant spider silk proteins. Biomaterials that

• bees to seal their hive and protect the colony against pathogens. Since propolis is quite a sticky substance, the authors analysed whether the mandibles of the bees show specific anti-adhesive properties, enabling them to manipulate the propolis. Adhesion experiments with propolis and bee mandibles

• were performed and the mandibles were analysed using (cryo-) scanning electron microscopy, indicating that a fluid substance covers the medial surface of the mandibles reducing propolis adhesion. Weiser et al. [13] take biomimetics into industrial production with their paper “Roll-to-roll fabrication

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• mechanical property gradients, the mechanical behavior and the adhesion of setae, and the feeding efficiency of the system. In this context, we set-up a simple dynamic numerical model that takes all of these parameters into account and describes the interaction with food particles and their delivery into the

• mouth opening. By altering the parameters, it was unraveled that the system performs best when the long and short setae have different mechanical properties and different degrees of adhesion since the long setae generate the feeding current and the short ones establish the contact with the particle

• field of filtration technologies. Keywords: adhesion; confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM); feeding efficiency; feeding structures; mechanical properties; Introduction Particle capture mechanisms are common in a huge variety of aquatic animals, such as polychaetes, bryozoans, bivalves, sponges

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• biggest problems in the development of new drugs [3]. One of the approaches to overcome these problems is nanoparticle carriers. These carriers are advantageous because their high surface area and good adhesion to biological surfaces increase solubility and dissolution rate [4]. The Gram-positive

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• effectiveness of NanoEL closely depends on the physicochemical properties of the NPs such as size, shape, density, and surface charge [12][19][20][21]. Moreover, it is worth to mention that the biological effects of NPs to endothelial cells also depend on the microenvironments. The adhesion of proteins and/or

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• mediates solid tumorigenesis and metastatic behavior [31]. The mechanism of homotypic aggregation is the result of multifactorial action and is closely related to tumor-specific antigens (e.g., Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen [29], carcinoembryonic antigen [32], and glycoprotein 100 [33]) and other adhesion

• closely associated with membrane-associated components such as syndecan-1 [50], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and activated leukocyte cellular adhesion molecule (ALCAM) [51]. In a study on the ability of cancer cell membranes to penetrate the BBB, NPs coated with cell membranes from melanoma

• brain metastasis of some tumors, He et al. tried to apply the 4T1 breast cancer cell membrane to the treatment of ischemic stroke [26]. Expression of syndecan-1 on breast cancer cell membranes promotes migration across the BBB and increases adhesion to perivascular areas of the brain [50]. The

Batch preparation of nanofibers containing nanoparticles by an electrospinning device with multiple air inlets

• Dong Wei,
• Chengwei Ye,
• Adnan Ahmed and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 141–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.15

• the fibers. When the air flow rate was 100 m3/h (Figure 3b), the adhesion between fibers was weakened, resulting in the decrease of average fiber diameter (719.28 ± 108.43 nm) and a reduction of nanoparticle agglomeration in the fibers. When the air flow rate was 50 m3/h (Figure 3c), there was almost

• no adhesion between fibers. The average diameter of fibers was smaller (596 ± 127.02 nm), and the nanoparticles in the fibers were not agglomerated and evenly distributed. When there was no air flow (Figure 3d), the particles in the fibers were not only very few, but also agglomerated. This might be

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• adhesion, etc.) [32][33]. The deposition techniques are also costly, time-consuming and restrictive (under vacuum, numerous steps, toxic chemicals, etc.), which limits industrial scale-up options. Nanometal-polymer coatings offer an interesting alternative to the aforementioned metallized textiles. Such

• [41]. The polymer coating adapts to various textile shapes, improves the adhesion between the MNPs and the substrate by compensating internal stresses and maintains the antimicrobial properties of the NPs. As the nanoparticles are embedded inside the polymer matrix, they are protected from external

• and plate diffusion assays) of AgNP@polymer nanocomposites-coated textiles against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) strains. The mechanical properties (flexibility, adhesion, abrasion) were also studied using a Mini-Martindale device, a standard scratch test kit, scanning

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• Discussion Morphology of Ag–Al alloy thin films The deposition of silver–aluminum thin films on silicon was accomplished by magnetron co-sputtering using a silver target and an aluminum target. To allow for a good adhesion between silicon and the alloy thin film, a silver adhesion layer was deposited prior

• 100 mm and the angle between the magnetron source axis and the normal to the substrate was 30°. The substrate was silicon. Prior to each deposition, a 50 nm Ag adhesion layer was grown by magnetron sputtering. While the power on the aluminum target was fixed to 150 W, the power on the silver target

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• nanoscale surface patterns, whereas conventional photolithography methods are limited by diffraction during the illumination step and under/overetching during the development process [17]. In soft lithography, the deformation and collapsing of rubber stamp structures occur due to the adhesion between the

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• individualized nanotubes. Selective extraction of small-diameter semiconducting SWCNTs Riboflavin demonstrates high adhesion to the SWCNT surface; thus, it can be utilized as both surfactant and eluent to individualize SWCNTs and precisely extract those that feature a denser riboflavin coating from samples with

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• , associates of macromolecules are formed in the solution, and the influence of adhesion processes decreases, but the cohesive forces increase. In the entire thickness range from 3 nm to 1 µm, the films are solid, without significant defects and/or pin holes. The polymer films were studied by atomic force

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

• Matthias Mail,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Wilhelm Barthlott,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

• effective large scale production. Meanwhile, a novel biomimetic surface is commercially available and produced on a large scale: an adhesive elastomeric film with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures that mimic the adhesion system of animals. In this study, we show that these films, which have been

• adhesion systems. They are inspired by the feet of beetles, flies, spiders and geckos and have been shown to strongly enhance adhesion [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. But these surfaces were also shown to be the structure of choice to produce omniphobic surfaces, their wetting

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• projects. The actual project, whose history will be reconstructed in this contribution and in which two co-authors participated (C. N. and W. K.), dealt with a technical problem encountered during steel production. The aim was to find a (biomimetic) way to prevent the adhesion of liquid iron at 1500 °C to

Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method

• Man-Ping Chang,
• Shang-Jui Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108

• , we will focus on characteristics and mechanisms that may influence the nano-punching process. Because of the size effect and atomic adhesion between the punch and the workpiece, the nano-punching process may present different behaviors in comparison to the conventional punching process. Besides

• simulation model. Besides, there is a clearance between the punch and the substrate during the nano-punching process, as shown in Figure 1b. The initial distance between the punch and the workpiece was set to 10 Å, in order to prevent internal adhesion of atoms in the equilibrium stage which may lead to

• the adhesion force increases with an increase of the contact area between the punch and the workpiece. However, when the debris crumple, the slip phenomenon appears [61]. Besides, comparing the three crystal orientation curves, O1 shows a more stable curve during the loading process, while the O2 and

Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)

• Anthony J. Cobos and
• Timothy E. Higham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107

• Animals attach to surfaces in numerous ways, including claws, suction, and both wet and dry adhesion. In fact, some animals can utilize multiple attachment mechanisms [1][2], leading to multifunctionality across surfaces of varying roughness. Dry adhesion is found in many invertebrates and squamate

• reptiles, and has been a focus of both engineering and biological studies [3]. Models are frequently used to describe adhesion, such as the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) model [4]. In this case, the force required to pull an elastic sphere from a flat surface is determined using the radius of the sphere

• and the adhesion energy between a sphere and the surface. More recent studies use the JKR model to determine the role of setal density in adhesion from insects to geckos [5]. Despite many advancements in our understanding of adhesion across organisms, few studies have incorporated ecologically

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• ). Subsequently, by means of a newly established peel-off test, the adhesion of an electrospun polyamide fiber-based nonwoven was quantified on such LIPSS-covered aluminium alloy, steel, and titanium alloy samples, as well as on polished (flat) control samples as reference and, additionally, on samples with

• randomly rough surfaces. The latter revealed that the adhesion of electrospun nanofiber nonwoven is significantly lowered on the nanostructured surfaces compared with the polished surfaces. Keywords: biomimetics; electrospinning; laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS); nanofibers

• nanostructure on the calamistrum in fact reduces adhesion of native spider silk and that this reduced adhesion can be mimicked by artificially structured polymer foils [14]. In order to technically integrate these antiadhesive structures, the structures have to be adapted as typical technical nanofibers differ