Gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene precursors for focused electron beam-induced deposition

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Aya Mahgoub,
• Cornelis W. Hagen and
• Mats Tilset

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 257–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.21

• ][15] and biomedical applications [16]. FEBID provides a flexible direct-write technique to fabricate complex 3D structures, which are hard to realize using resist-based planar lithography processes. However, when using organometallic precursors, usually, undesired dissociation fragments also end up in

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• physicochemical characteristics of AgNPs can be tuned in a way to avoid cellular toxicity [71][74][75], which facilitates their biomedical applications. The small size of AgNPs (<100 nm) allows them to accumulate on the extracellular membrane of the bacteria and penetrate inside, which alters the membrane

• process difficult and costly. In the case of hydrazine, the synthesized particles may potentially include some of the remnants from the reagent, thus making them hazardous or even unusable for biomedical applications. The polyol process is another common wet chemical method used for the synthesis of

• characteristics, AgNPs synthesized by plants and plant extracts are ideal for biomedical applications [304]. Plant extracts contain phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids which are soluble in water [305]. These compounds provide the reagent with unique reducing and capping characteristics [306]. This

Towards 3D self-assembled rolled multiwall carbon nanotube structures by spontaneous peel off

• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1865–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.168

• with increasingly controlled properties are obtained having CNTs as building blocks. For instance, 3D structures made of CNTs can be synthesized on supports as self-assembled “forests” [7]. These structures have been employed in biomedical applications [7], chromatography [8], or filtration [9

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• the distribution in normal tissues, and to improve the biological half-lives [3][4][5][6]. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great interest for biomedical applications, including the delivery of bioactive molecules such as drugs, the targeted cancer therapy, and biological imaging, because of

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• previous study. HAp nanoparticles have been extensively investigated in various biomedical applications. However, the cellular uptake mechanism of HAp nanoparticles into cardiomyocytes remains unknown. In the present study, we focused on verifying whether the cardiomyocyte cell line HL-1 was able to

Influence of the magnetic nanoparticle coating on the magnetic relaxation time

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1207–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.105

• Abstract Colloidal systems consisting of monodomain superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been used in biomedical applications, such as the hyperthermia treatment for cancer. In this type of colloid, called a nanofluid, the nanoparticles tend to agglomeration. It has been shown experimentally that the

• relaxation time; nanoparticle coating; numerical simulation; stochastic Langevin dynamics method; superparamagnetic nanoparticles; Introduction One of the most important biomedical applications of colloidal magnetic nanoparticle systems is magnetic hyperthermia applied as an alternative for cancer treatment

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are highly toxic [4][5]. Recently, research in the field of nanotechnology has focused on trying to find solutions for some of the most serious environmental issues, such as energy conversion, and for the optimization of biomedical applications. Their small size, shape variability

• , surface functionalities, high surface-to-volume ratio and tunable physiochemical properties are unique characteristics that make nanomaterials promising for biomedical applications [6][7]. Multifunctional nanomaterials have been developed to decontaminate surfaces infested with infectious pathogens

• (NCs) have been considered as an alternative since they contain a small amount of Ag in a highly biocompatible material. Along these lines, TiO2 NPs have been used worldwide in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility and cost-effectiveness [15]. Moreover, TiO2 NPs are inorganic materials

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• -patient absorption and response. This review addresses potential applications of SPIONs in vitro (formulations), ex vivo (in biological cells and tissues) and in vivo (preclinical animal models), as well as potential biomedical applications in the context of drug targeting, disease treatment and

• a drug delivery system in sheep joints. The authors found that PVA-coated SPIONs in the presence of an external magnet accumulated at the joint and remained there until at least the fifth day of treatment [83]. Many coatings have been tested for biomedical applications. PVA is one of the most

• readily detected. Figure 3 gives a schematic overview of how the physical and chemical characteristics of SPIONs influence biological response and biomedical applications. Endocytosis, exocytosis, retention and clearance There are a number of possible cell entry mechanisms for nanoparticles, such as

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• ability to disintegrate at physiological pH makes them more versatile for biomedical applications. Crosslinking and covalent interactions Unlike electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions, the covalently linked multilayers provide a more robust way to manipulate permeability, stability and mechanical

Nanoarchitectonics: bottom-up creation of functional materials and systems

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 450–452, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.36

• ], environmental remediation with sensitive pollutant detection [3][4], and biological and biomedical applications [5][6] is a crucial matter. In addition to the intrinsic functionality of bulk materials, control of their internal structure on the nanometer-scale is realized to be increasingly important to obtain

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• , handling, and simple structure, plant viruses are attractive for some biomedical applications. Plant bromoviruses, such as the brome mosaic virus (BMV), are viral bionanoparticles that have been proposed as platforms for drug delivery in different therapies, and as diagnostic imaging agents in cancer [18

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• ]. Several studies have explored the potential biomedical applications of PVI and its derivatives. Pullulan-grafted poly(1-vinylimidazole) was found complex anionic citrate and tripolyphosphate effectively in acidic medium via the imidazole moiety [8]. The catalytic properties of poly(1-vinylimidazole) due

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• biomedical field [8][9]. Hence, natural calcium phosphate from marine organisms plays a major role in recent developments of Hap for use in biomedical applications. Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) is an important marine food that is available for human consumption, and tons of cuttlefish bones are produced as

• waste material every day by the marine food industry across the world, resulting in environmental contamination [10]. In ancient times, cuttlefish bone powder was used as biomedicine in China and India for oral health and is proven to be completely suitable for biomedical applications [11]. Further, the

• [28], and B-type, where the substitution takes place at phosphate vibrational sites [29]. Hence, the band at 1456 cm−1 indicates the occupancy of B-type carbonates and the carbonated n-Hap are highly beneficial in biomedical applications, especially in hard tissue repair [30][31]. Thermogravimetric

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• ]. Moreover, our research group demonstrated previously that hydrogels based on the anionic poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) are also well-suited for tissue engineering purposes [25]. Another field of potential biomedical applications of poly(amino acid)s is drug delivery. Poly(amino acid)-based microcarriers can

• degradation properties of the gels containing LYS and CYS at different ratios were investigated since these attributes are crucial for biomedical applications. The swelling degree was determined at different pH values and under redox conditions. For biocompatibility studies, cell viability tests were carried

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• commonly used labels is fluorescein [37][38][39][40][41][42]. In biomedical applications, fluorescein has several advantages over other dyes such as nontoxicity, high water solubility, and pH responsivity. Fluorescein demonstrates a high fluorescence efficiency at basic pH values but becomes nonfluorescent

• good dispersibility in water and their fluorescent properties make them excellent candidates for biomedical applications. pH-Responsive fluorescent properties of P(AA-co-FA)-functionalized BNNTs Depending on pH, fluorescein can exist as a cation, monoanion, dianion, amphoion, neutral quinoid structure

• )-functionalized BNNTs is excellent and they can potentially be used in biomedical applications. We plan to continue to explore this new hybrid in our future studies not only as a pH-switchable label but also as “smart” surfaces and nanocarriers. Conclusion pH-Switchable, fluorescent, hybrid, water-dispersed

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• multifunctional biomedical applications. The crystalline phase, morphology, magnetization, and coordination environment of various spinel species were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area measurements, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy (DR UV–vis

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• ]. In addition, the high surface area of spherical self-assembled structures can confer glycopolymers a high affinity towards lectins [18]. Among different synthetic macromolecules used in biomedical applications, copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) are found

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• modulated with a magnetic field giving increased sensitivity. As bioimaging probes, they are versatile, cost-effective and easily functionalized, in addition to being easy to coat with silica for biomedical applications. Background-free imaging, both in vivo and in vitro, is achieved by applying an

• mapping. Wide-field magnetometry with NVs allows a wide field-of-view, albeit sometimes with reduced resolution. It has been applied successfully in several fields, mostly in biomedical applications. The pioneering works in NV magnetometry are concerned with proving the underlying principles of nanoscale

• diamond is currently appearing as a platform that is excellently suited for probing condensed matter systems. In addition to room temperature operation for biomedical applications, it can also be used at cryogenic temperatures and has a magnetic field measurement dynamic range from direct current to AC

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• ][71], biological investigation [72][73][74][75], and biomedical applications [76][77][78]. As compared with simple self-assembly processes, nanoarchitectonics is advantageous for architecting hierarchical structures and interfacing between materials and devices. In addition, the fabrication of sensor

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• the surface functionalities allows for the use of such particles in biomedical applications. The Au-CPMV particles reported here exhibit excellent stability over at least almost a year. No visible aggregation nor changes in particles size was observed in samples stored at 4 °C. Their surface can be

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• electrical conductivity and porosity at the same time. Fullerenes (C60) [25] have found numerous applications in different fields, ranging from molecular electronics and nanotechnology to biomedical applications, due to their exceptional electrochemical and photophysical properties [26][27]. In particular

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• multifunctional vehicles for biomedical applications. EGFRvIII expression in U87MG-EGFRvIII cells Before assessing the uptake of the nanoprobes by different cells, EGFRvIII expression in U87MG-EGFRvIII cells was initially validated. As shown in Figure 3a, an obviously higher fluorescence intensity was observed in

Nanoarchitectonics meets cell surface engineering: shape recognition of human cells by halloysite-doped silica cell imprints

• Elvira Rozhina,
• Ilnur Ishmukhametov,
• Svetlana Batasheva,
• Farida Akhatova and
• Rawil Fakhrullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.176

• such as boron nitride or imogolite nanotubes, which are also considered as safe materials for living organisms [33]. Recently, water-dispersed thermo-responsive boron nitride nanotubes were obtained by their functionalisation with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), which can widen their biomedical

• applications [34]. After fabrication, the cells were bleached to produce hollow cell-shaped imprints. These imprints, in turn, were utilised to recognise HeLa cells in suspension. Importantly, the silica/halloysite imprints based on human cells were selective and did not interact with microbial cells of

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• -chemical properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are extensively used in antimicrobial coatings for medical devices, wound dressing, cosmetic products and food packaging due to their antimicrobial, antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties [1][2][3][4][5]. Biomedical applications of gold

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• ], environmental protection [118][119], catalysts [120][121], biology [122][123][124], and biomedical applications [125][126]. For example, the following recent research works on low-dimensional materials have been carried out using the nanoarchitectonics concept: Hasegawa and co-workers used atom-manipulation