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Search for "dose" in Full Text gives 296 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

  • Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
  • Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
  • Viviane C. F. Santos,
  • Camila M. S. Lacerda,
  • Thais G. Silva,
  • Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
  • Flavio Plentz and
  • Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

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  • graphene devices, whose detection range extends from 0.1 to 100 pg/mL, see Figure S5 (Supporting Information File 1) for more details. We therefore analyzed in depth the general dose-dependent responses of all seven aptasensors. Figure 5a exhibits a calibration curve for ZIKV NS1 detection, reflecting the
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Published 02 Sep 2022

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

  • Elena V. Gorb,
  • Iryna A. Kozeretska and
  • Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

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  • high: The median lethal dose LD50 (a measure of the lethal dose of, e.g., a toxin, radiation, or pathogen required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration) is around −26 °C for D. antarctica, compared to −5 °C for C. quitensis [3][34]. This remarkable frost
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Published 22 Aug 2022

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

  • Hue Thi Nguyen,
  • Tuyet Nhung Pham,
  • Anh-Tuan Le,
  • Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
  • Tran Quang Huy and
  • Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

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  • solubility of a drug leads to low drug absorption. Thus, a sufficient drug concentration in plasma is not achieved, and a high therapeutic effect is not reached. As a result, high dose requirements and more adverse side effects limit the development of phytochemicals in the pharmaceutical industry. BBR
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Published 11 Jul 2022

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

  • Sharif Abdelghany,
  • Walhan Alshaer,
  • Yazan Al Thaher,
  • Maram Al Fawares,
  • Amal G. Al-Bakri,
  • Saja Zuriekat and
  • Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

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  • tissue and skin infections (STSI) caused by S. aureus [13][14][15][16]. However, the therapeutic dose of ciprofloxacin upon using conventional delivery systems is relatively high and associated with adverse effects, which partially contributed to its current limited use in the management of S. aureus
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Published 15 Jun 2022

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

  • Çiğdem Yücel,
  • Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
  • Sena Yalçıntaş and
  • Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

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  • , reduced dose frequency, avoidance of first pass metabolism by the liver, and it can be self-administered. It includes the concept of topical drug delivery aimed at treating a local dermatological disorder without the need to target the systemic circulation by using transdermal drug delivery for systemic
  • dose determined based on cell viability results of 50% or more is appropriate [22][28]. In previous studies, the cytotoxic effect of EGCG, whose antioxidant effect has been proven many times, has been investigated, especially on cancer cell lines. Although there is no cytotoxicity study on the L929
  • effective due to its unstable structure and low solubility. In addition, toxicity may occur with an increasing dose [10]. Therefore, overcoming these problems with nanocarrier systems provides significant advantages to researchers. ETHs protect a given compound against environmental factors and also enhance
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Published 31 May 2022

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

  • Patrick Stohmann,
  • Sascha Koch,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Christopher David Kaiser,
  • Julian Ehrens,
  • Jürgen Schnack,
  • Niklas Biere,
  • Dario Anselmetti,
  • Armin Gölzhäuser and
  • Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

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  • with a scanning tunneling microscope. As the irradiation dose was increased, the cross-linked regions continued to grow and a large number of subnanometer voids appeared. Their equivalent diameter is 0.5 ± 0.2 nm and the areal density is ≈1.7 × 1017 m−2. Supported by classical molecular dynamics
  • the initial stage of cross-linking, the SAMs are exposed to 50 and 1 keV electrons at very low doses and subsequently imaged by STM. The electron dose is then gradually increased up to doses of 25 mC/cm2 and the electron-induced structural changes were then determined. Results and Discussion The
  • resonance. For the irradiation dose of 0.5 mC/cm2 with 1 keV primary electrons, an areal number density of (1.7 ± 0.7) × 1013 cm−2 was obtained for secondary electrons with kinetic energies within the window of the resonance (see detailed calculations in Supporting Information File 1). When considering the
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Published 25 May 2022

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

  • Zahra Nabizadeh,
  • Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
  • Hamed Daemi,
  • Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
  • Ali Akbar Shabani,
  • Mehdi Dadashpour,
  • Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
  • Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

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Published 11 Apr 2022

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

  • Xiaoyan Ma,
  • Haoning Gong,
  • Kenji Ogino,
  • Xuehai Yan and
  • Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

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  • ) assay. Evaluation of ROS scavenging in cells First, the median lethal dose (LD50) value of H2O2 was evaluated. 3T3 cells at a density of 2 × 105 cells per well were incubated with H2O2 at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, and 200 µM). Second, the ROS scavenging activity of MZG
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Published 01 Mar 2022

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

  • Padmavati Sahare,
  • Paulina Govea Alvarez,
  • Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
  • Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
  • Samik Chakraborty,
  • Sujay Paul and
  • Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

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  • administration, certain drugs may show an effective concentration in the bloodstream. Yet, the concentration may suddenly fall below the effective dose obstructing effective treatment. Another shortcoming of oral drug administration is the inactivation of the medicine (antibiotics, enzymes, drugs, and other
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Published 14 Feb 2022

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)6)

  • Po-Yuan Shih,
  • Maicol Cipriani,
  • Christian Felix Hermanns,
  • Jens Oster,
  • Klaus Edinger,
  • Armin Gölzhäuser and
  • Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

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  • its distinguishable EDX peak among the Mo, C and O elements at 5 keV primary beam energy. Cleanliness of the surface was probed by EDX prior to measurements, confirming the absence of C and O at the surface within the s/n level of the measurements. An electron dose of 8.33 × 1013 was applied on a
  • allowing for a clear distinction between EDX peaks from the Mo, C and O elements from the original precursor. Deposition was carried out with an electron dose of 8.33 × 1013 applied on a scanning area of 1 μm2, which resulted in a 230 nm thick pad. EDX measurements were carried out with a ZEISS SEM system
  • contribution alone should not make the carbon content more than 5% higher than that of oxygen. Carbon deposition from the background gas was also considered, but EDX measurements of the surface exposed to the same electron dose as in the Mo(CO)6 deposition experiments showed insignificant carbon deposition
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Published 04 Feb 2022

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

  • Axel Steffen,
  • Yu Xiong,
  • Radostina Georgieva,
  • Ulrich Kalus and
  • Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

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  • dose of 350 EU per administration. If one wants to administer a quantity of 250 mL of HbMP, the suspension must not contain more than 1.4 EU/mL, for an administration of 500 mL, which corresponds to 0.7 EU/mL. Our limit for endotoxin load is 0.5 EU/mL and this limit is tested before the release of the
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Published 24 Jan 2022

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

  • Rouhollah Khodadust,
  • Ozlem Unal and
  • Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

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  • as well as its targeted delivery to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive cancer cell lines, in vitro. Initially, the dose dependent cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles was determined. Then, using a fluorescence microscope, the ability of these nanoparticles to generate intracellular optical
  • therapeutic dose. Next, SPION@bPEI were conjugated with Erbitux (Erb), which is an anti-EGFR antibody for targeting EGFR-overexpressing cancer cell lines. Finally, SPION@bPEI-Erb nanoparticles were used for the targeted delivery of a GFP plasmid, whose transfection can be confirmed with the luminescence of
  • ) in HBG at 25 °C. All measurements were performed in triplicate. Cell culture and cytotoxicity assay Dose-dependent antiproliferative effects of free bPEI, SPION@bPEI, and SPION@bPEI/PIC were tested on HeLa cells (cervical cancer cell line). The antiproliferative effect of SPION@bPEI-Erb and SPION
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Published 18 Jan 2022

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

  • Sadaf Mushtaq,
  • Khuram Shahzad,
  • Tariq Saeed,
  • Anwar Ul-Hamid,
  • Bilal Haider Abbasi,
  • Nafees Ahmad,
  • Waqas Khalid,
  • Muhammad Atif,
  • Zulqurnain Ali and
  • Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

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  • specificity with significantly higher (p < 0.005) drug release in an acidic environment (pH 5.5). The nanoparticles were highly colloidal (zeta potential = −35 to −26 mV) in deionized water, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), and sodium borate buffer (SBB). They showed elevated and dose-dependent cytotoxicity in
  • cells were exposed to 5 μg/mL of NPs for 24 h. For a better comparison, free drug (DOX and MTX) controls were included, which were equivalent to the total drug amount attached (with a given dose of NPs as mentioned in Table 6). PMA-coated NPs (5 μg/mL) and untreated cultures were also included as
  • showed viability up to 80%, indicating excellent biocompatibility of amphiphilic polymers at a lower dose in vitro. IC50 concentrations of functionalized MFe2O4 NPs in cancer cells To determine IC50 concentrations of drug-loaded NPs and their effect on the metabolic activity of HepG2 and HT144 cells, MTT
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Published 02 Dec 2021

Identifying diverse metal oxide nanomaterials with lethal effects on embryonic zebrafish using machine learning

  • Richard Liam Marchese Robinson,
  • Haralambos Sarimveis,
  • Philip Doganis,
  • Xiaodong Jia,
  • Marianna Kotzabasaki,
  • Christiana Gousiadou,
  • Stacey Lynn Harper and
  • Terry Wilkins

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1297–1325, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.97

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  • -lethal effects at each of the tested ENM concentrations and the zero-dose control group [25][28][31]. Figure 2 summarizes the procedure used in the current study to convert the raw observations at either 24 or 120 hpf into binary classification labels, meaning toxic (= 1) vs non-toxic (= 0) for
  • and 120 hpf [31]. This means that the modelled lethality data at 120 hpf refers to fish embryos that were alive at 24 hpf but that were dead at 120 hpf. (More generally, all effects, both lethal and sub-lethal, at 120 hpf were evaluated relative to the zero-dose control group based upon the embryos
  • , the most appropriate dose units to characterise the differential hazard of different ENMs, remains an area under active consideration in the nanotoxicology community [65][77][78]. Whilst applied surface area or particle number doses might be more appropriate [78], albeit this is not accepted in all
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Published 29 Nov 2021

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF3)4

  • Alexey Prosvetov,
  • Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
  • Gennady Sushko and
  • Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

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  • influence the rate of precursor molecule fragmentation. The chosen value of the deposited energy can be verified by comparing the dependence of surface coverage of precursor elements on the electron dose with the experimental data measured by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Electron energy
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Published 13 Oct 2021

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

  • Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
  • Norma J. Salazar-López,
  • Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
  • José R. Vega-Baudrit,
  • J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
  • Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
  • Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
  • Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
  • Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

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  • , or ultrasound) [11][12]. Since exogenous stimuli are precisely controlled by the researcher, they can be used to optimize cellular delivery and dose, thus, they will be the main focus of the present work. However, it should be mentioned that those that respond to exogenous stimuli do have some
  • permanence in the plasma and in other organs. It should be noted that in a dose-escalation study in human volunteers, in which 10–12 g/day of CUR was administered, only 30–50 ng/mL of curcumin was detected in the serum (between 2 and 4 h after administration), which is associated with its low solubility
  • stored at 4 °C) has shown inhibitory effects on A549 (IC50 3.9 µg/mL) and on H460 lung cancer (IC50 2.9 µg/mL) cell lines, according to a cell cycle arrest at G2/M [59]. Morevore, the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 had a dose-dependent increase in both cell lines in response to both
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Published 15 Sep 2021

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

  • Zahra Faraji Rad,
  • Philip D. Prewett and
  • Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

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  • subcutaneous injection of therapeutic agents is still a very common practise in all healthcare settings. Unlike conventional immunisation, which is typically accomplished by high vaccine dose, microneedle patch delivery utilizes a significantly lower dose of vaccine by targeting the rich immune system of the
  • from cancer research (25% enhanced absorption of the protein cancer drug AvastinTM compared with conventional hypodermic delivery) [14]. Incorporation of drug-loaded nanoparticles in dissolving microneedles also shows promise for dose concentration, for example using the antimicrobial carvacrol (CAR
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Published 13 Sep 2021

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

  • Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

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  • challenging stress/strain analysis. Irradiation of copper at 0° incidence angle To assess the effect of ion irradiation, the copper TEM lamella grids were irradiated with Ga ions using a Ga FIB/SEM or Ne ions using HIM. An ion dose of 3371 ions/nm2 was chosen to allow a comparison with a previously reported
  • study on Ga-induced phase transformations in copper [34]. A lower ion dose (2247 ions/nm2) was also evaluated as it corresponds to the dose that is achieved for commonly reported EBSD polishing time values over larger areas [39]. 30 keV Ga ion irradiation at 0° incidence angle The ion trajectory plot
  • images and corresponding dose (see video Supporting Information File 2) suggests that significantly large dark patches are already present at an ion dose of 2247 ions/nm2 which is below the previously reported ion dose of 3371 ions/nm2 [24] (see Figure 5c). The impurity concentration for the slow milling
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Published 31 Aug 2021

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

  • Ido Azuri,
  • Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
  • Neta Regev-Rudzki,
  • Georg Fantner and
  • Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

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  • (STEM) images after nearest neighbor down-sampling. This enabled an increase in image resolution of up to 100-fold, decreasing scanning time and electron dose [120]. Another application of CNNs for STEM was for atomic defect classification [121]. The goal was to characterize defects related to Si
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Published 13 Aug 2021

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

  • Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
  • Lida Moradi,
  • Elmira Kohan,
  • Michael R. Hamblin and
  • Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

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  • therapy; sonoporation; theranostics; ultrasound; ultrasound responsive nanomaterials; Review Introduction Smart drug delivery vehicles It is well known that the administration of most anticancer drugs can produce considerable systemic toxicity, which in some cases can be dose-limiting. Whether oral
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Published 11 Aug 2021

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

  • Barbara Pem,
  • Marija Ćurlin,
  • Darija Domazet Jurašin,
  • Valerije Vrček,
  • Rinea Barbir,
  • Vedran Micek,
  • Raluca M. Fratila,
  • Jesus M. de la Fuente and
  • Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

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  • animal experiments, PVP-coated AgNPs were given orally to three-month old male Wistar rats of 320–350 g of body weight (b.w.) at a daily dose of 1 mg Ag/kg b.w. After 28 days of exposure, the rats were sacrificed under general anaesthesia and tissues were collected for further analysis. This may be
  • were fed standard GLP-certified food (Mucedola, 4RF21, Italy) and given tap water ad libitum. Healthy rats were randomly selected and divided into control and treatment groups. The animals were treated by oral gavage with PVP-AgNPs at a daily dose of 1 mg Ag/kg b.w. during 28 days, while control
  • animals were administered with the same amount (0.1 mL) of physiological solution. Despite the applied dose was much higher than the estimated amount of daily consumption of Ag by humans through ingestion (i.e. 20–80 µg) [61], the dose of 1 mg Ag/kg b.w. for animal experiments is 5–50 times lower than the
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Published 07 Jul 2021

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

  • Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

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  • irradiation effects, such as defect formation and ion implantation, are used to locally change the properties of the material, and at higher doses, nanofabrication is performed using localized material removal (by sputtering) or addition (by gas-assisted deposition). Sometimes, lower-dose irradiation effects
  • interaction volume and resulting modification of the sample for helium ions impinging on bulk silicon and copper targets providing key insights into the beam–sample interaction [16]. Dose series were conducted and the interaction volumes directly visualized by preparing cross sections by gallium focused ion
  • either purposefully creating, or avoiding, varying degrees of disorder in a material. In the following, a range of applications based on these irradiation effects is described, starting with defect engineering studies at the lowest doses and then moving through higher-dose applications. The final
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Published 02 Jul 2021

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

  • Gabriel M. Misirli,
  • Kishore Sridharan and
  • Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

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  • ingestion (swallowing). In these studies with rodents, the degree of toxicity depended on the size of the particles and the dose administered.” [131]. The in vivo oral exposure to these commercial solutions of nanoscale silver particles does not lead to clinically important changes in metabolic
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Published 14 May 2021

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

  • Nikola Geskovski,
  • Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
  • Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
  • Marija Glavas Dodov,
  • Kristina Mladenovska and
  • Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

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  • dose-dependent side effects of both drugs. In part, this was also accomplished by the low-dose synergistic effect of countering different biological signaling pathways, with the goal of achieving short-term BCR–ABL1 kinase inhibition that resulted in induction of apoptosis in BCR–ABL1-positive and
  • primary CML progenitor cells. The targeted NDDS significantly increased the survival rate of the murine leukemia models relative to the groups treated with single drugs, non-targeted co-delivery NDDS, and the untreated control. In addition, the low-administered dose of both co-delivered drugs and the NDDS
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Published 29 Apr 2021

Exploring the fabrication and transfer mechanism of metallic nanostructures on carbon nanomembranes via focused electron beam induced processing

  • Christian Preischl,
  • Linh Hoang Le,
  • Elif Bilgilisoy,
  • Armin Gölzhäuser and
  • Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 319–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.26

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  • Figure 2b. The irradiated 2 × 2 µm2 area is not completely covered with iron (purity ca. 90 atom %), as there is no iron at the edges of the square. This process occurs because for EBISA usually a much higher electron dose is necessary to effectively activate the substrate than for EBID. Thus, the edges
  • of the square, which due to the lack of proximity effects are exposed to a lower overall electron dose than the center, are not fully covered. The AG process results in the formation of presumably pure crystalline iron [10][12], as evidenced in the blowup SE image in Figure 2c and the orange spectrum
  • min, for all electron doses, the irradiated square areas are apparently not fully covered by deposits. For the highest electron dose of 6.08 C/cm2 just small areas at the edges of the squares are not covered. The area of the uncovered parts increases with decreasing electron dose. At 1.01 C/cm2 the
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Published 07 Apr 2021
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