Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• Many attempts have been made to enhance the photocatalytic activity and take better advantage of SnO2 for the NOx abatement, including the combination with other metal oxides [70], organic semiconductors [71], or metallic nanomaterials [72] to form a heterojunction/composite photocatalyst, and self

• band structure, which remains critical for studying charge separation [29]. In another study, a SnO2–Zn2SnO4 Z-scheme photocatalyst system was prepared with a graphene modification to create surface vacancy sites in the composite, which contributed to an enhanced photoactivity in the oxidation of NO

• contributed to improving the charge separation, significantly reducing indoor NO under visible light irradiation. The optimized composite removed 57% of the initial NO while generating a negligible amount of NO2. In addition, this work found that the insertion of graphene quantum dots did not induce any

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• been studied on the nanoscale due to the added complexity of the polymer, the tribology of which, even without any coatings, is still not well understood [22][23]. In experiments, the tribology of polymer composite materials containing graphene has been studied with the goal of constructing a self

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• , RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons ER-C, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.12.102 Abstract In this study, a dual phase composite (CSO-FC2O) consisting of 60 vol % Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 as oxygen

• composite. The KPFM measurements were performed at room temperature and show diffusion coefficients in the range of 3 × 10−13 cm2·s−1, which is comparable to values measured for single-phase Gd-doped ceria thin films using the same method. Keywords: ceria; diffusion coefficient; Kelvin probe force

• partial oxidation reactions. Apart from Gd-doped ceria, Sm-doped ceria also could be an interesting alternative in this kind of composite due to its high ionic conductivity [17]. Obstacles that generally still need to be addressed for the application of dual-phase ceria-based membranes in such an

Chemical vapor deposition of germanium-rich CrGe_x nanowires

• Vladislav Dřínek,
• Stanislav Tiagulskyi,
• Roman Yatskiv,
• Jan Grym,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Věra Jandová,
• Martin Koštejn and
• Jaroslav Kupčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1365–1371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.100

• carbon–platinum composite using focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S10). The resistivity of the nanowire–deposit system was estimated to be 2.7 kΩ·cm (Figure 5). This value is significantly higher than the previously reported resistivity for nominally

Polarity in cuticular ridge development and insect attachment on leaf surfaces of Schismatoglottis calyptrata (Araceae)

• Venkata A. Surapaneni,
• Tobias Aust,
• Thomas Speck and
• Marc Thielen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1326–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.98

• cuticle is a thin non-cellular membrane that covers most of the above-ground organs of land plants. It is a composite matrix consisting of cutin and cutan as its main components, contains intracuticular waxes, and typically is covered by an outer layer of epicuticular waxes. The cuticle and the underlying

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• diffractograms of Si NWs and Si/WO3 NWs. Figure 17g–j demonstrates the dynamic response of composite and pure Si NWs to NO2 at different concentrations at room temperature, and the response of the composite to different gases. The composite sensor with p–n heterojunctions successfully transferred charge carriers

• and additionally served as the conduction path for electron transportation, which led to an improvement in gas sensing behavior of the composite sensor. The technique yielded structures with a fractal dimension of 1.73. In another study, NO2 sensing by WO3 dendritic nanosheets, prepared by Xiao et al

• hydrothermal method to synthesize reduced graphene oxide and pine dendritic BiVO4 composite with an average length of 1–1.5 μm and about 0.6 μm width [82]. In the hybrid composite rGO nanosheets were draped with a pine dendritic morphology. Figure 20 shows the SEM images of GO (Figure 20a), rGO (Figure 20b

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• sodium polysulfide species are directly exposed to the electrolyte. Additionally, the hollow structure provides space to accommodate the volume expansion of sulfur during the discharge processes. This cathode composite limits the shuttle effect, increases utilization and activity of sulfur, and prevents

• result of the nanoporosity of the carbon matrix and the high nitrogen-doping content (ca. 18 atom %). Among all sulfur–carbon composite cathodes, flexible carbon-based skeletons are one of the most promising cathode materials given their ability to accommodate the fast volume changes of sulfur during the

• composite prepared from CS2 (Figure 4A) that delivers high reversible capacities of 889 mAh·g−1 after 600 cycles at 0.8C and of 811 mAh·g−1 after 950 cycles at 1.6C. Additionally, Wu et al. [37] reported a cathode material based on a covalent sulfur–carbon complex with a high concentration of covalently

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• of nanotechnology. The use carrageenan in nanomaterial synthesis and application has been tabulated in Table 3 [32][110][111][112][113][114][115]. Carrageenan has been complexed with chitosan in a recent study, forming a composite for wound healing dressing. Silver nanoparticles, widely known for

• carrageenan gel retaining the antibacterial property [85]. A study based on an injectable composite of carrageenan and nanoscale hydroxyapatite as an injectable bone substitute showed good adhesion properties with no cytotoxicity in vitro, as shown in Figure 6 [116]. The nanocomposite also exhibited

Effects of temperature and repeat layer spacing on mechanical properties of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated composites under shear loading

• Chia-Wei Huang,
• Man-Ping Chang and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 863–877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.65

• structure, graphene is limited as a structural material [7][8]. In addition, research on composite materials found that nanocomposites can provide better performance than a single material [9]. Therefore, three-dimensional graphene composites have been developed in recent years, which exhibit excellent

• only 0.8 vol % of Ni-GPLs [18]. Jiang et al. demonstrated that a pristine graphene (PG)/Cu composite showed a 90% enhancement of yield strength, and 81% increase of compression strength compared to pure copper [19]. Graphene is regarded as a reinforcement component in composites; it has been confirmed

• incorporation of single-layer graphene enhances the mechanical properties of the composites [27]. Shin et al. indicated that there are several factors that would affect the reinforcement of the composite material, including the geometric/spatial characteristics of the reinforcement and the interface [28]. In

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• again at 37 °C for 24 h. The minimal inhibitory concentration was determined examining bacterial growth at each nanoparticle concentration. Dispersion of Ag/HNT-8 in a LDPE polymer matrix Ag/HNT-8 was also tested as an antimicrobial additive to LDPE and the biocide properties of the resulting composite

• smaller than that of the silver peaks, suggesting no stacking of halloysite layers in the composite. Figure 4 shows TEM images of halloysite substrate samples and of samples that went through the thermal reduction of silver. Images of HNT-0, HNT-4, and HNT-8 (Figure 4a,c,e) show that the NaOH treatment

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• magnetoelectric core–shell composite nanowires had a magnetostrictive core and a piezoelectric shell, and it exhibited a strain-mediated magnetoelectric effect. In terms of device design and manufacturing, this biphasic core–shell configuration offered greater flexibility than single-phase magnetoelectric

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• intelligence. Wang et al. proposed a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene film and sponge-like graphene/polydimethylsiloxane composite material to prepare a multifunctional self-powered sensor [51]. The sensor can infer the performance of the material through the difference in the output of the electrical

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• the formation of composite materials consisting of Co3O4 and different materials, including carbon-based materials, such as graphene [7][8], carbon nanotubes [9], carbon coatings [10], dictyophora indusiata-derived carbon [11], or other transition metal oxides [12]. This approach usually leads to a

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• Materials Research Center and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.12.28 Abstract We report for the first time the combination of WO3 sensing elements with a non-noble metal–carbon composite, namely a nickel metal nanoparticle

• –carbon composite (Ni@rGO). Previous work with WO3 had used either NiO (as part of the WO3 lattice), solely carbon, Pd-surface decorated WO3 (Pd@WO3), or Pd or Pt@carbon@WO3. We demonstrate the gas response for pure WO3, rGO/WO3 and Ni@rGO/WO3 sensing elements towards NO2 and acetone in air as well as

• towards CO in N2. The addition of 0.35 wt % Ni@rGO composite to WO3 enables the increase of the sensory response by more than 1.6 times for NO2 vapors. The gas response towards acetone using 0.35 wt % Ni@rGO/WO3 composite was 1.5 times greater for 3500 ppm than for 35,000 ppm acetone. For 0.35 wt % Ni@rGO

A review on the biological effects of nanomaterials on silkworm (Bombyx mori)

• Sandra Senyo Fometu,
• Guohua Wu,
• Lin Ma and
• Joan Shine Davids

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 190–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.15

• feeding silkworm larvae with unpurified composites of CNTs and lignosulfonate composite (LGS) resulted in excess LGS coating, which blocked CNTs from being embedded into the silk fiber. The purification of CNT/LGS composites resulted in a higher CNT content, which led to an ordered graphitic structure in

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• previously described in detail but analyzed in a different context by Cano Murillo and coworkers [19]. The sample is a binary composite consisting of PC and epoxy. At the beginning of the curing process, the two main components of epoxy, resin and hardener, have not yet reacted and the low molecular weight

• structural assignment are labeled in grey (PC or int) and in yellow (int or epoxy). The structural map shown in Figure 4e is, again, in very good agreement with the topography data and identifies the constituents of the composite epoxy (brown) and PC (blue) very well. The measuring points identified as

• , therefore, a mixed behavior. This is supported by the corresponding mixed mechanical behavior, as seen in the kr/Fattr diagram (Figure 4d, top right). It has to be taken into account that the topography only shows a cross section of a three-dimensional structured composite and PC spherulites might extend

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

• Ameen Uddin Ammar,
• Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
• Feray Bakan and
• Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

• less defective flakes were obtained. The volumetric capacitance of the delaminated Mo2CTx “paper” was measured as 700 F·cm−3 at 2 mV·s−1 [28]. Ramachandran et al. developed a MXene composite with non-peripheral octamethyl-substituted copper(II) phthalocyanine, MXene/N-CuMe2Pc, with different fractions

• multiple chemical processes. Because the number of active sites is increased, a faster ionic transport is observed. Also, a specific capacitance of 260 F·g−1 was measured [21]. Jiang et al. developed a layered Co(OH)2/Ti3C2Tx composite material via growing Co(OH)2 nanosheets onto Ti3C2Tx MXene. The total

• retention [30]. Yan et al. used a composite material comprising MXene family Ti3C and CNTs as an electrode material to enhance the performance of a supercapacitor. They reported a high volumetric capacitance of 393 F·cm−3 and increased rate capability, as well as excellent cycling stability [31

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

• Eduardo Serralta,
• Nico Klingner,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Serge Duarte Pinto,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

• created using the three different DF directions as color channels. Using appropriate azimuthal angles for the channels, this composite image shows the grains that are steering the beam to directions between two directions used for individual channels presented in Figure 4c–e. For instance, grain 5 appears

• -processed DF images with polar angle θ > 6° and azimuthal angle ϕ from (c) 135 to 225°, (d) 315 to 45°, (e) 225 to 315°. (f) Composite colored image using (c), (d), and (e) as RGB color channels. The inset shows the color mapping used in Figure 6f for the areas on the detector. The scale bars are 250 nm

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• @NiPS/TiO2) core–shell nanostructures. The TEM results showed that the mSiO2@NiPS composite has a core–shell nanostructure with a unique flake-like shell morphology. XPS analysis revealed the successful formation of 1:1 nickel phyllosilicate on the SiO2 surface. The addition of TiO2 to the mSiO2@NiPS

• yielded the mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 composite. The bandgap energy of mSiO2@NiPS and of mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 were estimated to be 2.05 and 2.68 eV, respectively, indicating the role of titania in tuning the optoelectronic properties of the SiO2@nickel phyllosilicate. As a proof of concept, the core–shell nanostructures

• nanostructures (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1a,b). The mSiO2@NiPS/TiO2 composite comprises spherical mSiO2@NiPS with aggregates of TiO2 on the surface (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1c). The TEM images of the mesoporous SiO2 spheres show more clearly that the sample comprises an inner solid

Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• NiFe-PBA core was converted to the NiFe alloy coated by N-doped carbon. Compared with the composite structure of the NiFe alloy and N-doped carbon in NiFe@NC/PPC [40], the introduction of NiCx may bring more heterointerfaces [29], which may be the source of enhanced performance. The reversibility and

Application of contact-resonance AFM methods to polymer samples

• Sebastian Friedrich and
• Brunero Cappella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1714–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.154

• compliant samples such as polymers, as will be shown later. This is a serious drawback when characterizing composite samples with large differences in the moduli of the components. Results In order to test Equation 16, in a first approach, measurements in DART mode have been performed on several polymer

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• et al. produced coated sheets of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) which formed a composite compound containing ZnO [24][25]. One method that facilitates the large-scale production of nanoparticles is the MCP technique. This method is based on a chemical exchange reaction that occurs due to the heat and