Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• N4 procedure at 0 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The labels F1 and F2 stand for the RT procedures with TEOS/PFES = 3:1 and 3:0.5, respectively. Characterization techniques Thermal analysis was performed on the MOM Q-1500 D (Paulik–Paulik–Erdey) derivatograph operating in the range of 20–1000 °C, with a

Nanostructured SnO₂–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

• Paul Chesler,
• Cristian Hornoiu,
• Susana Mihaiu,
• Cristina Vladut,
• Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
• Mihai Anastasescu,
• Carmen Moldovan,
• Bogdan Firtat,
• Costin Brasoveanu,
• George Muscalu,
• Ion Stan and
• Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

• . The final thermal treatment consisted of heating the sensor for 1 h at 350 °C [34]. The obtained sensors were named S1–S5 (see Table 1). Instrumentation Sensor characterization techniques The S1–S5 sensor samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• using an anionic exchange process and the resulting hybrid materials were thoroughly characterized by a set of solid-state characterization techniques including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM, respectively), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR

Prediction of the mechanical properties of zeolite pellets for aerospace molecular decontamination applications

• Guillaume Rioland,
• Patrick Dutournié,
• Delphine Faye,
• T. Jean Daou and
• Joël Patarin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1761–1771, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.169

• (MC) was purchased from Acros Organics. Anhydrous sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) was purchased from Fluka Chemicals. Characterization techniques The ultimate compressive strength of the consolidated pellets was determined by uniaxial and diametric compression tests. The stress and displacement were

Direct formation of gold nanorods on surfaces using polymer-immobilised gold seeds

• Majid K. Abyaneh,
• Pietro Parisse and
• Loredana Casalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 809–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.72

• nanocomposite formed with a lower Mw PMMA and 20 wt % gold salt provides a suitable medium for growing well-dispersed GNRs. In this sample, the average dimension of produced GNRs is 200 nm in length with aspect ratios up to 10 and a distribution of GNRs to nanoparticles of nearly 22%. Suitable characterization

• techniques such as AFM and SEM have been used to support concept of the proposed growth method. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); direct surface growth; gold nanorods; nanocomposites; poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA); Introduction Gold nanorods (GNRs) are among the most interesting noble metal one

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• -doped zinc oxide nanoparticles; microwave solvothermal synthesis (MSS); characterization techniques of nanomaterials; physical properties of Mn2+-doped ZnO nanoparticles; Introduction Nanotechnology has triggered a new global industrial revolution of the 21st century [1]. At present it is the leading

Charge injection and transport properties of an organic light-emitting diode

• Peter Juhasz,
• Juraj Nevrela,
• Michal Micjan,
• Miroslav Novota,
• Jan Uhrik,
• Lubica Stuchlikova,
• Jan Jakabovic,
• Ladislav Harmatha and
• Martin Weis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 47–52, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.5

• improvement. In details, the organic–organic and metal–organic interfaces determine injection properties, whereas the conductivities of organic layers limit the charge transport properties. Charge transport in organic semiconductors has been widely studied by electrical characterization techniques such as

• correlation between obtained results of different characterization techniques is reliable only for the same device. This study demonstrates charge transport properties in OLED devices formed by indium tin oxide (ITO)/N,N'-di-1-naphthyl-N,N'-diphenyl-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (α-NPD)/Alq3/Al system. The

Surface engineering of nanoporous substrate for solid oxide fuel cells with atomic layer-deposited electrolyte

• Sanghoon Ji,
• Waqas Hassan Tanveer,
• Wonjong Yu,
• Sungmin Kang,
• Gu Young Cho,
• Sung Han Kim,
• Jihwan An and
• Suk Won Cha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1805–1810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.184

• analysis using the quanta 3D FEG (FEI Company, Netherlands) instrument. Local surface composition was measured by TEM-EDX analysis using the JEOL-2100F (JEOL, Japan) instrument. The characterization techniques utilized in this study are close to the measures described in our preview work [23

Tm-doped TiO₂ and Tm₂Ti₂O₇ pyrochlore nanoparticles: enhancing the photocatalytic activity of rutile with a pyrochlore phase

• Desiré M. De los Santos,
• Javier Navas,
• Teresa Aguilar,
• Antonio Sánchez-Coronilla,
• Concha Fernández-Lorenzo,
• Rodrigo Alcántara,
• Jose Carlos Piñero,
• Ginesa Blanco and
• Joaquín Martín-Calleja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 605–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.62

• in order to determine the influence of the dopant concentration and annealing temperature on the phase, crystallinity, and electronic and optical properties of the resulting material. Various characterization techniques were utilized such as X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron

Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires

• Alberto Milani,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Valeria Russo,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Franco Cataldo and
• Carlo S. Casari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 480–491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.49

• cross-linking effects and thus requires in situ characterization techniques, as reported in many papers [7][47]. A similar approach was exploited using thermal or laser vaporization cluster sources [6][48]. sp carbon has also been produced by ion irradiation of amorphous carbon [49] and by femtosecond

Nanoparticle shapes by using Wulff constructions and first-principles calculations

• Georgios D. Barmparis,
• Zbigniew Lodziana,
• Nuria Lopez and
• Ioannis N. Remediakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 361–368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.35

• nanotechnology to be successful, a higher degree of control over the synthesis at the nanoscale, better characterization techniques and simulation methods are required. The main aim of simulations is to provide guiding tools for the tailored synthesis of desired architectures. Concerning nanoparticles, a high

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• supplying oxygen to the chamber the pressure was maintained to 0.25 mTorr while the power was adjusted to up to 40 W for 5 min. Finally, the treated samples were further exposed to the oxygen atmosphere for another 10 min before the sample was taken out from the chamber. Characterization techniques

Kelvin probe force microscopy in liquid using electrochemical force microscopy

• Liam Collins,
• Stephen Jesse,
• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Alexander Tselev,
• M. Baris Okatan,
• Sergei V. Kalinin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 201–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.19

• necessitates the development of characterization techniques capable of operating in ionically-active liquids across multiple length scales from a single step edge or point defect up to the device level. While macroscopic electrochemical measurements are capable of probing material properties on the device

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• and performance of HT-PEMFCs. For this reason, materials characterization techniques for HT-PEMFCs, either in situ or ex situ, are highly beneficial. Significant progress has recently been made in this field, which enables us to gain a better understanding of underlying processes occurring during fuel

• ; characterization techniques; high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC); membrane electrode assembly (MEA); phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI); Introduction Fuel cells are among the enabling technologies toward a safe, reliable, and sustainable energy solution. Yet, the lack of

• , including novel imaging and spectroscopic techniques, which had been used to characterize HT-PEMFC materials either in situ or ex situ. We focus mainly on fuel cells based on phosphoric-acid-doped PBI membranes as these are the closest to commercialization. But many characterization techniques discussed

Poly(styrene)/oligo(fluorene)-intercalated fluoromica hybrids: synthesis, characterization and self-assembly

• Giuseppe Leone,
• Francesco Galeotti,
• William Porzio,
• Guido Scavia,
• Luisa Barba,
• Gianmichele Arrighetti,
• Giovanni Ricci,
• Chiara Botta and
• Umberto Giovanella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2450–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.254

• mg·mL−1, while free TF was varied from 0.02 to 0.2 mg·mL−1. Characterization techniques Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) measurements were carried out on a Waters SECV2000 system equipped with two PLGel Mixed C columns, a 2414 RI detector and a 490 UV diode-array detector. THF was used as solvent and

Si/Ge intermixing during Ge Stranski–Krastanov growth

• Alain Portavoce,
• Khalid Hoummada,
• Antoine Ronda,
• Dominique Mangelinck and
• Isabelle Berbezier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.246

• characterization techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). Consequently, the control of the Ge island shape and density, as well as the control of Ge

Nanobioarchitectures based on chlorophyll photopigment, artificial lipid bilayers and carbon nanotubes

• Marcela Elisabeta Barbinta-Patrascu,
• Stefan Marian Iordache,
• Ana Maria Iordache,
• Nicoleta Badea and
• Camelia Ungureanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2316–2325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.240

• research stage with the design, preparation and characterization techniques needed for monitoring these biomaterials, and presents new interdisciplinary aspects involving concepts of biochemistry, biophysics, microbiology, nanotechnology, colloid and supramolecular chemistry, and materials science. The

High speed e-beam lithography for gold nanoarray fabrication and use in nanotechnology

• Jorge Trasobares,
• François Vaurette,
• Marc François,
• Hans Romijn,
• Jean-Louis Codron,
• Dominique Vuillaume,
• Didier Théron and
• Nicolas Clément

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1918–1925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.202

• writing or fast enough with the so-called dot on the fly (DOTF) technique but not optimized for sub-15 nm dots dimension. This prevents use of this technology for some applications and characterization techniques. Here, we show that the DOTF technique can be used without degradation in dots dimension. In

Real-time monitoring of calcium carbonate and cationic peptide deposition on carboxylate-SAM using a microfluidic SAW biosensor

• Anna Pohl and
• Ingrid M. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1823–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.193

• one of the reasons why mechanistic insights into the functions of many biomineralization proteins are difficult to establish [9][28]. Mineral precipitates obtained in the presence of organic additives have been analyzed using an arsenal of characterization techniques including high-resolution X-ray

Silicon and germanium nanocrystals: properties and characterization

• Ivana Capan,
• Alexandra Carvalho and
• José Coutinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1787–1794, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.189

• characterization techniques could be applied. The most common is the capacitance-voltage (C–V) technique that gives information about the memory window. Moreover, C–V gives valuable information as far as interface-defects and oxide defects are concerned. There are numerous studies on the charge-trapping properties

• films. Here, significant progress has been made in free-standing Si NC films [22], but much more effort is needed, for instance by using different electrical characterization techniques, to understand the electrical properties of doped and embedded NCs. III Electronic structure models Effective mass

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• characterization to investigate the agglomeration behavior under physiological conditions. To combine the benefits of different characterization techniques and to compensate for their respective drawbacks, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation were

• physiological media is possible. As a result, it is shown that differences in the agglomeration state and therefore in size were observed under physiological conditions both in presence and in absence of serum proteins. This is especially relevant with regard to in vitro studies. Characterization techniques As

• mentioned, only by combining different characterization techniques can one compensate for the drawbacks of each technique. This section gives a short introduction into each of the techniques that were applied in this study. Special emphasis is placed on the advantages and disadvantages [9][18][19]. TEM

Synthesis of hydrophobic photoluminescent carbon nanodots by using L-tyrosine and citric acid through a thermal oxidation route

• Venkatesh Gude

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1513–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.164

• . Pvt. Ltd), sodium hydroxide, and anthracene from MERCK chemicals. Solvents (spectroscopic grade) from Qualigens have been used for analysis. Deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich chemicals and used to record 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. Characterization techniques

An insight into the mechanism of charge-transfer of hybrid polymer:ternary/quaternary chalcopyrite colloidal nanocrystals

• Parul Chawla,
• Son Singh and
• Shailesh Narain Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1235–1244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.137

• various complimentary characterization techniques. Results and Discussion CISe is known to acquire a chalcopyrite lattice structure, which usually is a diamond-like structure similar to the sphalerite structure. The difference lies in the ordered substitution of the Cu and In element on the Zn sites of

• nanocrystals, particularly CZTSe, impart regimentation and stability within the polymer matrix. Thus, the DLS results are in good agreement with other characterization techniques (TEM, PL and light-soaking). Raman spectroscopy can be used to probe the structure of polymer(P3HT):CISe/CIGSe/CZTSe nanocomposites

Nanoporous composites prepared by a combination of SBA-15 with Mg–Al mixed oxides. Water vapor sorption properties

• Amaury Pérez-Verdejo,
• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Heriberto Pfeiffer,
• Mayra Ruiz-Reyes,
• Juana-Deisy Santamaría and
• Geolar Fetter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.136

• as (Mg-Al)/SBA. Characterization techniques X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded with a Bruker axs D8 advance diffractometer coupled to a copper anode X-ray tube. N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms were measured with a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 system at −196 °C. Prior to analysis, the

Topology assisted self-organization of colloidal nanoparticles: application to 2D large-scale nanomastering

• Hind Kadiri,
• Serguei Kostcheev,
• Daniel Turover,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel,
• Komla Nomenyo,
• Anisha Gokarna and
• Gilles Lerondel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1203–1209, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.132

• pattern on silicon. Beads with a diameter of 400 nm were used for patterning. The total etching time utilized was 4 min. Characterization techniques Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (HITACHI S-3400N, 30 kV), and associated Fourier transform analysis were employed to characterize the